Teaching Design of "Wonderful Cloning" —— Teaching Goal
1. Accumulate words and master the pronunciation, shape and meaning of words such as "cyst, clone, embryo, toad, scale, spine, amphibian"; Understand the meaning of "multiply" and learn to use it.
2. Understand the scientific knowledge about cloning.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
1. Learn about cloning and the trends of cloning research.
2. Make clear the interpretation order of this article and master the interpretation methods used in this article.
3. Try to understand the language and understand the scientific nature of the explanatory text.
teaching process
First, guide the design.
Design (1)
Recently, many domestic media reprinted an amazing news reported by foreign media: a group of scientific lunatics manipulated by cult organizations are conducting a secret human cloning experiment in the depths of the desert in Nevada, USA. According to the same principle that British scientists created Dolly, the world's first cloned sheep, they extracted cells from an American baby girl who died in February this year and cloned them. (From Wen Wei Po, 2000. 1 1) After the news was published, cloning technology and a series of problems it brought became the focus of discussion again. Today, let's walk into the wonderful cloning world together and look at this problem with a rational eye. (written on the blackboard)
Design (2)
In The Journey to the West, the Monkey King has a jaw-dropping feat: once he fought fiercely with demons, he tore off a handful of monkey hair from his body and blew out a large group of little monkeys to take part in the battle. This is of course a myth, but today's science can achieve a similar "miracle", which is "wonderful cloning". How can cloning be so powerful? Let's listen to the geneticist's explanation.
Second, read the text aloud and grasp the meaning of the text as a whole.
Students read the text independently, and teachers design and think questions to guide students to read independently.
Multimedia display:
1. Add some words below.
Cyst embryo toad? Spine? amphibian
2. Explain the following words and make sentences with them.
Diverse
Live in harmony with each other
3. What is cloning? Please sum it up in your own words. -
4. What knowledge did Cloned Crucian Carp and Dolly the Cloned Sheep introduce to us respectively? Why did the birth of cloned sheep cause a "sensation" in the world?
5. In what ways does the text say that cloning technology benefits mankind?
Students read the text quickly, read it in groups at different times, and then the group leader speaks on behalf of the group and gives it to the class. Flow.
The teacher made a concluding speech, and the winning group was the one with the shortest duration and more accurate summary.
Clear:1.ná n pē i tā i chá n chú j ǐ zhu and q:.
2. Reproduction (y m 4 n): gradually increase or expand.
Peaceful coexistence: there is no conflict in getting along.
3. Cloning is a new biotechnology of asexual reproduction.
4. Before and after the Birth of Cloned Crucian Carp summarizes the development of cloning technology, introduces the cloning experiments and experimental progress carried out by Chinese and foreign scientists, and focuses on the research achievements and contributions of China scientists in cloning experiments.
Dolly the Cloned Sheep describes the birth process of Dolly in detail and reveals the great significance and great response of the success of cloned sheep.
The birth of cloned sheep caused a sensation in the world, mainly because it marked a new progress and a major breakthrough in cloning research. "This result proves that the so-called highly differentiated cells that perform special functions and have specific forms in animals have the same potential to develop into complete individuals as fertilized eggs. In other words, animal cells are as totipotent as plant cells. " This breakthrough means that it can not only benefit mankind, but also harm mankind.
5. The text mainly writes that cloning technology benefits mankind from three aspects. First, cloning can effectively breed "high value-added livestock"; Second, cloning can be used to save rare animals; Third, cloning is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of human diseases and the extension of life span.
Third, sort out the interpretation order of the article, analyze the interpretation methods used in this article, and realize the orderly and scientific interpretation of the article.
Students read the text intensively, and teachers design thinking questions to guide students to read.
Multimedia display:
1. What is the order of the four parts of the article? Can you change the order?
2. In the first part of the article, what explanation methods does the author use to explain "what is cloning"?
3. What is the interpretation order of the second part of the article "Before and after the birth of cloned crucian carp"? What are the advantages of this arrangement?
4. The third part "Dolly the Cloned Sheep" introduces the birth process of Dolly, and what kind of explanation sequence is adopted?
