On the first day, let's see where there are interesting places to sell goods nearby. The afternoon before, I went to occupy the stall in advance and slept in my sleeping car.
There is a 20-liter square bucket in the car, and it only costs two yuan to fill the water dispenser. There is a cassette oven, the one with a gas tank, a small milk pot for heating fried rice, and a large collection box with oil, salt, sauce and vinegar condiments. Usually put it in when you buy food, and cook by yourself when it is inconvenient to buy food. In fact, I often cook with my colleagues who come out and stand together, so that you can fry two more dishes.
You can open the mobile phone calendar, see what exhibitions and exchanges there are in the nearby solar calendar, and decide the route first, whether to take the provincial road or the expressway. If the national road is in good condition, you can't win the expressway generally, because the expressway still charges.
Before departure, the mobile phone must be fully charged, take a few charging treasures, prepare delicious food and drink, change clothes, toiletries and quilts. It would be better if there is a battery in the car. You can take a laptop to sort out the video clips taken at night and send them to today's headline watermelon video, so that you can share your daily life, as well as the beautiful scenery and interesting things you see. You can be free and carefree, and you can make money while traveling. Why not?
This is my usual habit and way, and it is also something I use. I hope it can bring you reference value.
1. Plan your travel route
Day 1: Take the train from Nanjing to Nantong at noon, take bus No.41to Nanjie, watch Haohe River in the evening, and then go to the hotel (like home) to rest.
The next day: take bus No.5 from downtown to Langshan scenic spot, first go to Langshan amusement park, then go to Langshan to enjoy the scenery, and then go back to downtown for dinner and rest at night.
Day 3: Return to Nanjing by train.
Four. Analysis of each link
1. 1 Arrive in Nantong at noon on the first day of the tour. Bring your own dry food for lunch, and then take bus No.4 1 toNo. South Street 1 downtown. It is necessary to go downtown.
1.2 After shopping, go and fill your stomach first. There are still many snacks in Nantong. The famous ones are Xiting Shortcake, Nantong Zi Yuan and Leek Box. I-I'm going to eat while walking.
Xiting shortcake is hand-made from refined white flour through 28 processes. Baked shortcake with slight fire, the surface is yellow but not burnt; The craft of shortbread is exquisite, and each cake has eighteen layers. If you don't believe it, don't believe it. Soak them in boiling water and you can clearly see their level. There are two ways to eat Xiting shortbread: drying in the sun and soaking in boiling water. It's crunchy when eaten dry. Because sesame sticks to the surface, the more you chew, the more fragrant it becomes. Soaked in boiling water, it tastes delicious and is especially suitable for the appetite of the elderly.
Nantong Zi Yuan
Jiaozi made of glutinous rice chips or sorghum chips is tender and glutinous, which Nantong people especially like. In different seasons, Zi Yuan practices and eats differently. There is a proverb in Nantong, so we should have jiaozi for breakfast on the solstice in winter to show our reunion. On the first day of the new year, children and grandchildren should have breakfast, and S dumplings are solid jiaozi of different sizes dipped in foreign sugar to eat, which means that children and grandchildren are full, and the whole family is reunited and happy. Round stuffing can be made of sesame cake crumbs, sand washing, shepherd's purse, shrimp, fresh meat and so on. Eat a hearty meal when you get married. Nantong City and Beisan County are all made of glutinous rice crumbs. Qidong, Haimen and Tonghai pay attention to making red balls with sorghum shavings.
1.3 I watched Haohe River at night, just because I was tired after visiting the city center, so I took a rest and looked at the scenery. Besides, Haohe River is a moat. You don't need to drive anymore. You can walk straight there.
Haohe scenic spot is an open scenic spot with the ancient moat as the link and the city as the center. Haohe River was originally a moat in Nantong. According to historical records, it has a history of 1000 years. This city is a river. For thousands of years.
Step 2 plan a trip
Planning is a process of integrating various resources, using systematic analysis methods and means, grasping various related factors, designing feasible schemes and plans that can solve practical problems through scientific and systematic analysis and demonstration, and optimizing such schemes and plans to maximize benefits and values.
