1. Geological Characteristics of the Mining Area

The Dapai Mining Area is a large-scale deposit of lead-zinc ore with iron, manganese, silver, copper, molybdenum and other polymetallic minerals. It is located in the middle part of the upper Paleozoic depression belt of Yong (An)-Mei (County), the west side of Zhenghe-Daipu deep rupture belt, and the Datian-Longyan secondary depression of the southwest Fujian depression belt. It is located in the southwest Fujian region is Tethys east-west tectonics and the Pacific Rim Asian continental margin north-east tectonics of the spatial and temporal evolution of the alternation of the typical area, is Yong (An)-Mei (County)-HuiChang (Chang) polymetallic mineralization belt of the main body, but also an important mineralization of southeastern China concentrated area. Mineral deposits developed on the region include Makeng super-large iron ore mine, Zijinshan super-large gold mine, Yangshan iron ore mine, and Yanbei tin mine.

2. Geological Characteristics of Ore Bodies

The lead-zinc ore bodies are mainly located in the crushed marble, diorite, silica, diorite, and synclastic syenite of the upper and middle parts of the Qixia Formation of the Lower Permian. Qixia Group is a set of shallow marine carbonate deposition, due to the strong metamorphism, most of the rocks have been metamorphosed into marble, diorite, diorite, this layer is the main deposit of lead-zinc ore in the mine. The ore body is controlled by the fracture zone, and is produced in parallel with layers, seemingly layers and lenses (Figure 1-7). There are 42 lead-zinc ore bodies in the mining area, of which 35 are lead-zinc sulfide ore bodies and 7 are independent lead-zinc oxide ore bodies. Of the lead-zinc resource reserves identified in the area, 86.05% are lead-zinc sulfide ore metal and 13.95% are lead-zinc oxide ore metal. In addition, 9 magnetite ore bodies, 8 molybdenum ore bodies, 5 copper ore bodies and 1 silver ore body have been circled in the mining area.

Figure 1-7 Sketch of the geological section of the Dapai lead-zinc polymetallic deposit, Yongding County, Fujian Province

(According to Xu Naizheng et al., 2008)

1-Quaternary residual slope deposits; 2-Granodiorite porphyry of the Late Yanshan period; 3-Lead-zinc sulphide ore; 4 -Oxidized lead-zinc ore; 5-Copper-molybdenum sulphide; 6-Stratigraphic boundaries; 7-Faults and their numbering; 8-Tectonic fracture zones; 9-Lower Permian Wenpenshan Formation; 10 -Lower Permian Kexia Formation

Based on field observation, combined with microscopic identification, Dapai lead-zinc ore can be classified into sulfide lead-zinc ore, oxide ore, and iron ore according to the material composition of the ore. Sulfide lead-zinc ore is mainly authomorphic-semi-authomorphic-other granular structure, microscopically visible vein structure, angular structure, accounted for the residual structure, including structure, edging structure, *** knot edging structure, opalescent - oriented opalescent structure, etc.; ore structure is mainly lumpy (agglomerates), banded The structure of the ore is mainly lumpy (agglomerate), banded, laminar, dipping; metal minerals are mainly galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, magnetite, followed by pyrite; veinstone minerals are tremolite, quartz, chlorite, calcite and so on. The oxidized ore is dominated by semi-autogenous - he shape granular structure, and the radial structure and accounted pseudo-structure can be seen under the microscope; the ore structure is dominated by earthy, massive and breccia; the metal minerals are hard manganese ore, white lead ore and limonite, and the second is pyrite, black lead ore, lead alum, heteropole, soft manganese ore, hard manganese ore, water-soft manganese ore, etc.; the pulsed stone minerals are chalcedony - microcrystalline quartz, green kaolinite and kaolinite, fluorite, and so on. Iron ore is mainly semi-autogenous granular structure, followed by autogenous and other shaped structure, vein structure, sharp angle structure, accounted for the residual structure, including structure, etc.; ore structure has a massive structure, mottled structure, dipping structure, banding, laminar structure, etc.; the main metal minerals are magnetite, accompanied by a small amount of hematite, spinel, rhodochrosite, etc., and the chalcopyrite minerals are mainly garnet, diopside, second garnet, tremolite, sub-tremolite, calcite, chrysoberyl, chlorite, quartz, and so on.