Students think independently and answer independently. If there is anything wrong, please choose other students to supplement or correct me.
Cleared: 1. This paper first writes about the significance of cloning, then writes about cloning experiments, then writes about the development of cloning, and finally writes about the benefits that cloning brings to human beings and rational thinking about cloning. The full text uses logical order to explain things, step by step, step by step.
2. In order to explain "what is cloning", the author adopts three methods: example, explanation and quotation. Example: Give familiar examples such as grape branches, cacti, strawberries, etc. , and make difficult scientific knowledge concise and easy to understand. Explanation: Trace the origin of the word cloning and explain it. Quotation: The Journey to the West's story of pulling a monkey hair into a large group of monkeys vividly illustrates what cloning is all about.
3. The second part of the article adopts chronological order. The subtitle "Before and after the birth of cloned crucian carp" shows that this part is arranged in chronological order, which is convenient to outline the development of cloning technology.
4. The third part of the article, Dolly the Cloned Sheep, arranges the materials in chronological order. There are iconic words in the article for analysis, such as "How did Dolly's sheep' create'? ... first ... at the same time ... after the operation ... and then ... last July. .........................................................................................................................................
Teachers evaluate students' communication and correct improper points.
Teacher's Tip: Regarding the order of the second part, we should consider the following contents: There are two clues in the first section, one is from "cloning experiment" in China to "cloning experiment" abroad, and the other is from fish, amphibians to mammals. From this point of view, the judgment about "time series" is inaccurate.
So, what are the advantages of this arrangement? The first clue highlights the achievements and contributions of scientists in China in cloning research. The second clue shows that scientific research is a process of continuous exploration and exploration, which embodies the pursuit spirit of scientists. At the same time, it also provided a scientific basis for the birth of "Dolly the Cloned Sheep" and paved the way for writing.
Fourth, try to figure out the language and experience the rigorous and realistic scientific attitude of scientists.
Students, there is no smooth road to science. Scientific knowledge, exquisite science and technology, rigorous and realistic scientific attitude, perseverance and never-say-die scientific spirit are the basis for Kehai to travel. Please find out the sentences that can show the rigorous, realistic and persistent attitude and spirit of scientists, and experience them carefully.
Health 1: "The cells in the blastocyst stage of crucian carp are cultured artificially. After continuous subculture for 385 days and 59 generations, the nucleus was sucked out of the cultured cells with a glass tube with a diameter of about 10 micron under the microscope. "
Health 2: "1, out of 89 eggs, only two hatched fry, and finally only one young fish survived the difficulties. After more than 80 days of cultivation, it grew into an 8 cm long crucian carp."
Health 3: "After hundreds of gray, black and white operations, the white mouse finally gave birth to three little gray mice."
Health 4: "After 247 failures, they got a cloned ewe named Dolly in July 1996. ?
……
Choose two students to talk about their experiences.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Students are free to ask questions, question and dispel doubts.
The focus of students' argument lies in the last paragraph of the article. The article wrote: "The discussion about' human cloning' reminds people that scientific and technological progress is a March of mixed feelings. The more science and technology develop, the wider and deeper it penetrates into society, and the more likely it is to cause many related ethical, moral and legal problems. "
How to understand this passage? Teachers guide students to think from the following aspects:
1. Science is a double-edged sword, which can not only benefit mankind, but also harm mankind, and the speed and degree of science benefiting mankind and harming mankind are increasing simultaneously, such as the discovery and utilization of nuclear;
2. The development of science is getting closer and closer to human beings from nature, and it touches human ethics, morality, law and human mind more and more deeply, such as human cloning;
3. Scientific development will also lead to the change and renewal of human morality and ethics. How to establish and improve the ethical values of modern society, so that it can not only guide the development of science and technology, but also adapt to the progress of science and technology, and rationally and morally use the sword of science to benefit mankind will be a problem that modern society must explore and face.
Students express their opinions.
Teachers can remind students to look for information and improve their views after class.
