Seedling propagation is a common method used by people in mango producing areas in China in the past. This method is simple and easy to operate, but the mango tree obtained has great variation, especially the single embryo variety. Therefore, it is not desirable in production, especially in large-scale production. Although most of the seedlings of multi-embryo mango varieties are nucellar seedlings, which can basically maintain the excellent characters of their female parents, nucellar seedlings bear fruit late. Therefore, the seedling propagation method has been rarely used. At present, seedling propagation is mainly used to propagate rootstock seedlings for grafting.

(1) Land Selection and Preparation

Nursery should choose an environment with convenient transportation, close to water sources, sheltered from the wind and not easy to deposit cold air. Loam or sandy soil with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and good drainage is suitable for nursery; However, the soil is sticky, easy to harden or shallow, and the land with more gravel is not suitable for opening nurseries. The establishment of nurseries on gentle slopes should be started according to contour lines, and irrigation ditches should be opened to facilitate irrigation and drainage and prevent erosion. Low-lying areas should be raised and drains should be opened to prevent water accumulation.

Nursery land should be deeply plowed and raked, and the soil preparation should be fine to ensure fine soil. The main roots of mango seedlings are long, and the depth of seedlings can reach 70 ~ 80 cm in half a year. Therefore, the nursery must apply sufficient base fertilizer to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings. Every 667m2, 3000 ~ 4000kg of decomposed animal manure or compost should be applied. After the land is leveled, the border is generally 10 m long, 1 m wide, about 20 cm high, and 40 ~ 50 cm between the borders, which can be flexibly mastered according to the terrain.

(2) Seed collection

Select the fruits with above grade, fullness, good maturity and correct fruit shape from the high-yield and healthy mother trees for seed use. Deformed, underdeveloped or floating fruits and fruits with diseases and pests should be eliminated. Mango seeds are not resistant to storage, and with the increase of storage days, the germination rate of seeds will decrease rapidly, so it is best to sow with harvesting and treatment. If you can't sow for a while, you can use wet and clean sand or charcoal for short-term storage. The required amount of seeds is calculated by the density of 25cm×15cm, and 6000 ~ 8000 seeds are needed every 667m2.

(3) sowing

(1) seed treatment before sowing, the seeds should be washed, and after the floating seeds are removed, they should be exposed to the sun until the surface of the seed shell is dry. Do not expose them to strong light for too long, so as not to affect the germination rate. Generally, before sowing, it is necessary to peel or cut the shell. Because untreated seeds with shells are limited by the shell, sometimes radicle and hypocotyl can't extend out of the shell, or it takes three turns to extend out of the shell, which leads to death or bending of the stem axis and weak seedlings. The germination time after sowing is also long, and it takes about 1 month to germinate. However, the treated seeds have no or reduced the limitation of seed shell, the main roots and stems are straight, and the seedlings grow vigorously. After sowing, they can germinate in about 18 days on average, and some can germinate in about 7 days. After hulling, seeds that are deteriorated or cannot germinate can also be removed, thus improving the germination rate. Generally, the germination rate of hulled seeds is over 90%, while the germination rate without hulling is only 40% ~ 60% or lower. The method of shelling is to clamp one side of the seed shell with a branch scissors on the side of the pedicle that is off the seed abdomen, twist it downward along the suture line, tear the seed coat (not tear it off), and tear the other side in turn. Repeat this for 2 ~ 4 times to take out the seed kernel. Shearing is to cut a gap from the abdomen of the seed along the suture line with scissors, without removing the seed shell. This method is more convenient than shelling, but the situation of seedling emergence is not as good as shelling.

(2) accelerate germination under the shade of trees. Use clean river sand to build a sand bed with a height of 20cm and a width of100cm on the ground, and the interval between sand beds is 50cm-60cm, so as to facilitate water spraying management. Choose healthy, fresh and treated seeds to sow according to the plant spacing 1 cm and the row spacing is 2 ~ 3 cm, and when sowing, the umbilicus is downward and the arrangement is consistent from head to tail. After sowing, cover the seeds1~ 2 cm with fine sand and drench them with water to keep them moist.

③ Seedling transplanting and management: The seeds that accelerate germination are unearthed when the stem axis is elongated and the leaves are not enlarged, and moved to the nursery or nutrition bag. When moving, carefully dig out the whole root of the seedling with a bamboo stick, transplant it into the seedbed, fill in the soft topsoil, compact it and spray it with water. Don't hurt the root. If the main root is too long, it can be cut short appropriately, but the root length should not be shorter than10cm. More than 2 plants often emerge from seeds with multiple embryos. The seedlings can be separated from the cracks in the endosperm and planted separately according to their size. Care must be taken to preserve the integrity of cotyledons and roots.

When moved into the nursery, it can be planted with a spacing of 20 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. Nutrition bags (20cm×15cm) should also be arranged in order to facilitate the healthy growth of seedlings. Mango seedling period is the high temperature season, sometimes accompanied by drought, so it is necessary to drench the seedlings in time according to the soil moisture to prevent them from dying due to lack of water. In the area where the seedlings are easy to burn, the seedlings within 3 months should be covered with 50% ~ 60% shade shed to prevent the seedlings from burning.

Weeding, loosening soil and fertilizing should be done in time after the seedlings resume growth. Top dressing should be done once every pumping1~ 2 times. In dry days, it is better to use decomposed manure water, which can be applied with1∶ 4 ~1∶ 5 manure water or sprayed with 0.5% ~1%urea. In the rainy season, urea can also be applied between rows in combination with weeding, with a dosage of 25 ~10 kg per 667 meters. In areas with low temperature and frost, fertilization should be stopped before winter to control the growth of seedlings and reduce freezing injury.

Mango seedling diseases mainly include anthracnose, bacterial black spot and mango gray spot; Insect pests mainly include Spodoptera striata, leaf-cutting weevil, etc., which should be sprayed in time every time the new shoots grow.