Mandala (Darura?stramonium?Linn), flowering May-September, fruiting June-October mandala flower interpretation of the name of the wind box, mountain eggplant. White mandarins are native to India, the name of the flower is also a transliteration of Sanskrit. Mandarins are also known as maple eggplant flowers, dog walnut, peach blossom, foreign gold flowers, wild hemp, drunken flowers, etc., for the family Solanaceae wild erect woody herbs. It is also categorized into large-flowered (white-flowered) mandarins, red-flowered mandarins, purple-flowered mandarins and other species. The main ingredients of mandrake flower are scopolamine, scopolamine and a small amount of atropine, while the main ingredient that plays an anesthetic role is scopolamine. Because of its main role is to make the muscle relaxation, sweat gland secretion is inhibited, so the ancients will be named this drug "sweat medicine" is extremely accurate.

[Edit paragraph]Origin

"Mantouro" is a translation of the Sanskrit language, the Tibetan language called "Jigou", that is, the altar. Mantras have many layers of meaning, it as a symbol of the origin of the cosmic world structure, is one of the widely used offerings, but also the diversity of the gods and gods gathered in the model of the epitome of residence. The significance of offering a mandala is to dedicate the three thousand worlds to the Three Jewels of Buddha, Dharma and Sangha by filling them with the most precious treasures in the world. Buddhist scriptures, Sakyamuni became a Buddha, the earth shook, the gods praised, hell, hungry ghosts and animals of the three paths of the many sufferings, a moment to rest, the drums of the sky, issued a wonderful sound, the sky rains mandala flowers, Manjusha flowers, gold flowers, silver flowers, glazed flowers, treasure flowers, seven jewels of lotus flowers, and so on. At this point, Shakyamuni has achieved the fruits of the Bodhi Way, so he began to teach the disciples, teaching the true meaning of the universe that he had realized. Legend has it that, in the Western world of Elysium, in the land of the Buddha, the air is often filled with celestial music, and the ground is decorated with gold. There is an extremely fragrant and beautiful flower called the mandala flower, which falls from the sky day and night without interruption, filling the ground with color. The wide spectrum of flowers" cited "Dharma Flower Sutra" said: the Buddha said when the sky rains mandala flowers. It seems that this flower and the Buddha have a relationship. Mandarins like the court of those who pick official concubines wind shadow things as confusing. Flowering in August, September to pick the fruit. Flower connoisseurs call it a bad guest, probably because the wandering mandarins can suddenly grow elsewhere. The Compendium of Materia Medica gives a detailed account of the origins of the mandrake: when the Buddha spoke, a rain of mandrake flowers fell from the sky; whereas Taoist secret books record that there are mandrake messengers called mandrake messengers in the Big Dipper who carry this flower in their hands. The Sanskrit word for mandala flower is Mandarava,? About its color, the statement is very different. In the Buddhist scriptures, mandala flower means aptitude, which means that anyone who sees it will feel pleasure. It contains the spirit of insight, transcendental realization, and infinite illusion. Those who have this spirit can become Mandala Immortals. As a tantric mystical motif, the mandala shows its complexity. The psychologist Jung saw the mystery in it and said that it represents a spiritual order like a mathematical formula symbol.

[Edit Paragraph]Distribution

Mandala is native to the tropics and subtropics, China's provinces are distributed. Prefer warm, sunny and well-drained sandy loam. Widespread throughout the country. Mainly harm cotton, beans, potatoes, vegetables and so on.

[Edit Paragraph]Buddhist definition

Mandala or mandala, mandala, mananda, manza, mandala, Sanskrit: mandala. meaning for the altar, to the wheel around the foot with mandala flowers or "gathered" for the original meaning. It refers to the gathering place of all sages and virtues. Manza is the most complete and skillful method of accumulating blessings and wisdom, and offering the entire universe in the form of a mandala is the quickest, easiest, and most complete of many methods. Mandala is monks and Tibetans daily practice of the secret method of the "heart of the universe map", **** there are four kinds, that is, the so-called "four Man for the phase", usually in a circle or square-based, quite symmetrical, with a center point.

[Edit Paragraph]Culture

Mandala is also known as the foreign golden flower, trumpet flower, mountain eggplant, etc., more wild in the field, ditch, roadside, riverbanks, mountain slopes and other places, native to India. It is native to India. It is also known as Round Hua, White Dumpling Hua, Suitable Hua, and Pleasant Hua. Ashoka Sutra 7 says: 'Mantra, turn round Hua.' Dharma Hua Guangzhu Speech I said: 'Mandala Hua, translated as a small white mass of Hua. Mahamandala Hua is translated as the Great White Dumpling Hua.' Dharma Hua Xuan Zan II said: 'Mandala Hua, this cloud is suitable for the mind, the heart of the person who sees it is happy.' Huiyuan Yinyi said: 'Mandala Hua, this cloud pleasant Hua, also known as mixed colors Hua, also known as soft Hua, also known as heavenly wonderful Hua.'