3. Genesis model

Through the analysis of the metallogenic background, geological features of the mining area, characteristics of the ore deposits, characteristics of the distribution of the ores, the structural structure of the ores and the surrounding rocks, and metallogenesis, it is believed that the Dapai Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is mainly a stratified silica deposit, and the metallogenesis has gone through the period of sedimentary, metamorphic-hydrothermal, magmatic-hydrothermal, and epigenetic-weathering leachage period. As a typical sillimanite-type deposit, the mineralization is mainly controlled by tectonics, stratigraphy and magmatic rocks. In terms of tectonic control, the morphology of the ore body is obviously controlled by a series of stacked tidal faults and interlayer fissures (fracture zones) of varying sizes and inclined to the south-east, which are part of a series of shallow sub-folded retrograde thrusting and overturning tectonic systems. In terms of stratigraphic control, the ore body is located in a certain stratum, i.e. the Upper Carboniferous JingShe Formation and the Lower Permian Qixia Formation, which is basically dominated by carbonate rocks, including calcium mudstone, tuffaceous fine clastic rocks and tuffaceous siliceous mudstone, etc., which are easy to be crushed and subjected to the account of the rocks. In terms of magmatic rock control, the main magmatic rock in the area is the Yanshan Late Period two-length granite porphyry, which provides polymetallic mineralized hydrothermal fluids, and plays a role of activation, superposition, transfer and enrichment of iron, lead and zinc polymetallic metals in the sedimentary medium.

4. Brief description of the deposit specimens

In 2012, after an in-depth study of the geological characteristics of the deposit and the types of rocks and ores in the Dapai Mining District, Yongding County, Fujian Province, 20 specimens were collected by the block-picking method*** (Table 1-3), with the types of specimens divided into three categories: ores, peripheral rocks and rocks. Among them, the collection of ore specimens 8, lithology is mainly chalcopyrite sulfide ore, sulfide lead-zinc ore, sulfide copper lead-zinc ore, manganese oxide lead-zinc ore, magnetite ore, chalcopyrite ore and chalcopyrite ore; collection of peripheral rock specimens 8, lithology is mainly for the marble, siliceous rock, charcoal siltstone, limestone, magnetized pyritic iron pyrophyllite, garnet diopside diorite silica, siltstone, Silicified marble; 4 rock specimens were collected, with lithologies mainly of dioritic granite porphyry, strongly silicified granite porphyry, medium and fine-grained dioritic granite, and granodiorite porphyry. The collected specimens cover different ore specimens, stratigraphic specimens, roof enclosing rocks and rock body specimens of the lead-zinc polymetallic mine in the Dapai Mining Area, which basically reflect the geological characteristics and mineralization background of the lead-zinc polymetallic mine.

Table 1-3 Specimens collected from the lead-zinc polymetallic ore in the Dapai Mining District, Yongding County, Fujian Province

Continued

Note: In the table, PbZn3-B represents the specimen of the lead-zinc polymetallic ore in the Dapai Mining District, Yongding County, Fujian Province, PbZn3-b represents the sheet number of this specimen, and PbZn3-g represents the light sheet number of this specimen.

5. Plates

(1) Photographs of specimens and their characterizations

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits of China with Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B01

Chalcopyrite-sulfide ore. The ore is yellowish green in color, he shape granular structure, and porphyritic structure. The ore minerals are dominated by pyrite, with a small amount of chalcopyrite. Pyrite is yellowish green, he-shaped granular, particle size 1 ~ 3mm, content of about 20%. Chalcopyrite is copper-yellow, he-shaped granular, scattered distribution. The vein minerals are mainly quartz and tremolite, with a small amount of chlorite, mica and tremolite, etc.

Series of specimens of typical mineral deposits in China and light thin section atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B02

Sulfide lead-zinc ore ore. The ore is gray-green, yellow-green, gray-black, white and other mottled colors, semi-autogenous-autogenous granular structure, striped and mottled structure. The ore minerals are mainly galena, followed by sphalerite and chalcopyrite. The galena is lead-gray, semi-automorphic-automorphic granular, with a grain size of 3-20mm, and the content is about 10%. Sphalerite, black gray, a small amount. Chalcopyrite, copper yellow, distributed in clusters. The vein minerals are tremolite, quartz, calcite, etc.

