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Author: China Dayu
Link:/question/20937034/answer/43307536
Source: Zhihu.
When ruminants rest, their mouths keep chewing, that is, chewing the food in their stomachs again. The stomach of ruminants such as cattle and sheep is divided into four parts. In China, these compartments are called "X Stomach" respectively, so they are called four stomachs. These stomachs with different shapes and functions not only provide cattle and sheep with the function of digesting grass, but also provide people who love Islamic diet with different tastes. I don't know how much I ate, but now it's time to sum it up.
The first part of the stomach of cattle and sheep is called rumen, which is the largest compartment and connected with esophagus. There are many papillae in rumen. These protrusions have different shapes, some thick and some thin. They look like Mao Mao or rubbed on towels. You can order "shredded belly with chopped pepper" in the restaurant and use this part. Ruminants are ruminants, probably related to rumen. Connected with the rumen is the second part: reticular stomach, which must be familiar to everyone. There are hexagonal honeycomb folds on the inner wall, which are obviously like fishing nets. This part is called "gourd" in tripe and "money belly" in Hong Kong (Hong Kong compatriots, can you order something unrelated to money? )。
Rete means net in Latin, and reticulum is the small word of "net", that is, "small net"; Just as cigarette is a small word for cigar, in Cantonese, "bowl" is a small word for "bowl". One year, a rice noodle shop in Hong Kong asked for a "bowl", but the boss actually brought a warm dish. Obviously, the papillae in rumen and honeycomb folds in reticular structure are to increase the surface area of inner wall. Although the internal structure of these two parts is different, their functions are the same. The chewed food flows between these two compartments and is layered, and the high-density solid matter sinks to the bottom of the stomach and flows back to the esophagus when ruminating, so that cattle and sheep can chew again. This shows that the place connecting esophagus must be in the middle and lower end of rumen, which can be seen in the picture. In rumen and reticulum, microorganisms ferment grass mixed with saliva, which can decompose cellulose in grass (cellulose fermentation produces acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, which is called volatile fatty acid (VFA)). Rumen is connected with esophagus, which is called "ingestion" in the process of tripe, and it is not easy to chew. In Chinese food, "belly collar" is the first-class product of tripe, which is tender and chewy. Whether frying or frying, this kind of abdominal collar is a protruding partition tissue in rumen. The deep-fried belly chef divided the belly collar into three parts, and the last one was called "Girder". The girdle has been stripped and stripped, leaving only the core called "Duckner", which is the best in Duckner and the favorite of horses. The abdominal collar bulges inward and looks like a ditch outside the stomach, which is called "ditch" professionally.
Coronarius) ",I didn't expect this to have a coronal groove.
After ruminating, liquid food flows into the third compartment of the stomach: the flap stomach, which cattle call a louver and sheep call a sandan, just like a page, so westerners call it a Bible or a butcher shop.
The Bible, the butcher's Bible. In Hong Kong, tofu skin (called dried tofu in the northeast) is also called louver. It seems that in Hong Kong, there are beef louvers before tofu skin. The function of double-valve stomach is not known scientifically, but at least it has the function of absorbing water and inorganic minerals into the blood. The fourth part is the place where the stomachs of other animals (such as human stomachs or pig stomachs) play the same role. The place where pepsin and gastric acid can be secreted to digest protein is called abomasum, which can be seen from Latin as ab+ bilobed stomach. Like the stomach of monogastric animals, there is a greasy mucous membrane in the abomasum, similar to the mucus on the surface of mushrooms. So in the tripe shop, wrinkles are called "mushrooms", and the joint between abomasum and small intestine is called "mushroom head", which is actually the pyloric sphincter.