[Edit Paragraph]Morphology

The stem is stout and erect, the plant is 50-150cm tall, the whole plant is smooth and glabrous, sometimes there are sparse hairs on the young leaves. The upper part is often bifurcately branched. Leaves alternate, leaf blade broadly ovate, margin irregularly undulate lobed or sparsely toothed, long-petiolate. Veins sparsely pubescent. Flowers solitary mandarins in leaf axils or branch forks; calyx 5-toothed tube, corolla funnelform, white to purple. Capsule erect, surface with stiff spines, ovoid. Seeds slightly compressed reniform, black-brown. Stem erect, stout, main stem often woody. Leaves broadly ovate, margin regularly undulate-lobed, base often skewed. Flowers solitary leaf axils, corolla funnel-shaped, 7-10cm long, tube light green, upper white; corolla with purple halo for purple-flowered mandarins. Flowering in summer and fall. Sowing method of reproduction. Mandevilla plant tall, large and beautiful flowers, suitable for background material or for the wildlife garden. About 16 species of plants in the same genus, commonly cultivated and fragrant mandarins (D. inoxia); red flower mandarins (D. Sanguinen); white flower mandarins (D. me-tel) and so on.

[edit paragraph]Role

Mandragora is divided into large-flowered (white-flowered) mandragora, red-flowered mandragora, purple-flowered mandragora and other species. Mandrake flowers are mainly composed of scopolamine, scopolamine and a small amount of atropine, and the main component that plays an anesthetic role is scopolamine. Because of its main role is to make the muscle relaxation, sweat gland secretion is inhibited, so the ancients will be named this drug "sweat medicine" is extremely accurate. Since the 20th century, since the 70s, with mandarins as the main Chinese medicine anesthetics to shine, this anesthesia has attracted the attention of foreign medical experts, for the world of medicine has made a contribution. Mandragora flowers can be used not only for anesthesia, but also for the treatment of disease. Its leaves, flowers, seeds can be used as medicine, taste pungent and warm, with a large poison. Flowers can remove rheumatism, asthma and pain, can cure eclampsia and cold croup, decoction soup wash for all wind paralysis and cold damp feet. Petals of the analgesic effect is particularly good, can cure neuralgia and so on. Leaves and seeds can be used to relieve cough and pain. Because of the mandrake flower is highly toxic, national sales restrictions, special needs must be prescribed by the relevant doctor to control the use of fixed-point.

[Edit this paragraph]Language

Black mandala flower language:Infernal love and revenge! Represents unpredictable death and love mortal lovelessness and vengeance, hurt tough traumatized mind, raw path of no return. Mandala flower: light and dark realm **** there are flower species, only grows in the Yin cold land. Mandala flower purple mandala - terror. Blue mandala - fraudulent love, cheating love. Pink mandala - fitful. Green mandala - the hope of endless life. Golden mandala - adoration, born lucky, with unending happiness. White mandala - love flower, if swallowed with wine, it makes people laugh and has a narcotic effect. It is a flower that blooms in the sky, white and soft, and evil removes itself from those who see it. Red mandala is not Manjusshahua, mandala for the Solanaceae Mandragora genus, Manjusshahua is the Asparagus order, Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus genus, origin is China, Manjusshahua is the other side of the flower.

[edit]Legend

There is a legend of the black mandala, each pot of black mandala flowers live in a genie, they can help you realize the wishes of your heart! However, they also have a quid pro quo, which is human blood! As long as you use your own blood to water the black enchanting mandala flowers, flowers in the genie will help you realize the wishes of the heart! It can only be watered with blood, for they love this passionate and deadly sensation! Mandragora: a cursed flower that grows in the desert, the desert, no one who finds a mandragora can leave in peace. Clear and beautiful, with enchanting branches and leaves, it is highly poisonous. No solution, also known as the love flower. There is a legend: the desert is God because of human desire to implement the punishment. All the life in the desert only rely on the water god in the center of the desert. Until the water god fell in love with a woman who led the clan to find water, God's anger, to destroy the soul of the water god, the desert flower god Mandala to his own and his *** into the earth as the price of reincarnation, ask God to forgive, God for her infatuation, only the water god expelled from the heavenly realm, since then, there is no water in the desert, the mandarin has become a cursed flower. The poison is in the body.