In addition to adhering to all the basic characteristics and definitions of the above-mentioned planning, tourism planning also has its particularity as a special industry. Due to the particularity of tourism industry, in many cases, the particularity of tourism planning often exceeds the universality of planning. In other words, if we don't deeply study the particularity of tourism and use the general principles and methods of planning to solve the special problems of tourism, it is difficult to get a satisfactory answer. The particularity of tourism planning is shown in the following aspects:
1. Understanding, evaluating and grasping tourism resources is the basis of tourism planning.
2. The planning of tourism product system is the difficulty of tourism planning. Resources are not equal to products, and the scientific value of tourism resources is not necessarily equal to the market value of tourism products.
Tourism market research is the key to the success of tourism planning. Because tourists buy special experiences, and the quality of tourism experience is influenced by the psychological factors that tourists change with time.
3. How to plan a travel plan
The travel plan can be divided into several points. 1. itinerary, daily schedule, time, itinerary, transportation, scenic spots, routes, contents, etc. Second, what items do the service standards include, such as accommodation, catering, car use, tickets, etc. Third, the reference price fourth, matters needing attention, etc. T know what kind of plan you really want to write. You can ask more details.
4. What is the itinerary plan for planning a trip?
I have some experiences and feelings in this respect. I have organized and led the company team to carry out tourism activities many times.
When I first organized a group tour, I didn't pay attention to the planning and arrangement of the travel plan in advance. I thought it was a very simple thing, that is, to lead everyone to a tourist destination. Later practice has proved that organizing tourism activities in such a hurry is prone to such phenomena as no theme, slow team, frequent minor problems, low tourism efficiency and tired participants, which ultimately backfire.
Later, we gradually paid attention to the planning of pre-tourism programs, especially the planning of themes and related group activities, which made the tourism effect better and better. Therefore, I have gradually accumulated some experience in tourism planning and would like to introduce it to you.
There are many forms and contents of online travel programs. You can refer to and determine the program form and content suitable for this tourism activity according to the actual situation of our company, which generally includes the following elements:
First, clarify the theme of the event; Two. Briefly describe the purpose of the activity;
3. Activities (main tourist destinations and main activities);
Fourth, the activity time; 5. Participants;
6. Organizing activity departments; Seven. Activity arrangement;
Eight. Activity flow; Nine. Other matters;
X. preventive measures or safety instructions;
XI. Pay attention to special safety notices and emergency plans related to tourism safety in relevant scenic spots.
In the planning process of the above-mentioned tourism projects, I mainly emphasize the following points:
First, the theme of tourism activities should be as novel, attractive and inspiring as possible. This needs to combine the characteristics of tourist attractions and the purpose of activities to test the foundation of planners! A good theme can make participants look forward to it!
Second, the choice of tourist spots or theme activities must be suitable for the preferences of participants. According to the age, gender and cultural quality of the participants, the survey can also be organized in advance to listen to the wishes of the participants. Young people like picnics, barbecues and other themed activities, while old people like sightseeing and group dancing.
Third, in the process of traveling, it is necessary to properly organize team games, competitions and other prize-winning activities, which will help team members strengthen communication, enliven the atmosphere and improve team cohesion. Therefore, such activities should be planned with emphasis.
Fourth, the organization and coordination personnel are adequately equipped. When there are more participants, teams can be grouped by different levels. You know, it is no problem for one person to organize and lead 5-8 people. If there are more than eight people, it will be a bit overwhelming.
5. Tourism planning scheme
Travel plan is mainly composed of six elements: food, shelter, entertainment, shopping and transportation. For example, if it is a leisure tour, it is necessary to live mainly. In the plan, the characteristics of hotels or homestays are reflected to travelers as the highlights of travel, that is to say, if there are themes and surprises, travelers will look forward to them and leave a deep impression on their travels.
If it is a regular tour, you need to extract the essence from six aspects, such as accommodation, focusing on factors such as good location, good facilities and convenient transportation. Other aspects and so on.