The second teaching goal of "wonderful cloning" teaching design
1. Master the new words and phrases in the text.
2. Understand the content of the text and the knowledge about "cloning".
3. Cultivate students' persistent scientific attitude and scientific spirit of seeking truth and innovation.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Cultivate students' perseverance and oral communication skills.
teaching process
Introduction of new lesson
Design intention: Make use of the Journey to the West that students are interested in, and lead to the object of explanation-cloning.
Everyone is familiar with The Journey to the West, among which the Monkey King has a unique skill that we envy-he often tears off a handful of monkey hair from his body at critical moments and turns into a large group of monkeys like him. Of course, this is just a wonderful description under the wonderful imagination of Wu Cheng'en, a great writer in the Ming Dynasty. But this kind of imagination has become possible today, and this is cloning. Today, we will explore the wonderful field of cloning together.
Class record
First, the overall perception of the text.
Design intention: It is naturally led out by the "introduction" before the text, so that students can read the text and make clear the relationship between the parts of the text.
1. Master new words.
Reproduction? Toad? Balance? Spine? On the verge? Cloning? Embryo? Peace and security? Never reach the finish line
1. Explain these words.
Reproduction: To increase or expand gradually.
Peaceful coexistence: live in peace with each other without disputes and conflicts.
3. Introduction to the author.
Tan Jiazhen, a native of Ningbo, Zhejiang, is an internationally renowned geneticist, one of the founders of modern genetics in China, and an outstanding scientist and educator. He trained a large number of outstanding talents for China's genetic research. He used to be dean of the School of Science of Zhejiang University and vice president of Fudan University. After the founding of New China, he established China's first genetics major, the first genetics research institute and the first life science college at Fudan University, and served as the deputy editor of China's oversize comprehensive dictionary Da Ci Hai.
Second, summarize the content of the article and understand the cloning knowledge.
Design intention: Understand the knowledge of cloning and review the application of explanation methods.
1. Displays the searched data.
What animals and plants in nature are born with the ability to clone?
Clear: Begonia leaves take root, bamboo cuttings survive, potatoes and sweet potatoes sprout and grow, and various fruits and vegetables, rice and wheat are grafted. Hydra usually reproduce asexually except in early summer and late autumn, that is, buds grow on the body.
2. What is cloning?
Clear: Any asexual offspring population from ancestors is also called cloning.
3. Find out the similarities between animals and plants that are naturally capable of cloning?
Clear: All living things reproduce by splitting themselves in two or expanding a small part of themselves.
4. What explanation methods did the author use when introducing "What is cloning"?
Clarity: examples, definitions, explanations and figures.
Third, read the key paragraphs of the text carefully and explain the order clearly.
Design intention: Experience the organization and scientificity of the explanatory text.
1. What is the order of the four parts of the article?
Clear: first write the meaning of cloning, then write the experiment of cloning, then write the development of cloning, and finally write the benefits of cloning to human beings and the thinking of cloning. Use four subheadings to make the full text clear and coherent.
2. The second part describes the cloning experiment. Why use two clues to arrange materials?
Clear: The author did not introduce the "cloning" experiment in chronological order, but organized the materials with two clues: one was based on Chinese and foreign scientific experiments, highlighting the research achievements and contributions of China scientists in cloning experiments; One is to arrange materials according to the experimental objects, that is, fish, amphibians and mammals, so as to understand the development of cloning technology.
3. What is the explanation order of the section "Cloned crucian carp before and after birth"? Why not write in chronological order? What are the advantages of this arrangement in this article?
Clear: in biological order. The order from low to high accords with human cognitive law. Besides, asexual reproduction belongs to low-level reproduction. The more advanced animals and plants, the more difficult it is to reproduce asexually. This order shows that cloning technology is developing continuously.
4. In the third part, what kind of explanation order was adopted in Dolly's birth? What's the point?
Clear: chronological order is adopted. The birth of Dolly marks a new progress and a major breakthrough in cloning research, and this achievement proves that the so-called highly differentiated cells with specific forms in animals have the same potential to develop into complete individuals as fertilized eggs. In other words, animal cells are as omnipotent as plant cells.
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloning technology for human beings?
Design intention: Understand the advantages and disadvantages brought by technology.
The subtitle of the last part of the text is "Cloning technology benefits mankind". What do you think of the benefits of cloning technology for human beings? What do you think of this problem?
