There are many types of poisonous wild mushrooms
According to statistics, there are more than 4,000 types of wild mushrooms in my country, of which more than 900 have edible value, such as the oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, fungus, etc. that we usually eat. Most of them are artificially cultivated after artificial domestication, but there are also some delicious ones. Edible fungi, such as porcini, matsutake, lactotrophus, truffles, etc., because they grow with trees, cannot be cultivated artificially at present and can only be collected from the wild.
Among more than 4,000 kinds of wild mushrooms, more than 400 are poisonous. Due to different types, the toxins they contain are also different, so the symptoms after poisoning are also different. In my country, common types of related poisoning symptoms can be divided into liver damage type, kidney damage type, rhabdomyolysis type, hemolytic type, gastroenteritis type, neuropsychiatric type and photoallergic dermatitis type, among which the first four types can cause death. .
There are so many types of wild mushrooms, is there any way for us to directly tell which ones are poisonous and which ones are edible? the answer is negative. Wild mushrooms have different shapes. It is difficult for us to distinguish whether wild mushrooms are poisonous or not with the naked eye. Experts can only know what kind of mushroom they are through classification and identification.
But it is worth noting that there is one type of wild mushroom that must not be eaten lightly, and that is the Amanita mushroom. Amanita is the most common type of poisonous mushrooms and causes the most poisoning deaths. The appearance characteristics of this type of mushroom are: wearing a hat on the head (referring to the cap), a skirt around the waist (referring to the ring of bacteria), and feet Also wear shoes (referring to having fungus holders).”
Five Mistakes to Avoid
Some people are very confident when collecting wild mushrooms, thinking that they can judge whether the collected mushrooms are safe to eat based on experience and some folk identification methods. However, practice has proven that these folk identification methods are often incorrect. There are five common folk misunderstandings in identifying poisonous mushrooms:
Myth 1: Brightly colored mushrooms are poisonous, while light-colored mushrooms are not poisonous.
It is not advisable to rely on color alone to tell whether a mushroom is poisonous. Because many species of wild mushrooms, such as Boletus, Russula, and Chanterelle, are brightly colored and delicious edible mushrooms; the red and yellow Amanita in the Amanita genus, which has the most poisonous mushroom species, The color is also very bright, but it is also a delicious edible mushroom. Most of the highly poisonous mushrooms, such as the highly poisonous species in the genus Amanita, such as Amanita ash, Amanita deadly, Amanita cracked, Amanita sibirica, etc., as well as the sub-red mushrooms in the genus Russulas , all of which are pure white or gray in color, but these species are precisely the main species that cause death due to accidental ingestion of wild mushrooms in our country.
Myth 2: If mushrooms are cooked with garlic, rice, silverware, porcelain tiles, etc., they will turn black and become poisonous. If they do not change color, they are non-toxic.
There are many types of mushroom toxins. It is currently known that the toxins of highly poisonous mushrooms do not react with garlic, rice, silverware, porcelain tiles, etc. It has been experimentally verified that several highly poisonous mushrooms in my country do not turn these substances black.
Myth 3: Mushrooms that are infested with insects and maggots are not poisonous.
Many insects and animals absorb and function toxins differently from humans. The highly toxic Amanita fungi can easily produce insects and maggots after they mature and rot. Even if they are fed to mice, the mice will not die.
Myth 4: Mushrooms that are injured, discolored or have secretions are poisonous.
Discoloration of injured mushrooms or the discharge of milk is a characteristic of many families and genera such as Boletaceae and Russulaceae, but many species of Boletaceae and Russulaceae are edible. Therefore, you cannot judge whether a mushroom is poisonous based on injury, discoloration or secretions.