6. What are the itinerary plans for planning a trip?
The main contents of ecological planning of tourist attractions include the following:
1. Determining the goal of ecological planning The goal of ecological planning for scenic spots is embodied in three aspects: First, the goal of natural resources is to preserve the overall ecological value, the basic characteristics of existing resources and the ability to recover from human activities. The specific contents include protecting, maintaining and improving the quality of surface water and groundwater; Preserve, protect and improve the diversity of animals and plants and their habitats; Protect the quality of natural scenery. Secondly, the goal of human resources is to maintain and improve historical and cultural resources. The specific contents include maintaining the traditional lifestyle that is related and coordinated with the overall ecological value of the planning area; Preservation and protection of historical and cultural resources; Explore the elements of historical and cultural resources. Third, the development goal is to adjust the development of tourism and make it coordinated with the protection of the overall ecological and cultural values of scenic spots. For example, only projects that can promote development are allowed in designated future development areas, and only tourist reception facilities are allowed in designated areas.
2. The purpose of ecological investigation is to collect the natural, social, demographic and economic data of the planning area, so as to provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the ecological process, ecological potential and constraints of the planning area. The ecological investigation of scenic spots can be completed through field investigation, historical investigation, public participation in social investigation and remote sensing investigation. The contents of natural environment investigation include topography, geomorphology, hydrology, climate, vegetation, wildlife, land use status and so on. The contents of the humanities survey include local history, culture, socio-economic culture and geographical characteristics. The investigation and analysis of social factors is to determine the economic level of the region where the tourist attractions are located, as well as the economic development level and radiation distance of the nearest central city, economic belt and economic zone. This plays a key role in determining the development scale of tourist attractions.
3. Eco-tourism product planning With the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, American tourism products increasingly emphasize ecological models, including ecological themes, ecological entertainment and ecological artistic expression. There are ecological mazes (flower mazes, fruit and vegetable mazes, wetland mazes, waterscape mazes, forest mazes, etc.). ).), forest oxygen bar and forest bathing place, big tree house, earth art, hanging garden, etc. Combine ecological landscaping with ecological recreation, use green plants for landscaping, and use green plants for recreation projects to create a green environment recreation model.
4. Application of ecological technology in scenic spot planning Ecological technology includes the application of ecological materials, the configuration of native plants, the application of low-energy technology, green plant environment, environmental protection materials and technologies, etc. It is especially important for scenic spot planning.
5. Ecological suitability analysis Ecological suitability analysis is the core of ecological planning. Its purpose is to apply the principles and methods of ecology, economics, geosciences and other related disciplines to determine the suitability and restriction of landscape types for a certain purpose, classify the suitability grades of scenic resources and environment, and put forward suggestions on land use in scenic tourism development.
On the basis of ecological suitability analysis, those areas that are ecologically sensitive, unique in landscape, suitable for maintaining the original appearance and not suitable for artificial construction interference are accurately set as protected areas; Some are a little insensitive and the scenery is good, so
Due to the different markets, national conditions and development history of Chinese and foreign travel agencies, there are certain differences in marketing management.
(1) Comparison of Marketing Concepts of Travel Agencies
In terms of marketing concept, there are obvious differences between Chinese and foreign travel agencies due to historical reasons. The marketing concept of western travel agencies is deeply influenced by its mature market economy and has experienced the whole development and evolution process of marketing from traditional marketing concept to modern marketing concept. In the market competition, they firmly established the concept of marketing strategy and global marketing, and the progress of the concept strongly supported their competitiveness in the market. Affected by the late start of tourism, especially the planned economy, the marketing of American travel agencies in China is still in the initial stage of development. Although China draws on many western marketing theories and experiences, due to the imperfect market development and other factors, most of their marketing concepts are in the process of changing from traditional marketing concepts to new marketing concepts, and some travel agencies don't even have traditional marketing concepts. Comparatively speaking, establishing and updating the marketing concept should be one of the efforts of China Travel Agency.
(2) Comparison of marketing strategies of travel agencies.
Different product strategies. In terms of product strategy, Chinese and American travel agencies undertake the function of product production, first selling abroad and then selling at home, with a single product category; Generally speaking, western travel agencies do not undertake the function of product production. They sell their products at home first and then sell them abroad. There are many kinds of products, including ready-made series of tourism products, temporary product demand and even personalized service designed according to tourists.
