Potting method of jackfruit
1, select full seeds;
2. Soak in water to accelerate germination (about 15 days);
3. After the seeds germinate, they can be planted in the soil;
4. Put it in a ventilated place to prevent seeds from sprouting;
5, watering should be quantitative, I use a watering can, the weather starts to get hot, and I spray 3 laps of water every 2 days.
Jackfruit plan method
Main cultivated varieties
There are more than 30 varieties of jackfruit. China's native varieties are high, at 10? Between 20 meters, the single fruit is mainly round or oval. The weight is between 8- 10 kg. Generally, it begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years. Newly introduced varieties from Malaysia 1, 2, 3, 6. Malaysia 1 is the most dominant. The fruit has a good shape and a big head, and the weight of a single fruit is 20-40 kg. High yield, the fruit yield of a tree can reach 250 kg, and the yield per mu can reach 5 tons. Malaysian variety 1 bears fruit early, and can bear fruit as early as 18 months after sowing. Let's take this variety as an example. Let's talk about the morphological characteristics and suitable growth environment of jackfruit first.
morphological character
The height of jackfruit trees is between 2 and 3 meters. After artificial cultivation, it became an umbrella crown. Germinate, blossom and bear fruit on the trunk, and thick branches and thick fruit branches in the tree hall. The bark is rough, brown-gray, with large gray-white spots. Leaf blade is simple, round or oval, 12-22 cm long, 6-9 cm wide, glabrous on both sides, petiole 1.5-2 cm. Some flowers are terminal, some axillary, monoecious, and the female flowers are 4- 15 cm long, bright green, and the growth position is lower than that of the male flowers on the same fruiting branch; The male flower is about 5 cm long, with smooth surface and dark green. It blooms in February every year for 5 months. While flowering, it bears fruit. The fruit is as big as wax gourd, long oval, brown-green, and jackfruit is light yellow. When ripe, the epidermis is yellow-green, and it will turn yellow-brown after harvesting. The skin is serrated, hexagonal, protruding, and soft and hard. The pulp is wrapped in milky soft skin. The flesh texture is fleshy and golden yellow, the fresh fruit is sweet and smooth, and it has a special honey flavor. Seeds light brown, ovoid or oblong. The fruit ripens from June to 65438+ February for six months.
growing environment
Jackfruit likes high temperature and humid lowland environment and warm and humid tropical climate. Not cold-tolerant, it is required that the annual average temperature in the planting area is greater than 2 1℃, the average temperature in Leng Yue is greater than 13℃, the absolute minimum temperature is greater than 0℃, and the surface temperature is vulnerable to freezing injury at 0℃. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it can grow normally in acidic soil with deep, fertile and loose soil layer and good drainage, or in slightly alkaline clay or sandy loam. It is best to plant in low hills or flat land below 600 meters above sea level.
If you want to try to grow jackfruit, study hard with us. The key to jackfruit cultivation lies in seedling raising. Seedling raising is also divided into two different stages: rootstock seedling raising and grafting seedling raising. Next, let's look at how rootstock seedlings are cultivated.
Cultivation of rootstock seedlings
To cultivate jackfruit rootstock seedlings, we must first select the seeds and sow them on the sand bed to accelerate germination. Germination can be accelerated from June to 10 every year. Large-scale planting can be carried out from September to 65438+10.
Seed selection: The first thing before germination is of course seed selection. It is best to choose the seeds of local jackfruit varieties with strong resistance and adaptability. Fresh seeds peeled from fruits should be selected for less than 48 hours. The seeds are required to be mature, full, smooth and without spots. No trauma, no pests and diseases. With such healthy seeds, the germination rate can be guaranteed. After seed selection is completed, seed treatment is carried out.
Seed washing: The first step of seed treatment is seed washing. The selected seeds should be immediately put into clear water and rubbed by hand for 2-3 minutes. Wash it clean. Wipe it twice like this to clean the pulp and sugar on the fruit. After the seeds are cleaned and sown, ants will not invade and other pests and diseases will not occur.
Sterilization and disinfection of seeds: After the seeds are washed, they should be disinfected. Choose carbendazim 500-800 times as disinfectant, add 65438+/-0.5 kilograms of clean water to the prepared liquid medicine, pour the seeds into the liquid medicine and soak the seeds for 2-3 minutes. Next, get ready for germination in the sand bed.
Making sand bed: The area of sand bed can be determined according to the number of seeds. Fine river sand should be used as the bud bed. The humidity requirement is 25%. River sand is qualified only if the hands are not sticky and can be dispersed immediately. The sand with a thickness of 10- 15 cm shall be paved first as the bottom sand, and it must be leveled with a thin board. In order to facilitate management, it is generally made into a bed surface, with a length of 10 m and a width of 1 m.