1. The text writes that cloning technology benefits mankind from three aspects: first, cloning can effectively breed "high value-added livestock"; Second, cloning can be used to save rare animals; Third, cloning is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of human diseases and the extension of life span.
2. The author is not immersed in blind optimism, but puts forward a cold reflection on the moral and ethical issues involved in "cloning" at the end.
It is futile to stop scientific progress, and the exploration of science into unknown fields is an inevitable trend of historical development, and mankind will eventually make progress.
Summary after class
Science is like a double-edged sword, which can benefit and harm mankind. Moreover, the extent to which science benefits and harms mankind is increasing simultaneously, such as the invention of gunpowder and the discovery and utilization of nuclear technology. The development of science is moving from nature to human beings, and it touches human ethics, morality, law and human mind more and more deeply. This requires the establishment of a new moral and legal system in human beings to meet the needs of social development.
The third teaching goal of "wonderful cloning" teaching design
1. Understand the scientific knowledge about cloning, learn to filter information and improve the reading ability of popular science.
2. Make clear the interpretation order of this article, master the interpretation methods used, and realize the accuracy of the interpretation language.
3. Cultivate a rigorous and realistic scientific attitude and establish a correct scientific outlook.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Key points: make clear the interpretation order of this article and master the interpretation methods used in this article.
Difficulties: clarify the explanation order of "before and after the birth of cloned crucian carp" and understand the reasons for this arrangement. Understanding of the last paragraph of the article.
teaching tool
Multimedia and blackboard writing
teaching process
First, the import link.
(A) the introduction of new topics on the blackboard
Introduction: In the Journey to the West, the Monkey King had an amazing stunt: once he fought fiercely with demons, pulled out a pinch of monkey hair from his body and blew out a large group of little monkeys to take part in the battle. This is of course a myth, but today's science can achieve a similar "miracle", which is "wonderful cloning". How can cloning be so powerful? Let's listen to the geneticist's explanation.
(B) Show learning objectives
1. Want to know the scientific knowledge about cloning, learn to filter information and improve the reading ability of popular science.
2. I can sort out the interpretation order of this article, master the interpretation methods used and appreciate the accuracy of the interpretation language.
I want to learn from the rigorous, realistic and persistent spirit of scientists and establish a correct scientific outlook.
Transition: Students, let's follow the footsteps of scientists and explore the mystery of "cloning" with a goal.
Second, learn first.
(A) produce self-study guidance
1. Get to know the author and sketch key information with the help of after-class notes and reference books.
2. Read the text quickly, mark the words you think you need to remember with a red pen, find out the words you don't know or understand, look them up in the dictionary or ask others for help after reading the text.
Thinking:
What is (1) cloning? Please sum it up in your own words.
(2) What knowledge did The Cloned Crucian Carp Before and After Birth and Dolly the Cloned Sheep introduce to us respectively?
(3) From what aspects did the text write that cloning technology benefits mankind?
(B) self-study test feedback
Requirements: Complete the self-study test questions on the study plan, write carefully and standardize, do not scribble, check one by one, and correct mistakes with red pen.
1. Pay attention to the bold words below.
Capsule ()? Embryo ()? Toad () () spine (? )( ? ) ? Amphibian (? )
Reproductive ()? Hatching () is on the verge of ()? Crucian carp ()? Nucleus ()
Gland()？ Protease ()
2. Answer the three questions raised in the self-study guide 3 orally.
Cue: 1.náng pēi？ chán chújǐZhu qiq yǎn fū？ bīn？ jì？ hé？ xiàn？ Mayi
2.
(1) cloning is a new biotechnology of asexual reproduction.
(2) Before and after the Birth of Cloned Crucian Carp summarizes the development of cloning technology, introduces the cloning experiments and experimental progress carried out by Chinese and foreign scientists, and focuses on the research achievements and contributions of Chinese scientists in cloning experiments.
Dolly the Cloned Sheep describes the birth process of Dolly in detail and reveals the great significance and great response of the success of cloned sheep.
