The burning of Yuanmingyuan was1August 900 14.
Invaders burned Yuanmingyuan twice in history. The first burning of Yuanmingyuan was in the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, and the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing. The British and French allied forces burned and looted everywhere, savagely looted and burned the world-famous Yuanmingyuan, and most of the temple buildings in the park were destroyed by fire.
The second burning of Yuanmingyuan was in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing and set fire to Yuanmingyuan again, so that the remaining 13 royal palace buildings here were looted and burned again.
1August 90014th, Beijing was completely occupied, and wherever Eight-Nation Alliance went, he killed, set fire to, raped and looted! There are countless treasures stolen and looted from the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and the Summer Palace! Among them, the famous Yuanmingyuan Garden, after the British and French allied forces, was looted and eventually became a ruin.
Is Yuanmingyuan burned in Eight-Nation Alliance?
The Yuanmingyuan was not burned by Eight-Nation Alliance, but burned by the British and French allied forces in 1860. Yuanmingyuan is a large-scale imperial garden in China in the Qing Dynasty, located in Beijing. It is composed of Yuanmingyuan and its attached gardens, Spring Garden and Qichun Garden, and is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens".
Yuanmingyuan was built in 1707, covering an area of 3.5 square kilometers, with a building area of 200,000 square meters and more than 150 scenic spots. It was originally given by Emperor Kangxi to the Emperor's fourth son Yin _. Kangxi inscribed "Yuanmingyuan" for it, and "Yuanming" was the name of Yongzheng. 1722 After Yongzheng acceded to the throne, the original Garden was expanded, and the Zhengda Guangming Hall, Qinzheng Hall and many value rooms of the Cabinet, Sixth Department and military department were built in the south of the Garden, in order to "avoid the noise and listen to politics" here in summer.
18601On October 6th, the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan. Emperor Tongzhi wanted to repair it, but was forced to stop because of financial difficulties. After Eight-Nation Alliance, Yuanmingyuan was destroyed by warlords and hit by bandits, and finally became a ruin. Afterwards, according to the investigation of Qing officials, some buildings of Qingyi Garden in Wanshou Mountain, Jingyi Garden in Xiangshan Mountain and Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain were burned. Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned.
The photos before the destruction of Yuanmingyuan were scary.
The masterpiece of the world is magnificent; Yuanmingyuan is the most brilliant symbol of the whole Qing Dynasty and a miracle in the history of architecture! From Kangxi period to Xianfeng period, it experienced six emperors, and it took about 150 years to continuously repair and improve. 1860, after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing and plundered1500,000 cultural relics, a fire made this "fascinating, like a castle of the sun and the moon" go up in smoke!
Broken walls can't break the shame of the country; Rivers of blood flow endlessly; Jin Ge Tie Ma can't resist foreign guns and iron cannons. Finally, the broken Yuanmingyuan has become a humiliating historical symbol of China's modern history. Without luxurious houses and precious cultural relics, Yuanmingyuan is dead in history!
Every life has its own regrets. It is the regret of everyone that it is invisible before the Yuanmingyuan was destroyed! In order to make up for this regret, Xu Wenrong, a 7 1 year-old man, spent 30 billion yuan to rebuild Yuanmingyuan, which was called "wishful thinking"; Technicians use 3D technology to restore the effect map of Yuanmingyuan according to the architectural drawings of the museum. The magnificent and ingenious building is shocking, but it is not real after all!
The only thing that can give people a glimpse of the most authentic features of Yuanmingyuan at that time is a photo. Before the Yuanmingyuan was burned by fire, an Englishman came here to visit and was deeply shocked by the Yuanmingyuan, which is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". He picked up the camera and recorded the features at that time. Now this photo has become very precious and sold for 200,000 pounds.
In the western suburbs of Beijing, there are endless xiufeng, artesian springs everywhere, and clear lakes, large and small. There are mountains and water here, forming the most beautiful natural scenery. In that year, Daliao built Yuquan Mountain Palace here. In the Ming Dynasty, many dignitaries rushed to build villas here. During the Wanli period, tsinghua campus, the first garden in Beijing, was built by Hou Liwei, a relative of the Ming dynasty.
In the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi also took a fancy to this "peerless treasure", 1709, and wanted to build a garden in such a good place for his fourth son Yin _, and named it "Yuanmingyuan". The meaning of "Yuanming" is: "God, a gentleman is also in the middle; Bright and shining, people are also. " That is to say, a person's quality level is very high.
1724, Yuanmingyuan began its first expansion. Yong Zhengdi put the Ministry of Internal Affairs in charge and took people to the Jehol paddock to cut trees. 1725, he sent people to the Immortal Office to cut stones, and Zhu approved: "There is a slight delay in preparing stones for Changsheng, and it is about to be convicted." This shows how much Yongzheng cares about the yard that his father gave him!
During the Yongzheng period, the pattern of Yuanmingyuan was basically completed, covering an area of about 3,000 mu. After Qianlong succeeded to the throne, the Yuanmingyuan was added, rebuilt and repaired. Later, during the years of Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng, Yuanmingyuan was also being built. Even if the national treasury was empty, the construction of Yuanmingyuan could not be left behind.