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits in China, Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B03

Sulfide copper-lead-zinc ore. The ore is gray-green, gray-black, he shape granular structure, mottled structure. Ore minerals are dominated by sphalerite, followed by chalcopyrite, galena and pyrite. Sphalerite, blackish gray - black, other shape granular structure, particle size 1 ~ 4mm, content of about 15%. Chalcopyrite, copper-yellow, oxidized surface of the FOH color, his shape granular structure, particle size 0.5 ~ 1.5mm. vein minerals are dominated by tremolite, followed by quartz, calcite, chlorite, etc.

China Typical Ore Deposits Series of Specimens and Thin-Sheet Atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B04

Marble. The ore is grayish-white, with a granular metamorphic structure and a massive structure. The mineral composition is dominated by calcite, which is grayish-white, other-shaped-semi-autogenous granular structure, particle size 0.5-2mm, individual larger, content of more than 95%. Small amounts of dolomite, quartz, chlorite, etc.

Series of specimens of typical mineral deposits in China and optical thin section atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B05

Siliceous rock. The ore is grayish-white-light purple, cryptocrystalline in structure, massive and banded. The mineral composition consists almost entirely of cryptocrystalline quartz, with a small amount of chlorite, etc.

Series of specimens of typical mineral deposits in China and light thin section atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B06

Manganese oxide lead-zinc ore. The ore exhibits a tectonic breccia with lead-zinc-manganese oxide mainly in the form of colluvium. The tectonic breccia is black, orange, gray-black and other miscellaneous colors, breccia-like structure. The breccia is composed of sandstone, siltstone, siliceous rock, gray rock, etc. The diameter of the breccia varies from 2 to 10mm, with individual larger ones, and the content is 60% to 75%. The cement is mainly manganese, followed by iron and clay. The rocks generally contain oxidized lead-zinc ore, which is indistinguishable with the naked eye

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits of China Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B07

Oxidized manganese lead-zinc ore ore. The ore exhibits a tectonic breccia with lead-zinc-manganese oxide mainly in the form of colluvium. The tectonic breccia is orange, black, gray, gray-black and other miscellaneous colors, breccia-like structure. The breccia is composed of sandstone, siltstone, siliceous rock, gray rock, etc. The diameter of the breccia varies from 2 to 10mm, and the individual is bigger, with the content of 60% to 75%. The colluvium is mainly manganese, followed by iron, clay, etc., and generally contains oxidized lead-zinc ore, which is indistinguishable to the naked eye

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits in China, Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B08

Dioritic granite porphyry. The rock is light purple, porphyritic and massive. Porphyry composition is feldspar and quartz. Feldspar, gray-white, gray-green, flesh-red, dark green and other miscellaneous colors, short columnar, grain size 1.5-6mm, content of about 20%. Quartz, colorless and transparent, he-shaped granular structure, particle size of about 2mm, content of about 5%. The matrix is long quartz, holocrystalline or fine-grained structure

Chinese Typical Ore Deposits Series Specimens and Light Thin Section Atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B09

Charcoal siltstone. The rock is black in color, with a siltstone structure and a striated, platy structure. The clastic component is silt grade quartz with about 85% content. The colluvium is carbonaceous with about 15%. The rock develops about 2mm thin grain layer, and the level is dotted with plant stem and leaf fossils, and irregular lumpy pyrite is sporadically distributed

Series of specimens and photomicrographs of typical mineral deposits in China atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B10

Limestone. The rock is gray-black, microcrystalline and massive. The mineral composition is dominated by calcite with about 95% and a small amount of dolomite. The rock develops reticulated calcite veins

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits in China. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B11

Strongly silicified granite porphyry. The rock is light purple, porphyritic and massive. The composition of the porphyry is quartz and feldspar. Quartz, colorless and transparent, he shape granular, grain size 1~4mm, content about 25%. Feldspar, light purple, grayish yellow, the edges of the mineral grains are blurred due to the development of silicification, the size of the grains is 3 to 7mm, the content is about 10%. The matrix is feldspar and cryptocrystalline

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits of China Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-B12

Pyrrhotite-magnetite pyroxene. The rock is grayish-black with pyroxene structure and blocky formation. The mineral composition is not easy to distinguish with the naked eye. Dipping pyrite mineralization is developed in the rock, locally agglomerated at about 5%. Magnetite is densely dipped and distributed in the rock, with other-shaped granular structure, particle size 1-2.5mm, content of about 20%. The rocks locally see stellate chalcopyrite

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits of China Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B13

Magnetite ore. The ore is yellowish green, iron black, tawny, white and other mottled colors, mostly semi-autogenous granular structure, a small portion of the autogenous or other-shaped granular structure, banded and mottled structure. The ore mineral is magnetite, iron black, semi-autonomous granular structure, particle size 0.5-2.5mm, content of about 40%. Magnetite is present in densely dipped or agglomerated form. Magnetite is in the form of stripes and masses. The vein minerals are mainly tremolite, with small amounts of calcite, garnet, quartz, etc.