(3) The text mainly writes that cloning technology benefits mankind from three aspects. First, cloning can effectively breed "high value-added livestock"; Second, cloning can be used to save rare animals; Third, cloning is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of human diseases and the extension of life span.
(3) Questioning and posing difficult problems
Interlanguage: Finding problems is more important than solving them. If you have any questions in your study just now, please ask them for help.
Third, the post-education link.
Interlanguage: This article is clear in organization and context. Then we read the text quickly according to the tips of the study plan, sort out the explanation order adopted in this paper, and find out the explanation methods used. Think independently first, then communicate in the group and prepare to show.
1. What is the order of the four parts of the article? Can you change the order?
2. In the first part of the article, what explanation methods does the author use to explain "what is cloning"?
3. The third part "Dolly the Cloned Sheep" introduces the birth process of Dolly, and what kind of explanation order is adopted?
4. Please find out the sentences that can best express the rigorous, realistic and persistent attitude and spirit of scientists from the text and experience them carefully.
Dial:
1. The article first writes about the significance of cloning, then writes about cloning experiments, then writes about the development of cloning, and finally writes about the benefits that cloning brings to human beings and rational thinking about cloning. The full text uses logical order to explain things, step by step, step by step.
2. In order to explain "what is cloning", the author uses three methods: example, explanation and quotation. Example: Give familiar examples such as grape branches, cacti, strawberries, etc. , and make difficult scientific knowledge concise and easy to understand. Explanation: Trace the origin of the word cloning and explain it. Quotation: The Journey to the West's story of pulling a monkey hair into a large group of monkeys vividly illustrates what cloning is all about.
3. The third part of the article, Dolly the Cloned Sheep, arranges the materials in chronological order. There are iconic words in the article for analysis, such as "How did Dolly's sheep' create'? ... first ... at the same time ... after the operation ... and then ... last July. .........................................................................................................................................
4. Students, there is no smooth road to science, and the broad journey of science and technology depends on profound scientific knowledge, exquisite science and technology, rigorous and realistic scientific attitude, perseverance and never giving up scientific spirit.
Cuddling: "Artificial culture of crucian carp blastocyst cells, continuous subculture for 385 days and 59 generations, and then sucking the nucleus out of the cultured cells with a glass tube with a diameter of about 10 micron under a microscope."
"189 eggs, only two fry hatched, and finally only one young fish survived the difficulties. After more than 80 days of cultivation, it grew into an 8 cm long crucian carp."
"After hundreds of operations such as gray, black and white, the white mouse finally gave birth to three little gray mice."
"After 247 failures, they got a cloned ewe named Dolly in July 1996.
Fourth, the training link.
Fantasy-If you have mastered cloning technology, what do you want to clone most? Why did you clone it?
Requirements: communicate in the group first to see whose ideas are the most exciting, beneficial to human beings and can best reflect their own personality. Then each group recommends a classmate and tells it to the whole class.
Summary after class
This paper reveals the mystery of cloning as a method of asexual reproduction, introduces the development and achievements of cloning research, and reminds people to seriously think about the significance of cloning so that cloning technology can benefit mankind. When the author explains in a certain logical order, he uses a variety of interpretation methods to explain the difficult scientific truth in simple terms, and at the same time, he infiltrates the author's thoughts and feelings into the text. We not only gained scientific knowledge from it, but also got education and enlightenment.
The fourth teaching goal of wonderful clone teaching design
1. Cultivate students' persistent scientific attitude and scientific spirit of seeking truth and innovation.
2. Learn more about instruction sequences and instruction methods.
3. Further cultivate students' learning ability of collecting, screening and using materials.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Understand the content of the text through competition, and on this basis, use the collected cloned materials to debate, so as to cultivate students' perseverance and oral communication ability.
teaching tool
mixed-media
teaching process
(1) What is cloning?
1. Import.
The Monkey King is an artistic image that students like. He can do anything. He often pulls out a handful of monkey hairs at critical moments to create a large group of monkeys. This wonderful description is Wu Cheng'en's idea about cloning. What is the basis of his imagination?
2. Display the searched information.
What animals and plants in nature are born with the ability to clone?
