The luminous cup of grape wine reminds you immediately if you want to drink Pipa. ——Tang Dynasty·Wang Han's "Two Liangzhou Ci Poems·One" A luminous cup of grape wine, urge you to drink pipa immediately. The luminous cup of grape wine reminds you immediately if you want to drink Pipa.
Lord Grim is lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times? Three Hundred Tang Poems, Boldness, Frontier, War, Banquet. Translations and annotations of 100 ancient early education poems
Translation
At the wine feast, the mellow grape wine is filled into the exquisite luminous cup Among them, the singers played quick and cheerful pipa music to encourage people to drink. The soldiers were all full of pride when they thought about riding on horseback and rushing to the battlefield to kill the enemy and serve the country.
Today I must get drunk before I can rest. So what if I fall drunk on the battlefield? This time I went on an expedition to serve my country. I originally planned to wrap my body in horse leather, but I didn't plan to come back alive. Appreciation
The poet sets the first sentence of this opening chapter with passionate brushstrokes, sonorous and exciting tones, and beautiful and dazzling words. The "Luminous Cup of Grape Wine" is like a curtain suddenly opening, showing in front of people's eyes a grand banquet full of colors, dazzling arrays and overflowing with the aroma of wine. This scene surprises and excites people, creating an atmosphere and setting the tone for the lyrical tone of the poem.
The word "want to drink" at the beginning of the second sentence exaggerates the extraordinary alluring charm of this feast of wine and food, and shows the bold and cheerful character of the soldiers. Just when everyone was "wanting to drink", the band played the pipa and the banquet began. The rapid and cheerful rhythm seemed to urge the soldiers to raise their glasses and drink, making the already warm atmosphere suddenly boil. This poem changes the customary syllables of the seven-character sentence and adopts the syntax of two up and five down, which further enhances its appeal. The word "urge" here, some people say, means to urge departure, which seems difficult to connect with the following. Some people interpret it as: no matter how much you urge, you should still drink as usual. This is also not in line with the heroic and cheerful mental state of the soldiers. The word "horse" often reminds people of "set off". In fact, among the barbarians in the Western Regions, the pipa was originally played on horseback. "The pipa will be heard soon" is intended to exaggerate a scene of joyful feasting.
The third and fourth lines of the poem are about drinking and drinking at the banquet. In the past, some people thought that these two sentences were "a broad-minded statement that made people feel sad". Others said: "I pretended to talk about drinking heavily, but I feel extremely sad." Although the words are different, they are all inseparable from the word "sad". Later, words such as gloomy, sad, sentimental, anti-war, etc. were used to summarize the thoughts and feelings of this poem, based on three or four sentences, especially the last sentence. "How many people have fought in ancient times" is obviously an exaggeration. Shi Buhua in the Qing Dynasty said these two lines of poetry: "If you make it sad, it will be easy to read; if you make it funny, it will be wonderful, and it will be understood by the scholar." ("Xian Maid's Poems") The reason why it is said that "if it is sad, it will be easy to read" is because Because it is not advocating the horror of war, nor is it expressing distaste for military life, nor is it lamenting the loss of life. Looking back at the scene of the banquet: listening to the cheerful and exciting sound of pipa, the soldiers were really in high spirits. After a while of drinking, the soldiers became slightly tipsy. Maybe someone wanted to put the cup away. At this time, someone in the audience shouted: What are you afraid of? Just get drunk. Even if you are lying drunk on the battlefield, please don't laugh. "How many people have fought in ancient times?" You have already ignored life and death. It can be seen that these three and four sentences are just words to persuade people to drink during the banquet, and they are not sad. Although they are a bit "joking", they also find the most "reason" for getting drunk with the most environmental and character characteristics. ". "Lying drunk on the battlefield" not only shows bold, cheerful and excited feelings, but also the courage to face death, which is consistent with the warm atmosphere displayed by the luxurious banquet. This is a joyful feast, and the scene and artistic conception are definitely not just one or two people drinking and drinking to drown their sorrows. The emotions reflected in its bright language and ups and downs of rhythm are unrestrained and fanatical; it shows an artistic charm of excitement and yearning, which is the characteristic of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. New Interpretation
The seven-character quatrain "Liangzhou Song": "The luminous cup of grape wine, I want to drink the pipa immediately, Don't laugh when you are lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times."