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits in China. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B14

Garnet-turbidite skarn. The rock is grey-green in general, interspersed with iron, white, gray-brown and other mottled colors, acicular, radial or granular metamorphic crystal structure, blocky structure. The mineral composition is dominated by diopside, followed by garnet, calcite, quartz and so on. Turbidite, gray-green or emerald green, acicular self-shaped crystals, aggregates are radial, 1.5-5mm in diameter, the content of about 70%. Calcite, white or colorless, semi-autonomous grains, particle size 2 to 10mm, individual as large as 20mm, content of about 20%. Garnet, gray-brown, semi-autonomous grains, grain size 1 to 2.5mm, content of about 10%. Local distribution of agglomerated magnetite is seen in the rock

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits of China, Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B15

Pyrite chalcopyrite ore. The ore is white, yellow-brown, yellow-green, gray and other mottled colors, authomorphic granular structure, mottled structure. Ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, a small amount of magnetic pyrite. Pyrite chalcopyrite is yellowish brown, oxidized mask FOH color, semi-automorphic-automorphic granular, particle size 1 ~ 10mm, content of about 50%. Magnetite pyrite, yellowish green, semi-autonomous granular, particle size of about 1mm, content of 5% to 10%. The vein minerals are basically calcite, with high degree of crystallization, mostly semi-autogenous crystals, with a grain size of 5-20mm

An Atlas of Typical Ore Deposits in China, Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B16

Powdery sandstone. The rock is dark gray with tawny oxidized surfaces, fine-grained sandy structure and blocky structure. The clastic composition is dominated by quartz, a small amount of mica, the grain size is about 0.1mm, and the quartz content is more than 90%. The colluvium is mainly siliceous and secondly ferruginous. A regular quartz vein 2mm thick is developed in the rock

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits of China with Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B17

Chalcopyrite ore. The ore is gray-gray-black, white, yellow-green, copper-yellow, and other mottled colors, he form of granular structure, and porphyritic structure. Ore minerals are dominated by chalcopyrite, with a small amount of galena, sphalerite, pyrite and so on. Chalcopyrite, copper yellow, oxidized surface see FOH color, his shape granular, particle size 0.5 ~ 1mm, mostly dipping or irregular mass distribution, the content of about 5%. The vein minerals are calcite, tremolite, quartz, etc.

Chinese Typical Ore Deposits Series Specimen and Light Thin Section Atlas. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-B18

Siliciclasticized marble. The rock is dark green, gray, white and other mottled colors, granular metamorphic structure, porphyritic structure. The original rock is limestone, which is silicified by thermal metamorphism and hydrothermal contact account. The mineral composition is dominated by calcite and diorite, with a small amount of garnet, quartz, pyrite, iron sphalerite and so on. Calcite, white, semi-autogenous granular, particle size 1 ~ 10mm, content of about 60%. Turbidite, dark green or yellowish green, acicular, aggregate radial, 2-7mm in diameter, content about 35%

Chinese Typical Ore Deposits Series of Specimens and Light Thin Section Atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B19

Medium-fine-grained diorite granite. The rock is light flesh red, greenish gray, medium and fine grained granite structure, blocky structure. The mineral composition consists of feldspar, quartz and mica. Quartz, colorless transparent or smoky gray, he shape granular, grain size of about 2mm, the content of about 30%. Potassium feldspar, light flesh-red, short columnar, grain size 1 to 3mm, content of about 33%. Plagioclase feldspar, gray or white, short columnar, particle size 1 to 3mm, content of about 32%. Mica, mainly black mica, mostly altered to chlorite, content of about 5%

Series of specimens of typical mineral deposits in China and light thin section atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-B20

Granitic diorite porphyry. The rock is gray-black, light flesh-red, porphyritic, and massive. The rock consists of porphyry crystals and matrix. Patch crystals are feldspar and hornblende. Feldspar, grayish-white or light flesh-red, semiautomorphic crystals, short columnar, grain size of 2 to 8 mm, content of about 10%. Hornblende, black or dark brown, acicular columnar, 3 to 8 mm in diameter, about 3%. Matrix cryptocrystalline or fine-grained structure