Accelerating germination: spread the bottom sand and slowly spread the treated seeds on the sand bed, so as not to hinder germination. After sowing the seeds, we cover them with a layer of sand. The thickness is about 2 cm. Next, we will cover the bud bed with a layer of dry weeds to achieve the purpose of further shading and moisturizing, as well as the effect of warming up.
Sand bed management: If it is between 18-30 degrees Celsius, about 20 days is enough to accelerate germination. If the weather is 8- 18 degrees Celsius, it takes about 35 days to accelerate germination. To observe the dry and wet conditions of the sand bed, water should be sprayed in time. The watering frequency is uncertain, and the principle is to keep the soil surface moist. After budding, uncover the weeds. At this time, we will see that the bud has grown to 3-5 cm high.
Transplant nutrition bag:
In June, 10- 1 1, prepare seedling bags, nursery land, base fertilizer, etc. Prepare for transplanting and enter the nursery cultivation period.
Soil preparation and seedling raising: the nursery should choose sandy land with deep and fertile soil layer. It requires convenient transportation, sufficient sunshine and convenient water supply and irrigation. After selecting the nursery land, turn over the soil and prepare the soil first. The rows of seedlings should be turned deep, 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide. The width between seedling rows is 60 cm.
Preparation of nutrient soil: the original soil can be used to prepare nutrient soil. Grind the yellow loam in the nursery. Prepare organic fertilizers such as cow dung, chicken manure or pig manure. The fertilizer consumption per mu of nursery land is 2 kg. Mix the fertilizer and soil evenly and prepare for bagging.
Bagging: We will bag the prepared nutrient soil, and it is best to shake and compact it when loading the soil. Pack nutrient soil, and arrange nutrient bags neatly in seedling rows, with two nutrient bags in each row.
With a small crowbar. Slowly pry out the bud seeds with a small pry knife and come out of the bud bed. Take the seeds out.
Planting: when planting, use a small pry knife to open the planting hole. The depth is about 5 cm. Open the hole with one hand, insert the seeds and buds into the nutrient bag with the other hand, and then press the nutrient soil with both hands. Then be sure to spray water carefully. To help survive.
Post-planting management: If it is sunny, it should be watered and soaked every day, and no dry soil can appear in the seedling cup.
65438+ February? Management of the following year 1 month
A month later, the seedlings have grown to a height of about 30 cm.
Weeding and removing lateral buds: When weeding, these lateral branches and lateral buds should be removed together.
Fertilization: After one month's consumption, all the fertilizers in the nutrition bag are used up. It's time to fertilize. We choose compound fertilizer potassium chloride. Fertilizer should be applied in seedling bags. In operation, a small hole of 2-3 cm is inserted into each seedling bag with a stick as a fertilization hole. Then put the fertilizer into the fertilizer hole. The fertilization rate for each seedling is 3g.
Sprinkler irrigation: after fertilization, conduct a whole garden irrigation. Just turn on the spray switch. Generally, sprinkler irrigation can be done thoroughly in 30 minutes. Irrigation should be done frequently at seedling stage to keep the soil moisture in seedling bag at 25%.
February-April management
If it rains heavily, it must be drained. Nursery land built in gentle slope zone has inherent advantages and can save drainage works.
Prevention and control of seedling diseases; When the water is dry, spray the medicine all over the garden. Now let's learn more about the harmful symptoms and prevention methods of anthrax.
Symptoms of anthrax: The leaves damaged by anthrax are yellow spots at first, and some even become old, thick, yellow and dry. More serious blades will also appear curling phenomenon. The damaged leaves are yellow and unable to carry out normal photosynthesis.
Prevention and control methods of anthrax: the pathogen of anthrax is an anthrax bacterium, which mainly spreads in the nursery when it is windy and rainy. We choose chlorothalonil 600-800 times solution to spray the whole nursery. In Miao Di where the disease may occur, it needs to be sprayed once every 10 day. At the seedling stage of rootstock, we choose 600-800 times of potassium phosphate and spray it on the leaves every seven days.
Improve rootstock seedlings
Rootstock seedlings bred in 4 months are more than 80 cm high. Become strong. The stem diameter is 0.8- 1 cm higher than the ground, and the leaves of rootstock seedlings are wide and dark green. No pests and diseases. Rootstock seedlings meeting this specification can be safely grafted.
Preparation before grafting
Heavy fertilizer should be applied once before grafting 10 days. We apply compound fertilizer 10 kg per mu of Miao Di.
Five days before grafting, the nursery should be watered once until the nursery is soaked. After these preparations are done, you can graft.
Grafting technique
Grafting time: the grafting time can be from April to 10 every year.