Channel strategies are different. In the west, travel agencies support nearly 90% of sales, and tourism retailers are chained, specialized and technical. American travel agencies in China are both organizers and receptionists (figuratively called travel agencies and receptionists), and they mainly enter the international market through indirect channels.
Different pricing strategies. Chinese and foreign travel agencies are basically the same in cost, competitive demand, exchange rate and inflation, but there are great differences in pricing technology. Our travel agencies basically adopt the cost-plus pricing process, while western travel agencies make flexible pricing according to changes in market supply and demand. Under the influence of the government on prices, there are also great differences between China and western countries.
Different promotion strategies. The promotion strategy of western travel agencies is customer-centered, targeted marketing and encouraging all-staff marketing; But China's promotion strategy: American travel agencies pay more attention to the international market than the domestic market, and tend to pay more attention to middlemen than tourists. The means of communication depends on advertising, competition depends on price reduction, and the promotion form is single and the promotion level is low.
From the above comparison, we can see that although there are similarities and great differences between Chinese and foreign travel agencies in marketing, it also shows that there are great shortcomings in the marketing of travel agencies in China. Facing the future market competition, we must effectively improve our marketing ability.
2. Comparison of tourism marketing development between China and foreign countries
Compared with western tourism, the development level of tourism in China and the United States is higher than that in China and the United States. Accordingly, the marketing level of China and the United States lags behind that of the West, and there is a big gap. In the rapid development of western tourism, it has gone through the same process as the material product industry. From the early stage of capitalist development to the present, it has experienced the evolution of marketing concepts such as production concept, product concept, marketing concept and social marketing concept. The application of marketing in tourism has also developed to a higher level.
China's American tourism started late, developed in an all-round way in the 1980s, and reached its first climax in the mid-1980s. Due to the sharp increase in the number of international tourists, the tourism industry is facing unprecedented fierce competition. In this context, travel agency S's own active sales behavior began to appear, and marketing was formally introduced into tourism. Especially in the late 1990s, there was an oversupply situation in the tourism market, and the conscious management market of travel agencies moved from awakening to maturity. The viewpoint and method of comprehensive marketing began to be recognized by travel agencies, the traditional sales marketing became more mature, and the market behavior of travel agencies also changed from simple sales behavior to marketing behavior. Travel agencies began to investigate, study and forecast the market demand, design white-striped products, adjust the product structure, determine the realistic daily market and promotion strategy, predict the future potential market, carry out early market cultivation, take care of tourists' reflection and treatment of the quality of tourism products, and do a good job in after-sales service.
3. Comparison of marketing strategies
Influenced by the perfect marketing theory and market environment, the development of marketing strategy in western tourism marketing management has been quite perfect. In terms of product strategy, the production function is clear, the product subject is clear, the development model is from domestic to foreign, the product types are diverse, and the product serialization and personalization are outstanding; In terms of channel strategy, the western region has formed a complete four-level system, with channels supporting each other and networks communicating with each other; In terms of price strategy, the pricing foundation is solid (depending on market supply and demand), travel agencies have strong autonomy, relatively few interference factors, little dependence on policies, diversified product price forms, large customer choice space and strong price competitiveness; In the promotion strategy, the promotion strategy is designed around customers, and the marketing is highly targeted. Coupled with the huge financial support and the promotion of all-staff marketing, promotion has become the driving force for the success of travel agencies.
In a word, although tourism marketing in China and the United States started late, it has developed rapidly in recent years and performed well in both domestic and international markets on the basis of successfully learning from western progressive marketing theories and experiences. However, as far as the overall development level of marketing is concerned, there is still a big gap between China and the West. In terms of products, the production and marketing functions are unclear, product development is slow, innovation is insufficient, and product types are single. Sightseeing still occupies half of the product market. In terms of product price, the decision-making method is still based on the cost-plus process, with many interference factors and low coordination between price adjustment and market demand. In the channel strategy, too much reliance on intermediaries, direct sales channels have not been well utilized and developed. In terms of promotion, the form is single, the advertising promotion means are over-dependent, and the competitive tendency of price reduction needs to be further overcome.
