The management and maintenance of white wax-saving bonsai can be summarized by "big water, big fertilizer and big sun" Big water: that is, there must be enough water, and wet is better than dry; Large fertilizer: thin fertilizer should be applied frequently in the growing season, and it should be applied once every 5-7 days to facilitate absorption by trees and avoid waste of fertilizer solution. Fertilization time is generally carried out in sunny afternoon when the basin soil is dry, and after fertilization, water is used to flush the leaves. In rainy days, when the soil in the basin is wet, the roots can't breathe well, so they are not easy to absorb after fertilization. Big sun: Even in the dog days, as long as the water keeps up with the high temperature and strong sunshine of 380c-400c, it can also be seen that the branches sprout and grow, and there is little self-shearing phenomenon at the tips, which shows that its adaptability is particularly strong.

(A) water management

Water more in spring, water more in summer and autumn, and water antifreeze well in winter. Although the plants have sprouted and grown leaves in spring, the temperature is not high and the humidity is high. Water the surface water once every five to seven days and the foliar water once every three days, which can be flexibly mastered according to the conditions of seedlings, leaves and soil.

Summer temperature is high, evaporation is large, which is the peak season for the growth of Fraxinus curcas. Fraxinus curcas is strong in nature and likes water and fertilizer, so it is necessary to water more. Generally, the ground water is poured once every three to five days, and the foliar water is poured twice a day. The watering time and amount are determined according to the temperature and the situation of saplings. The watering time (foliar watering) is generally before 10: 00 in the morning and after 3: 00 in the afternoon, which is beneficial to the growth of trees.

Autumn is the last growth period of Fraxinus chinensis before winter. As the weather gets colder, the water consumption of plants also decreases with the influence of seasonal climate change, and foliar water is watered once a day.

In winter, plants gradually enter the dormant period. When the weather is cold, the watering time should be in the morning, and it is not easy to water in the evening. It is necessary to prevent the moisture of the soil from decreasing after watering and affecting the movement of root system to make nutrition at night, and to pour enough antifreeze before the cold wave comes.

(2) Soil management

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The geological structure in the natural distribution area of Fraxinus chinensis is complex and there are many soil-forming parent materials. Strata existed from the ancient Proterozoic to the fourth century of Cenozoic, and even all strata of Holocene, forming a variety of parent material types and different soil types.

Physical properties of soil species and soil. The main rocks are sandstone, shale, flint and limestone. There are mainly four types of soils: yellow brown soil, calcareous soil, fluvo-aquic soil and paddy soil, among which limestone soil is the most widely distributed, calcareous soil

Rich in calcium, strong in hydrochloric acid reaction, mostly neutral to slightly alkaline reaction. Lime soil may have shallow soil layer, exposed rocks, high gravel content and poor site conditions due to young weathering and soil erosion. But because

Due to wind erosion and soil erosion for many years, deep and fertile soil layers in mountainsides, foothills, valleys between two mountains and on both sides of rivers and ditches have become the main suitable environment for Fraxinus curcas, which also reflects that Fraxinus curcas is a kind of.

Calcophilic plants.

According to the soil in the northern region, it belongs to sandy soil with heavy sand content, so it is easy to cause soil hardening when watered frequently, so it is necessary to loosen the soil often, usually once every seven days, otherwise, the ground water will not pour in and the water will overflow.

(3) Scientific fertilization

tree

Wood needs oxygen and nutrition like people, and it needs to eat every day like people. The principle of fertilization for Fraxinus chinensis is to eat less and eat more meals. Generally, fertilization is compound fertilizer, and chlorine-free compound fertilizer should be selected. If the leaves turn yellow, a small amount should be added.

When applying fertilizer, ferrous sulfate should vary from tree to tree, so it can't be evenly distributed. If it grows well, it should be applied less and not applied, and if it grows weakly, it should be applied more and frequently. According to the growth type, treat it differently. Fertilization should be applied in holes, that is, ditching and putting fertilizer in it.

Cover it with soil, which will help the fertilizer to play well. Each fertilization is generally large tree 1 kg, with a decimal of 0.5 kg. Fertilization should be even, away from the tree and not too close. Fertilization is applied once a year in winter, once in spring and once in summer.

The simplest way to judge whether it is short of water, fertilizer and sunshine is to observe the sprouting of its new shoots: when fertilizer, water and sunshine are sufficient, the branches from the treetops are stout, the tender branches and leaves are purple and turn green gradually; When insufficient, the branches are thin and weak, and the young leaves are light green. 5~7 days before picking leaves and cutting branches and buds, cake fertilizer and water must be applied once. In the peak growth season, new buds will sprout three days after strong cutting. After the new buds sprout, cake fertilizer and water should be applied again, and the ratio of water to fertilizer is 8: 1. The more plump the branches are, the more pruning times can be increased.

Pest control of Fraxinus curcas

Except for alkaline soil and long-term sprinkler irrigation of tap water, the leaves of Fraxinus chinensis have yellowing disease, and no other bacteria have been seen to invade. Yellowing disease should be dissolved with ferrous sulfate in water at a ratio of 1:400, and then irrigated once every other week for 3~5 consecutive times.

The pests that invade Fraxinus chinensis have not occurred in the first few years, but in recent years, there are two main species: one is thrips, the larva is about 1.5mm long, which often harms the newly developed leaves in spring, making the edges of the leaves roll out, making the newly sprouted tips shrink into a ball, unable to stretch, and the heart leaves gradually wither. Spray with 800~ 1500 times of dichlorvos, 80% emulsifiable concentrate 1000~ 1500 times of dichlorvos, or 0/000 ~ 2000 times of mirex1000 times of mirex; Or after the damage period of the larvae, when the diseased leaves are removed and normal, new leaves are promoted to return to normal. The other is Bladder Scale and Red Scale. For trees with insufficient sunshine and weak trees, they are mostly harmful to branches and suck sap. It can be sprayed with 20% pyrethrin 2000 times solution in May-June and September-0/1month at the peak of larval hatching, and it is best to kill the pests manually when they just occur.