(2) Photographs of specimens identified under the microscope and their characterization

An Atlas of Typical Mineral Deposits of China in Series of Specimens and Light Thin Sections. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-b05

Siliceous rock. Granular metamorphic structure with banding. The main mineral components are quartz (Qz, about 80%) and plagioclase feldspar (Pl, about 15%). Quartz, he-shaped, grain size of about 0.1mm, colorless and transparent, smooth surface, no weathering material, positive and low protrusion, no disintegration, no bicrystalline. Plagioclase feldspar, triclinic crystal system, colorless, negative low protuberance, development of aggregated sheet bicrystals

The Typical Mineral Deposits of China Series of Specimens and Light Thin Section Atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-b09

Charcoal siltstone. Chalky structure with platy tectonics. The principal mineral constituents are quartz (Qz, about 80%), plagioclase feldspar (Pl, about 15%), and minor graphite (about 3%). Quartz, he-shaped, grain size of about 0.02 mm, colorless and transparent, smooth surface, no weathering material, positive and low protuberance, no disintegration, no bicrystalline. Plagioclase feldspar, triclinic crystal system, colorless, negative low protuberance, development of aggregated sheet bicrystals

Series of specimens of typical deposits in China and optical thin section atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-b11

Strongly silicified granite porphyry. Porphyritic structure, blocky (banded) structure. The principal mineral constituents are plagioclase feldspar (Pl, about 30%), calcite (Cal, about 30%), quartz (Qz, about 20%), and sericite (Se, about 15%). Porphyry is plagioclase feldspar, platy, with a grain size of about 2 mm, some plagioclase feldspar undergoes sericitization, and calcite is produced in bands, with grains of about 0.5 mm. plagioclase feldspar, triclinic, is colorless, negatively hypoclastic, and develops aggregates of bicrystals. Calcite, rhombohedral solution, obvious flash protrusion, pearl halo advanced white interference color. Quartz, colorless and transparent, smooth surface, no weathering material, positive low protrusion, no deconvolution, no bicrystals. Sericite, the aggregate is scale-like, with silky luster, which is a kind of fine scale-like white mica

Chinese typical mineral deposits series of specimens and light thin section atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-b12

Calcite-bearing garnet diorite. Granular metamorphic structure, blocky structure. The main minerals are plagioclase feldspar (Pl, ca. 45%), garnet (Grt, ca. 30%), calcite (Cal, ca. 10%), potassium feldspar (Kfs, ca. 5%), and quartz (Q z, ca. 5%). Porphyry is garnet, granular, with a grain size of about 6 mm, and plagioclase feldspar grains with a grain size of 2 to 3 mm. plagioclase, triclinic, colorless, with a negative low protuberance, develops aggregates of lamellar bicrystals. Garnet, equiaxial crystal system, no solution, often with irregular cracks, positive high protrusion, show homogeneous body. Calcite, rhombohedral cleavage, obvious flash protrusion, pearl halo advanced white interference color. Potassium feldspar, triclinic crystal system, colorless, negative low protrusion, with inconspicuous lattice bicrystal, oblique extinction. Quartz, colorless and transparent, smooth surface, no weathering material, positive low protuberance, no solubility, no bicrystals

Chinese Typical Ore Deposits Series Specimens and Light Thin Section Atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-b14

Garnet diorite skarn. Granular metamorphic crystal structure, blocky structure. The principal mineral constituents are garnet (Grt, ca. 65%) and calcite (Cal, ca. 30%). Porphyry is garnet, granular, cleavage developed, grain size of about 6 mm, calcite grain size of about 0.5 mm. garnet, equiaxial crystal system, no solvation, often with irregular cleavage, orthorhombic protuberance, show homogeneous body. Calcite, rhombohedral cleavage, obvious flash protuberance, pearl halo high-level white interference color

Series of specimens of typical mineral deposits in China and light thin section atlas. Lead-zinc-antimony-silver-gold ore