(Show objects and pictures: Begonia leaves take root, bamboo cuttings survive, potatoes and sweet potatoes sprout and grow, and various fruits, vegetables, rice and wheat are grafted. Hydra usually reproduce asexually except in early summer and late autumn, that is, buds grow out of the body. )
3. Find out what cloning is.
(1) Find out the * * similarity of the above-mentioned animals and plants that are naturally capable of cloning, and say what cloning is in your own words? (offspring not produced by the union of germ cells)
(2) Read the first part of the text together and find out the sentences that directly tell us what is "asexual reproduction" and what is "cloning". (Slide: "All living things are divided into two by themselves ... this is asexual reproduction." "Everything originated from ancestors" ... also called "cloning". ")
4. Explain the method.
When introducing "what is cloning", what explanation methods did the author use? (Examples, definitions, explanations, figures)
Any explanation method is to explain the characteristics of things. "Cloning" belongs to cutting-edge scientific knowledge, which is uncommon and difficult for ordinary people to understand. The author lists familiar examples, explains them in detail, and finally defines them in concise, accurate and general language, so that their characteristics are clearly displayed in front of us and we know what cloning is.
(2) the cloned scientific research results
1. Group study (slide show).
Self-study requirements:
(1) self-study "Before and after the birth of cloned crucian carp" and "Dolly the cloned sheep";
(2) Design the description contents, methods and other knowledge in this paper into tables in a certain order to reflect the "cloned scientific research achievements";
(3) Each group sends a representative to give a brief explanation;
(4) Put forward questions that need to be discussed with you.
2. Organize students to discuss the order of instructions.
What is the order of the section "Before and after the birth of cloned crucian carp"? Why not write in chronological order? What are the advantages of this arrangement in this article? (in biological order. The order from low to high accords with human cognitive law. Besides, asexual reproduction belongs to low-level reproduction. The more advanced animals and plants, the more difficult it is to reproduce asexually. This order shows that cloning technology is developing continuously. )
3. Summarize the above contents: (slide show).
"Cloning" and the Scientific Research Achievements of Cloning
Description object
Interpretation order
kind
research results
time
Description method
The explanation method of "analogy" appears in the last part of the article ("A ewe is like a pharmaceutical factory"), which is listed in advance for the completeness of the table.
(3) Cloning technology benefits mankind?
1. Reading thinking.
The subtitle of the last part of the text is "Cloning technology benefits mankind". Please read this section freely and think about whether the title is appropriate. Everyone has a different view, and the book also says that "scientific progress is a sad and joyful March." Now, let's ask both sides with different opinions to focus on "Does cloning technology benefit mankind?" ! "Discuss the debate. )
2. Organize the debate.
The requirements of the debate:
(1) The language is clear, fluent and loud;
(2) The views are clear and the arguments are sufficient;
(3) There should be both "reason" and "courtesy" when refuting the other party's point of view.
3. Teacher's summary.
The students expressed their opinions and put forward many opinions, which may not be profound enough, but they are simple and true. Frankly speaking, my knowledge in this field may not be more advanced than yours, and your speech inspired me. It is futile to stop scientific and technological progress. Scientific exploration of unknown fields is an inevitable trend of historical development, and human beings always have to make progress. The breakthrough of cloning technology caused a sensation in the world. Does it do us more harm than good, or does it do more harm than good? It is still too early to draw a conclusion, but we hope that "cloning technology will benefit mankind" and we expect (show slides) that "many biologists, especially those who are engaged in asexual reproduction research, will seriously consider its significance and start scientific discussions to educate people all over the world." In this text, J.D. Watson, a Nobel Prize winner and a famous molecular biologist, is quoted as the conclusion, which is also the conclusion of our class. Please read this article together.
Third, expand learning after class.
With the help of biology books, we can learn about certain sports and plants, and introduce their characteristics and growth in a certain order by choosing appropriate explanation methods.
Summary after class
Today, we followed the author on a cloning trip. Along the way, under the guidance of the author, we learned a lot of scientific knowledge about cloning that we didn't know before, and we also learned the perseverance of scientists, which are precious wealth on our way to knowledge. I hope the students will try to explore more unknown fields for the benefit of mankind.