"The author Wang Han, whose courtesy name is Ziyu, was born in Jinyang, Bingzhou in the Tang Dynasty. Regarding this poem, Sun Zhu, a retired scholar from Hengtang, the editor of "Three Hundred Tang Poems", commented: "Writing broad-minded words makes me feel sad. "Sun Zhu is worthy of being a close friend, and his eight-character comment accurately expresses the meaning of this poem.
This poem not only has far-reaching meaning, but also has the scenery of the frontier fortress before your eyes. It is really There are paintings in poems and poems in paintings. In the Li and Tang dynasties, where music was highly developed, there were not only paintings in poems and poems in paintings, but also music in poems and poems in music.
If you are familiar with it. If you read the music of the Tang Dynasty, you will understand that "If you want to drink Pipa, please drink immediately" refers to the two different tunes of "Pipa" and "Masu". The "Masu" in the poem is the so-called "Masu music". , is the military music of "drums and horns blowing horizontally". Looking back on history, "drums and horns blowing horizontally" that combines the music of Beidi and the Western Regions began in the Han Dynasty. It is said in history: "Zhang Qian entered the Western Regions and spread his method to Xijing, and he only got "Maha Doule". song. Li Yannian created the twenty-eight interpretations of the new voice because of this, and Cheng Yu thought it was a martial art. "
This kind of "martial music" (that is, military music) with "drums and horns blowing horizontally" is called "horizontal blowing" in the palace; when traveling in the army, it is called "riding blowing". Later generations due to "Qi Chui" is played on horseback, also known as "horse music". For example, in the "Preface to Pipa Fu" by Fu Xuan of the Western Jin Dynasty, there is a saying of "Music on Horseback" in "Old Book of Tang Dynasty": "Beidi Music". , it can be seen that the three kingdoms of Xianbei, Tuyuhun and Tribeji are all happy immediately. If you are advocating for our army, please play it immediately. Therefore, since the Han Dynasty, Beidi music has always advocated the Department. "
During the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, "horse music" has become the proper name for the "drum and horn blowing" military music formed by integrating Beidi and Western Region music.
Understand the word "horse" Allusions, we can know: the music described in "Liangzhou Song", in addition to the folk music played by "pipa" and other instruments, there is also "horse" military music, which forms a strong contrast with the so-called "desire to drink". "Pipa is coming soon" means: The frontier fortress soldiers were about to enjoy the melodious music played by pipa and other musical instruments, so as to drink swigs. Suddenly, the sound of horseback military music with golden drums, clangs and horns sounded in the distance. This horseback military music made They returned to the reality of the upcoming expedition.
"Liangzhou Song" is not only a masterpiece of "music in poetry", but also a masterpiece of "poetry in music". The strong contrast has a profound meaning. It is difficult to understand the meaning of the music if it is not clear.
Based on the above analysis, the profound ancient poem "Liangzhou Song" can be translated as follows. Vernacular: Creation Background New Book of Tang Dynasty·Le Zhi" says: "Tianbaojian music tunes are all named after border areas, such as Liangzhou, Yizhou, Ganzhou and so on. "This poem has a strong local color. Judging from the title, Liangzhou belongs to the northwest border; judging from the content, wine was a specialty of the Western Regions at that time, luminous cups were imported from the Western Regions, pipa was produced in the Western Regions, and Hujia was a popular musical instrument in the Northwest. This group of Qijue is a set of beautiful frontier poems by Wang Han, a talented poet from Jinyang, Bingzhou (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province). Not passed down. Only 14 of his poems are included in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". Mr. Wen Yiduo's "Tang Poetry Collection" sets the year of Wang Han's birth and death as 687 to 726 AD, but no precise material basis is provided.
Wang Han, I am drinking new wine, and the chicken is close. Wine brings sorrow to the wild geese. When the wine falls, it turns into tears of lovesickness. It is easy to get drunk with wine, but it is difficult to meet the opponent. The wine is more beautiful in autumn. Wait, three hundred glasses of wine. A new song and a glass of wine. The weather in the old pavilion was so dark that the farmers had plenty of chickens and pigs to drink in the good years. The road is long but I want to sleep. I am thirsty and thinking about tea last night. The rain and wind are so heavy that I can't drink the remaining wine. I will exchange for the wine and share the eternal sorrow with you.