PbZn3-b20

Chloritized granodiorite porphyry. Porphyritic structure, blocky structure. The main minerals are potassium feldspar (Kfs, about 40%), plagioclase feldspar (Pl, about 35%), chlorite (Chl, about 15%), and minor quartz (Qz, about 5%). The porphyritic crystals are plagioclase and potassium feldspar, which are thickly platy, with grain sizes of about 2 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively, and the hornblende undergoes pronounced chloritization. Potassium feldspar, triclinic crystal system, negative low protrusion, with inconspicuous lattice bicrystal, oblique extinction. Plagioclase feldspar, triclinic system, colorless, negatively hypoclite, with developed agglomerated bicrystals. Chlorite, monoclinic crystal system, light green, with weak polychromaticity, low interference color, for the I gray and white, subparallel extinction. Quartz, colorless transparent, smooth surface, positive low protuberance, no resolution, no bicrystals

Series of specimens of typical mineral deposits in China and optical thin section atlas. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-g01

The main metal minerals are magnetite, hematite, pyrite, sphalerite, and black stalagmite, etc., with small amounts of chalcopyrite, zoisite, and galena, etc. The main metal minerals are magnetite, hematite, pyrite, sphalerite and black stalagmite. Magnetite (Mag) content of about 15%, the early stage (Mag1) is mostly semi-autonomous - he-shaped granular structure, is accounted for by the hematite residual structure, is accounted for by the sphalerite, galena is a sharp angle, the size of the grain between 0.002 ~ 0.3mm; late stage (Mag2) accounted for hematite. Hematite (Hem) content of about 15%, authomorphic - semi-authomorphic plate, needle-like structure, accounted for magnetite in the residual structure, particle size ranging from 0.001 to 1.0mm. Pyrite (Py) content of about 25%, mostly semi-automorphic - he-shaped granular structure, by hematite accounted for vein or rim structure, by sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite accounted for the sharp corners, the size of the particles ranging from 0.01 to 2.0mm. Black stalagmite (Ilv) content of about 5%, irregular granular structure, account for the dissolution of the package early magnetite, pyrite, hematite, etc., and by sphalerite, galena, etc. was accounted for in the shape of a sharp angle, the size of the grain between 0.01 ~ 2.0mm. Sphalerite (Sp) content of about 1%, irregular granular structure, sharp angle account of magnetite, pyrite and black stalagmite, particle size between 0.01 ~ 1.0mm. Occasionally, chalcopyrite (Ccp), galena (Gn) and zoisite (Td)

Mineral generation order: magnetite → pyrite → hematite → black stalagmite → sphalerite → chalcopyrite - zoisite → galena

China Typical Ore Deposits Series of Specimens and Thin-Sheet Photo Album. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-g02

The main metal minerals are sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, magnetite, and hematite, etc. Occasionally black stalagmite, pyrite, and zoisite are seen. Sphalerite (Sp) content of about 8%, irregular granular structure, account for wrapped magnetite, hematite, chalcopyrite, galena interspersed with account for the particle size between 0.005 ~ 5.0mm. Chalcopyrite (Ccp) content of about 5%, irregular granular structure, a milky distribution in the sphalerite, sharp angle interspersed with sphalerite, account for the wrapping of the early magnetite, hematite, by galena in the sharp angle of the account, the size of the particle ranges from 0.001 to 6.0mm. Magnetite (Mag) content of about 2%, the early stage is mostly semi-automorphic - he-shaped granular structure, by hematite in a sharp angle, accounted for by chalcopyrite, galena, etc. account for the package, the particle size of 0.002 ~ 0.3mm ranging from the late account of hematite. Hematite (Hem) content of about 2%, the early stage of the authomorphic - semi-authomorphic plate-like, needle-like structure, the sharp angle of the account of magnetite, particle size ranging from 0.01 to 2.0mm; the late stage of the aggregates in the form of vein-like interspersed in the distribution of chalcopyrite, galena. The content of galena (Gn) is about 1%, irregularly distributed in granular form, accounting for chalcopyrite, sphalerite, hematite and magnetite, etc., with particle size ranging from 0.002 to 3.0mm. Occasionally see zoisite, pyrite (Py) and black stalagmite

Mineral generation order: magnetite → pyrite → hematite → black stalagmite → sphalerite → chalcopyrite - zoisite → galena

Typical mineral deposits in China series of specimens and light thin section atlas. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-g03

