First, soil cultivation and fertilization before sowing
Alfalfa has small seeds, thin buds and poor top soil strength. The soil preparation must be fine, the ground should be flat, the clods should be fine, there should be no weeds, and the soil moisture should be good.
Alfalfa root system is developed and buried deeply, and the sowing ground should be turned deeply to make the root system fully developed. Alfalfa has a long growth period, and it is mowed and utilized many times every year, so it absorbs more nutrients from the soil.
Before sowing, shallow ploughing or harrowing should be carried out, combined with deep ploughing or shallow ploughing before sowing, and organic fertilizer 1500 ~ 2500 kg and phosphate fertilizer 20 ~ 30 kg should be applied per mu as base fertilizer.
Second, how to plant alfalfa seeds
(1) seed treatment: the seeds should be dried for 2-3 days before sowing to break dormancy and improve germination rate and seedling uniformity.
(2) Sowing amount: grassland per mu 1.5 kg, dry land, sloping land or alpine land per mu 1.8 ~ 2.0 kg.
(3) Sowing time: Sowing in spring. After the land is thawed in spring, sowing and sowing crops in spring are carried out simultaneously. Sow in summer. When there is little rain in spring in arid areas and the soil moisture is poor, sow after rain in summer. Autumn sowing should not be later than mid-August, otherwise it will reduce the overwintering rate of seedlings.
(4) Sowing depth: depending on soil moisture and texture, the soil is deep when dry, shallow when wet, deeper than loam and shallow when heavy clay, generally 1 ~ 2.5cm. ..
(5) Seeding method: drilling unicast. The row spacing of drill sowing is 25 ~ 30cm, and it should be raked flat after sowing. It is not only the low alfalfa yield in that year, but also the next year's harvest, so it is best to implement unicast.
Three, alfalfa planting technology points
(1) Management: The seedlings grow slowly and are vulnerable to weeds, so weeding should be done in time.
(2) Weeding and fertilizing: intertillage, topdressing and watering should be carried out before turning green in early spring or after the previous mowing. Topdressing once after mowing, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer as the supplement, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 5: 5.
(3) Harvesting: it can be mowed 3-4 times a year, and harvested from the end of budding stage to the early flowering stage, and the stubble height of alfalfa is 5-7 cm. The average yield of hay per mu is 1000 kg-2,000 kg, and the high yield can reach more than 4,000 kg.
Fourth, alfalfa pest control.
There are many diseases and insect pests in alfalfa, such as downy mildew, rust and brown spot, which can be controlled by downy mildew, fenxiuning and Bailitong.
Pests include aphids, thrips, blind stinkbug, scarabs, etc. 25% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times solution can spray aphids. Once pests and diseases are found, if it is close to mowing time, mowing should be done in advance.