Everything in the garden is available. Most of the stones used are white marble, the stone surface is finely carved, the roof is covered with glazed tiles, rockeries, artificial fountains and pavilions are all designed with ingenuity, and there are more than 600 garden buildings, all of which are not the same. At the same time, Yuanmingyuan is a combination of Chinese and western styles, with not only national architecture, but also western landscape and luxurious atmosphere. It is called "Versailles in China"!
1860, the British and French allied forces took away countless treasures, and finally set them on fire. The fire lasted for three days and three nights, and the smoke hung over Beijing for a long time. No matter whether it was a unique garden masterpiece or a priceless painting masterpiece, it was set on fire. The maids, eunuchs and craftsmen inside were too late to escape because of the sudden incident, and 300 of them were killed.
1900, Yuanmingyuan was robbed again. With the demise of the Qing government, from 19 10 to1937, the stone, wood, glazed tiles and other useful things in the park were towed away one after another for the construction of private luxury houses, and even many stone materials were towed away from it every day and then sold out. After decades, there was really nothing left in Yuanmingyuan.
/kloc-more than 0/00 years have passed, and the issue of "repair" and "preservation" of the remains of Yuanmingyuan is still being debated endlessly. Some people argue that history can't be erased, and now the broken remains of Yuanmingyuan should not be repaired to warn future generations; Some people also think that now that the country is strong, we should restore the glory of the former nation and heal this scar. What do you think of this matter?
1900 Second Burning of Yuanmingyuan
Invaders burned Yuanmingyuan twice in history. The first burning of Yuanmingyuan was in the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, and the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing. The British and French allied forces burned and looted everywhere, savagely looted and burned the world-famous Yuanmingyuan, and most of the temple buildings in the park were destroyed by fire.
The second burning of Yuanmingyuan was in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing and set fire to Yuanmingyuan again, so that the remaining 13 royal palace buildings here were looted and burned again.
Extended data
The background of Eight-Nation Alliance s war of aggression against China;
1894 China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, and signed the treaty of shimonoseki with Japan, and China's international status plummeted. Western powers began to covet China's fat meat. /kloc-At the end of 0/9th century, the western powers set off an upsurge to carve up China. With the deepening of the national crisis, China people's struggle against imperialism is growing.
At the same time, with the deepening of war reparations, the people were overwhelmed, which finally led to the Boxer Rebellion. The Qing government was at home and abroad, unable to resist, so the western powers became even more presumptuous, taking advantage of the fish in troubled waters, and attempted to conquer China.
The Influence of Eight-Nation Alliance Burning Yuanmingyuan
It is immeasurable, that is to say, the loss is so great that it can never be made up. This is not only a ruin in China's cultural history, but also the most unbearable scene in modern history.
Yuanmingyuan was destroyed
Even foreigners are indignant at the destruction of Yuanmingyuan. victor hugo, a great French writer, strongly condemned the atrocities committed by the British and French allied forces to burn Yuanmingyuan after the Second Opium War in his Letter to Captain Butler on the Expedition of British and French Allied Forces to China, as Hugo described and criticized:
"One day, two robbers from Europe broke into the Yuanmingyuan. One robber robbed property, and the other robber set fire to the two robbers who will be punished by history. One is called France and the other is called English. "
In fact, not only these two robbers, but also eight robbers followed. Many people have an understanding that Yuanmingyuan was burned by Eight-Nation Alliance, but this understanding is not very accurate. It was the British and French allied forces that set fire to Yuanmingyuan, but Eight-Nation Alliance didn't set fire to it, but they robbed it completely.
At that time, the imperialist robbers destroyed Yuanmingyuan not only to cover up the heinous crimes, but also to destroy such a magnificent, exquisite and magnificent garden according to the orders issued by James Bruce, the commander of the British army at that time. Not only did he not feel sorry, but he proudly declared: "This move will shock China and Europe, and its effect is far beyond the imagination of people thousands of miles away."
Yuanmingyuan value
As a royal garden, Yuanmingyuan first represented the highest level of classical architecture in China at that time. This garden, which was built in 1709, was originally given to the emperor's fourth son Yin _, which was later Yong Zhengdi. After more than 50 years of continuous creation and construction, it covers an area of 3.5 square kilometers and a building area of 200,000 square meters, of which 150 has more scenery, and is known as "a model of all gardening arts".
Secondly, as the royal treasure house, it contains ancient paintings and calligraphy, Zhong Ding jade, gold and silver jewelry, Song and Yuan porcelain, etc. It can be said that all the rare treasures in China can be found in it, similar to the royal museum or treasure house, and its value is immeasurable.
A soldier left this record: "In two days, I got 30 million francs worth of silk, jewelry, porcelain, bronzes and sculptures" and said, "It's like the illusion of marijuana smokers".
This group of robbers robbed for 48 hours, and they really took as much as they could, wishing they had more greedy hands. This was a bottomless carnival for the invaders. According to the report in The Times at that time, the value of the property robbed or destroyed was over 6 million pounds. Obviously, this figure is unbelievable, because many cultural relics cannot be valued at all.
I have to say that Yuanmingyuan, if it still exists, is definitely a miracle and an unsurpassed model in the cultural history of China and foreign countries.