The main metal minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, a small amount of black stalagmite, magnetite and hematite. Sphalerite (Sp) content of about 25%, irregular granular structure, account for wrapped magnetite, hematite, etc., by chalcopyrite, galena in the form of sharp angles or fine veins interspersed with account for the particle size of 0.005 ~ 3.0mm varies. Pyrite (Py) content of about 5%, was authomorphic - semi-authomorphic granular structure, by chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena accounted for the rim structure, locally accounted for the dissolution of black stromatolite, particle size 0.01 ~ 1.5mm. Chalcopyrite (Ccp) content of about 1%, irregular granular structure, fine vein-like interspersed account of sphalerite, pyrite and black stalagmite, etc., accounted for the wrapping of the early magnetite, hematite and pyrite is included in the structure, the particle size of 0.001 ~ 0.5mm. The content of galena (Gn) is about 1%, irregular granular structure, sharp angle or fine veins interspersed with account of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and black stalagmite, etc., with particle size ranging from 0.002 to 1.2mm. Hematite (Hem) content of about 2%, early in the authomorphic - semi-authomorphic plate-like, needle-like structure, sharp angle accounted for magnetite, local galena accounted for a strong residual structure, particle size of 0.01 ~ 0.2mm ranging; late in the collection of vein-like interspersed with sphalerite in the sphalerite. A small amount of staurolite (Ilv) and magnetite (Mag)

Mineral generation sequence: magnetite → pyrite → hematite → staurolite → sphalerite - chalcopyrite → galena

Series of specimens of typical deposits in China and the light thin section atlas. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-g07

The main metal minerals are hard manganese ore, white lead ore, limonite, and a small amount of pyrite. Hard manganese ore (Ps) content of about 2%, was distributed in the transparent mineral microcrystalline aggregates, locally visible tortoise cracks, the internal structure of the radial aggregates, particle size between 0.001 ~ 0.02mm. White lead ore (Css) content of about 8%, the aggregate was fibrous, stalactitic distribution, particle size less than 0.02mm. limonite (Lm) content of about 2%, mainly accounted for the early pyrite, authigenic particles are completely retained in the crystal form of the pseudo-structural features, the particle size of between 0.01 ~ 0.2mm. Pyrite (Py) a small amount of semi-automorphic - he form of granular structure distributed in the transparent minerals, mostly accounted for by the limonite is completely pseudostructural, particle size of 0.01 ~ 0.05mm

Mineral generation order: pyrite → manganese ore → white lead ore - limonite

The typical deposits in China series of specimens and thin section of the atlas. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-g12

The main metal minerals are pyromorphite, chalcopyrite, galena, a small amount of pyrite, sphalerite, hematite and zoisite. Chalcopyrite (Ccp) content of about 1%, he-shaped granular structure, local and zoisite, galena is *** junction edge structure, particle size between 0.002 ~ 0.1mm. Molybdenite (Mot) a small amount, is authomorphic - semi-authomorphic plate-like crystal structure, visible galena along the edge of the particles accounted for the sharp-angled structure, particle size between 0.001 ~ 0.02mm. A small amount of galena (Gn), he-shaped granular structure, along the interstices of molybdenite particles accounted for, local contact with chalcopyrite **** edge structure, particle size between 0.01 ~ 0.05mm. A small amount of pyrite (Py) and hematite (Hem), authomorphic - semi-authomorphic granular structure distributed in the transparent minerals. Zoisite (Td) occasional, irregular granular structure and chalcopyrite is *** knot edge structure output, particle size of about 0.01mm. occasional sphalerite

Mineral generation order: pyrite → pyroxene molybdenite → sphalerite - chalcopyrite - zoisite - galena → hematite

Typical mineral deposits in China series of specimens and light thin section atlas. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-g13

The main metal minerals are magnetite, with small amounts of hematite, spinel and rhodochrosite. Magnetite (Mag) content of about 60%, mostly semi-automorphic - he-shaped granular structure, the particles are more broken fractured structure characteristics, local parcel of fine spinel particles as a containment structure or solid solution separation structure, by the late hematite accounted for fine vein-like or sharp angular structure, etc., local account of the strong residual structure, by the late rhodochrosite accounted for along the edges of the magnetite particles,