Selection of scion: We chose Malaysia 1 and planted it in sunny places. The mother tree is required to be a 3-5-year-old fruit tree with vigorous growth, thick branches, full bud eyes and no pests and diseases. We use pruning shears to collect scions, and each scion takes 3-4 bud eyes as the standard.
Scion pruning: the scion should be cut from the twig, and the scion is about 15-20 cm. Generally, each scion can have 2-4 buds. Immediately after pruning, wrap the repaired scion with wet cloth to achieve the purpose of moisturizing before grafting.
Bud grafting method:
Grafting knives, scissors, wet cloth and film tape with a thickness of 0.04 mm, a width of 2 cm and a length of 20-25 cm should be prepared before grafting. These tools must be kept clean and free of oil stains. Generally, the stock seedlings should be cut first when grafting, but the abdominal bud grafting method does not need to cut the stock seedlings. Instead, the scion buds are grafted on the stems of rootstock seedlings. Then, let's take a closer look at how to connect.
Bud grafting method: the operator's hands should be clean and not oily. During operation, the leaves below the ground 15 cm should be removed first. At the smooth place between 10- 15 cm from the ground, cut two parallel sections from bottom to top with a knife tip, the length is 5-6 cm, and the width accounts for about one third of the rootstock stem, and the depth of the cut section reaches the wooden part of the rootstock stem. The upper half of the section crosses into a tongue shape, gently picks up the cortex from the tip, cuts the cortex from top to bottom, and cuts off two-thirds, leaving a small section of cortex with a length of one-third for holding bud pieces.
Bud slice: We choose the whole leaf bud and cut the bud slice obliquely with a knife, the length is also 5-6 cm. The depth of oblique cutting should reach the wood part, and then the sawdust should be peeled off, leaving the cortex and bud eyes, and the bud eyes must be kept intact. Then cut off the two ends of the bud piece and cut it into 4 cm long bud pieces. The bud eye should be in the middle position, with 2 cm at each end. Such a bud is slightly smaller than the part on the rhizome.
Placement of buds: ensure that the joints are clean and free from pollutants such as rain and soil. Wipe off the juice when it comes out. In order to avoid the grafting surface being polluted and affecting the survival. Put the bud eye of the bud piece upward on the section of the rootstock, and insert the lower end of the bud piece into a small cortex left by the rootstock to play a fixing role. There is a tiny gap on both sides of the bud to facilitate the growth and healing of the grafting surface.
Binding: Next, we use white transparent film tape to bind from bottom to top. The overlapping surface between the last turn and the next turn of the film tape should be kept at about one third. The tightness of the membrane belt should be appropriate, so as not to let rain in, so as not to affect the healing of buds and improve the survival rate.
The value of jackfruit
Edible
Green immature fruits can be eaten as vegetables. The edible part at maturity contains carbohydrates per100g.
24.9 grams, 25 mg of calcium, 5 mg of phosphorus, 7 mg of iron, etc. Stir-fried with cooked food, delicious as chestnut, has the effects of quenching thirst, promoting lactation, tonifying the middle energizer and benefiting qi.
There are many jackfruit trees in Zhanjiang and Maoming. In addition to the trees themselves as a good tool for viewing and shading, their leaves are also good materials for making farm snacks in the two places, which can make the taste of farm snacks more fragrant and enhance the taste. It also provides more adequate nutrition for farmers.
Modern medical research has confirmed that jackfruit is rich in sugar, protein and vitamin B 1. B2。 B6, vitamin C, minerals, fatty oil, etc. The main therapeutic substance is a substance called jackfruit protein which can be extracted from the juice and peel of jackfruit.
Sugar, protein, fatty oil, minerals and vitamins in jackfruit have certain effects on maintaining normal physiological functions of the body. After taking jackfruit, it can strengthen the hydrolysis of fibrin in the body, dissolve fibrin and blood clots blocked in tissues and blood vessels, thus improving local blood and body fluid circulation, absorbing and eliminating inflammation and edema, and has certain auxiliary therapeutic effect on diseases caused by thrombosis such as cerebral thrombosis. Pineapple protein extracted from jackfruit can be used in combination with antibiotics and other drugs to promote the penetration and diffusion of drugs into diseased tissues, and is suitable for treating inflammation and edema caused by various reasons, such as bronchitis, bronchial asthma, acute pneumonia, pharyngolaryngitis, retinitis, mastitis, postpartum breast congestion, postpartum thrombophlebitis, arthritis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, cellulitis, leg ulcer and other diseases. In addition, pineapple honey juice can be directly used externally to treat lymphangitis, hemorrhoids and other diseases.
Garden use
Pineapple is a beautiful shade tree and street tree with neat tree shape, thick crown and strange fruit. The fruit is sweet and edible.
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