Through the comparative analysis of Chinese and foreign tourism marketing, although there are still some shortcomings between China and the West, American tourism marketing has begun to develop rapidly in all aspects. With the support of China, rich tourism resources, increasingly relaxed development policies and sufficient human resources, the development of tourism marketing in China and the United States and even the whole tourism industry is just around the corner.
(B) International Tourism market portfolio Strategy
Product strategy of international tourism market
(1) Similarities and differences
There are two kinds of tourists: domestic tourists and international tourists. Due to the differences in cultural traditions and living environment, there are great differences between these two different types of tourists in aesthetic taste, values, ways of thinking and codes of conduct. These relatively stable social concepts permeate their psychological quality, dominate their thoughts and actions, and make them have obvious differences in the value judgment and consumption preference of tourism products.
The reason why tourists spend a lot of money to go abroad for sightseeing is to appreciate the exotic atmosphere, experience the customs of other nationalities and enjoy the exotic atmosphere.
Doing a good job in tourism product mix is an important product strategy in the international tourism market. When developing international tourism products, it is very important to adhere to the principle of market orientation and redesign, and plan and combine tourism products without changing tourism products, so as to meet the needs of tourists more effectively. There are two ways: one is to use the existing basic scenic spots in China, or to combine some of them with the same aesthetic style or similar nature to form a special tourism product. For example, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand launched in China in recent years all adopt this combination method. Another method is to combine some contrasting tourist attractions or projects to form another tourist product with two or one scenic spot.
(3) adjust measures to local conditions
The prison area is vast, and under the control of regional differences in the local environment, it has formed a rich and colorful natural landscape; China is also an ancient cultural country with a long history of 5,000 years and rich cultural heritage. Terracotta warriors and horses, the ancient Great Wall, etc. It is an irreplaceable advantage of tourism resources in the world. To develop international tourism, we should make use of these advantages according to local conditions.
(4) colorful
In recent years, China's tourism product structure is still dominated by sightseeing and business tourism, accounting for more than 2/3 of the total tourism products, and other tourism products are insufficient 1/3. The single form of tourism products greatly restricts the market attraction of China and the tourism products of the United States. Moreover, sightseeing, vacation and business travel only stay in the surface development of resources, which affects the value-added ability of tourism products. Therefore, it is imperative to further develop sightseeing, vacation and business tourism and constantly develop new tourism products.
At present, China and the United States spend about $4.2 billion annually on international business travel, accounting for 65,438+07% of the Asian business travel market. If domestic business travel expenditure is added, the total market expenditure is about 200 billion yuan. The Olympic Games to be held in China in 2008 and the World Expo in 20 10 will create huge development space for the business travel market in China and the United States. The sense of smell of capital is undoubtedly the most sensitive. American Express, Rosenbruce and other major professional business travel service companies have set foot in China business travel market in various forms. At present, the most urgent problem in the field of business tourism in China is to cultivate professional business tourism companies.
In addition, efforts should be made to develop new tourism products, such as culture, leisure, education, transportation, exploration, ecology, festivals, health preservation and themes. It should be continuously introduced to increase the market attraction of China to American tourism products. 2. International tourism market pricing strategy
(l) National price strategy
In the pricing decision of international tourism marketing, the travel agency must first decide whether the product price is consistent with other parts of the world, or whether to set different prices according to different situations in different countries. The implementation of unified pricing by travel agencies is conducive to establishing a unified image of products in the world, formulating a unified market positioning strategy and controlling the whole marketing activities. However, due to the differences in price competition, exchange rate and taxation, it is more suitable for different countries to implement differential pricing. What kind of pricing strategy the travel agency adopts depends on the following situations: the daily standard of the travel agency. If the marketing objectives of travel agencies in different countries are the same, unified pricing should be adopted; However, if the marketing objectives of travel agencies in different countries are different, differential pricing should be adopted.
Competitive conditions. If the competitive position of tourism products in different national markets is the same, a unified pricing strategy can be adopted; On the contrary, differential pricing strategy can be adopted.
Life cycle of tourism products. If tourism products are in the same life cycle stage in all countries, travel agencies should adopt a unified pricing strategy; Instead, we should adopt a differential pricing strategy.