PbZn3-g13

The main metal minerals are magnetite, a small amount of hematite and spinel, and so on. The particle size ranges from 0.01 to 2.0mm. Hematite (Hem) a small amount, along the magnetite particles and edge of the cracks and account for the sharp angle or fine vein-like structure, particle size 0.001 ~ 0.01mm ranging. Spinel (Sn) a small number of autogenous granular structure distributed in the magnetite particles, can be seen in its triangular and tetragonal crystal cross-section morphology, particle size between 0.001 ~ 0.01mm. Rhodochrosite (Sd) a small amount, was his shape granular structure, along the edge of the magnetite particles accounted for the distribution of particle size between 0.002 ~ 0.5mm

Mineral generation order: magnetite - spinel → hematite → rhodochrosite

Typical mineral deposits in China series of specimens and light thin section of the atlas. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-g15

The main metal minerals are pyrite, magnetite, hematite and limonite, with small amounts of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and copper blue. Pyrite (Py) content of about 35%, was authomorphic - semi-authomorphic granular structure, particle fragmentation was fractured structure, wrapped magnetite particles contained structure, was a fine vein-like account of magnetite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and hematite account for the sharp-edged structure, local account of the more intense residual structure, the size of the particles between 0.01 ~ 5.0mm. Magnetite (Mag) content of about 1%, mostly semi-autonomous - he-shaped granular structure, by the pyrite is a fine vein-like account or account for the inclusion of wrapped in a contained structure, by the later chalcopyrite, hematite, etc. account for the sharp-angled structure, the size of the particles between 0.01 ~ 1.2mm. Hematite (Hem) content of about 1%, was self-shaped long plate or needle-like self-shaped granular structure, can be seen in its radial aggregates, accounted for magnetite, pyrite is a sharp angular structure, etc., the local account of the strong residual structure, the size of the particles between 0.001 ~ 0.2mm. Chalcopyrite (Ccp) a small number of irregular granular structure, and sphalerite contact with the gentle *** knot edge structure, local sharp angle account of pyrite, magnetite particles, etc., by the copper blue account for the ring edge structure, particle size between 0.001 ~ 0.4mm. Sphalerite (Sp) a small amount, irregular grain distribution, and chalcopyrite is *** knot edge structure, local sharp angle accounted for pyrite particles, by galena accounted for the sharp angle structure, particle size of 0.002 ~ 0.2mm varies. Small amounts of copper blue (Cv) and limonite (Lm). Occasional galena (Gn)

Mineral generation order: magnetite → pyrite → hematite → chalcopyrite - sphalerite → galena → copper blue → limonite

Typical mineral deposits in China series of specimens and light thin section atlas. Lead-Zinc-Antimony-Antimony-Silver-Gold Ore

PbZn3-g17

The main metal minerals are sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite, with small amounts of pyrrhotite, zoisite, magnetite, hematite, copper-blue and limonite. Sphalerite (Sp) content of about 20%, irregular granular structure, sharp angle accounted for the early magnetite, chalcopyrite, galena is sharp angle or vein-like account, local account of the strong port - island-like structure, the particle size between 0.005 ~ 2.5mm. Chalcopyrite (Ccp) content of about 10%, irregular granular structure, a solid solution separation of milk droplet distribution in the sphalerite, and sphalerite, zoisite contact with the edge of the gentle **** junction edges of the structure, locally presented in the sharp-edged or vein-like account of the sphalerite, pyrite and magnetite particles, particle size of between 0.001 ~ 2.0mm. Galena (Gn) content of about 10%, irregular granular structure, a sharp angular structure or fine vein structure accounted for magnetite, pyrite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, etc., the local account of the more strongly contained structure, particle size between 0.002 ~ 1.5mm. Pyrite (Py) a small amount, is a semi-autonomous - he-shaped granular structure, is a sharp angle account of magnetite or hematite pseudomagnetite particles, and by the late sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite and galena, etc. account for wrapped in a contained structure, the size of the particles between 0.01 ~ 0.6mm. Magnetite (Mag) a small amount, semi-autonomous - he shape granular structure, by the late pyrite, hematite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, etc. accounted for the remnants of the wrecked crystalline structure or containment of the structure, the particle size of between 0.01 ~ 0.3mm. Hematite (Hem) a small amount, mostly he-shaped granular structure, part of the plate, needle-like semi-autonomous crystal structure, mainly in the sharp angle of the account of magnetite, particle size 0.001 ~ 0.2mm ranging. A small amount of zoisite (Td), copper blue and limonite (Lm)

Mineral generation order: magnetite → hematite → pyrite → sphalerite - chalcopyrite → chalcopyrite - zoisite → galena → copper blue → limonite