Sales channels. If different countries have the same sales channel structure and efficiency, they should adopt a unified pricing strategy. If not, in countries with better distribution channel structure and efficiency, the price should be set lower.
Price strategy when exchange rate rises. The rise of RMB exchange rate means the appreciation of RMB, which is equivalent to the increase of foreign exchange price of products, thus increasing sales income; At the same time, a stable RMB will reduce the cost of tourism products, and the combined effect of the two will increase the sales profit of tourism products. At this time, you can choose RMB as a quotation to increase your income, and you can also lower the price of your products to attract more tourists. Price strategy when exchange rate falls. The decline of RMB exchange rate means the depreciation of RMB, which means the increase of product cost. At this time, either foreign currency quotation is used to increase income, or RMB quotation is used to attract more tourists.
3. International tourism market channel strategy
The traditional sales channel is a loose network composed of travel suppliers, travel wholesalers and travel retailers. Channel members operate independently and are responsible for their own profits and losses. When they contact, they mainly bargain and negotiate the terms of sale. In recent years, the sales channel system has gradually developed into a joint channel system, with one channel member leading, organizing and controlling the whole channel system. By strengthening the cooperation among channel members, the profits of the whole channel system can be improved. Channel alliance can be divided into vertical alliance and horizontal alliance.
(l) Vertical joint sales channels
Vertical sales channel is a complete and unified channel system composed of travel suppliers, travel wholesalers and travel retailers. There are two types of vertical joint sales system: one is the vertical joint sales system of company bars. Second, the contractual vertical joint sales system. Third, the management-oriented vertical joint sales system. (2) Horizontal joint sales channels
Horizontal joint sales channel is a short-term or long-term joint operation of two or more tourism suppliers, wholesalers or retailers in the same link, or they unite to form a new business unit, which is called horizontal joint sales channel. This channel can improve the efficiency of advertising, market research and other work.
4. Promotion strategy of international tourism market
(l) Advertising promotion strategy
Travel agencies generally have two choices to advertise international tourism: one is to advertise by the advertising department within the travel agency; The other is to entrust an advertising agency to handle advertising business. Due to the differences in language, education, cultural level, customs and government regulations in international tourism advertisements, it is easy to obtain the expected results by entrusting local advertising agents. When choosing an advertising company, we should consider the following questions: the background of the advertising company. The nature of advertising agency, the present situation of advertising business, development history and development, company personnel and customers, business purpose and mode, etc.
Ability and experience of advertising companies.
The reputation of an advertising company. Including the cooperation between advertising companies and customers, the company's working attitude and mental outlook towards employees, and the impression and evaluation of customers and the public on the company. (2) Promotion strategy
In some countries, promotional activities will be restricted. The laws of some countries stipulate that promotion activities can only be carried out with permission, and some countries have strict restrictions on the discount rate of wholesale and retail transactions, and so on. Travel agencies should know these restrictions or regulations in advance when promoting sales in the international tourism market.
(3) Marketing public relations strategy
The public facing international marketing public relations are in different countries and regions, with different social and cultural backgrounds, and their languages, customs and lifestyles are very different. Therefore, when formulating the international tourism marketing strategy, we should pay attention to the following issues:
Understand the attitude of foreign public towards travel agencies and tourism products, as well as the economic, political and social conditions of source countries.
Understand and make good use of the news media frequently contacted by foreign public. Because the news media is the most commonly used and effective way of marketing public relations communication.
Let the information you spread conform to the language, culture and customs of foreign public from content to form, and let them accept it.
Support and sponsor local social development according to the needs and possibilities of travel agencies.
The marketing environment of international tourism market personnel is much more complicated than that of domestic tourism market personnel, so the requirements for personnel are much higher. In the field of international tourism marketing, salesmen can choose their own people, or they can choose salesmen from countries where the market is located and other countries.
enlist
Recruitment is the basis of personnel sales. Sales personnel engaged in international tourism marketing should not only have all the qualifications of domestic sales personnel, but also have the ability of decisive decision-making, market research and cultural adaptation.
cultivate
When training travel agency salesmen, domestic business