[edit]Poisoning

Overview

Mandrake poisoning is caused by accidental ingestion of mandrake seeds, fruits, leaves and flowers, and its main components are scopolamine, atropine and eastern scorpio-yellow mandrake flower scopolamine. The above components have the effect of excitation of the central nervous system, blocking the M-choline response system, counteracting and paralyzing the parasympathetic nerves. Clinical manifestations are mainly dry mouth and throat, difficulty in swallowing, hoarseness, rapid pulse, pupil dilation, delirium hallucinations, convulsions, etc., and in severe cases, further coma and respiratory and gyratory failure and death. The whole plant is poisonous, with the seeds being the most toxic, and children can be poisoned after serving 3-8 pills. Generally in the oral 0.5-2 hours that is completely absorbed by the oral cavity and gastric mucosa and symptoms of poisoning.

Clinical manifestations

1. Symptoms generally appear 0.5-2 hours after eating, early symptoms of mouth, throat dryness, dysphagia, hoarseness, rapid pulse, pupil dilatation, dry skin flushing, fever, etc. 2. 2-6 hours after eating can appear delirium, hallucinations, agitation, convulsions, disorders of consciousness and other psychological symptoms. 3. In severe cases, the patient often falls asleep in 12-24 hours, and the respiration is shallow and slow, and the blood pressure drops to the point of shock, coma and respiratory paralysis and other critical signs.

Diagnostic basis

1. History of overdose or accidental ingestion of poison. 2. Sudden onset of symptoms with obvious central nervous system symptoms, accompanied by special clinical signs such as flushing of the cheeks, dry mucous membranes, and pupil dilatation. 3. Mandrake seeds, leaves, or flowers may be found in the lavage of the stomach. 4. Cat's-eye dilated pupil test and toxicological analysis are positive.

Treatment principles

1. Emetic, gastric lavage, diarrhea. Mandrake flower.2. Intravenous fluids and diuresis to accelerate the diarrhea of poison.3. Detoxification therapy.4. Symptomatic supportive therapy.

Principles of medication

1. Early mild mandrake poisoning can be applied to toxic lentil alkaloids or toxic lentil alkaloids and hairy fruit rue alkaloids alternately.2. Severe poisoning intramuscular injection of neostigmine or Tengxilon, should be early and adequate application of adrenocorticotropic hormone, strengthen the symptomatic supportive treatment.3. Original heart disease is advisable to be cautious with the use of neostigmine, in order to avoid cardiac arrest.

[edit]Medicinal value

Odor (flowers, seeds) pungent, warm, toxic. Indications 1?, sores on the face. With the mandarine flower dry, research for the end, take a little paste on the sores. 2?, the child slow fright. With seven mandarine flowers, two and a half dollars of asparagus, scorpion (fried) ten, Tiannanxing (cannon), dansha, frankincense two and a half dollars each, *** research for the end. Each serving half a penny, mint soup mix down. 3?, colon prolapse. With mandarins with a pair of shells, oak bucket sixteen, with filing, water decoction open three, five times, add a little Park Nitrogen to wash the affected area. 4?, for anesthesia. Autumn pick mandarine flowers, flaxseed flowers, shade dry, equal parts of the end, hot wine to serve three money. For a while that is drowsy as drunkenness. Cutting sores, burning fire should first take this, that is, do not feel the pain.

[Editorial] History of medicinal use

The invention and application of mandrake (Darura?stramonium?Linn) anesthetic, in our country has a history of at least two thousand years. The "Liezi. Tang Wen" records: the Warring States famous doctor Bian Magpie had used "poisonous wine" will be Lu Gong Hu, Zhao Qi baby two people "lost three mandarins day", to give them to do "chest probe heart" surgery. The "poisonous wine" here undoubtedly refers to anesthetics. In the Three Kingdoms era, Hua Tuo, a miracle doctor, developed an anesthetic called "Ma Bo San" on the basis of folk medicine, which was used in general and head surgery. In the Book of Later Han Dynasty, it was recorded in the biography of Hua Tuo that Hua Tuo biography" records: "If the disease is within, the needle and medicine can not be, is to make the first wine to take the ephedra, both drunk and unconscious, because of the router through the back of the abdomen, cutting the accumulation, if in the stomach and intestines, then the intestines decoction to remove the disease, both suture, applying the divine ointment, four or five days to create a healing, a month between the calm recovery." This is the world's earliest record of the application of anesthetics for major general surgery.? The anesthetics mentioned above, its main ingredient may be mandarins, but in fact, in the ancient books before the Song Dynasty, never mentioned the word "mandarins", only in the later medical books and novels on the use of mandarins as raw materials for the manufacture of anesthetics or sweat. The earliest in the Song Dynasty, Zhou Gojun "Lingnan generation answer" records: "Guangxi mandarins, all over the field, large leaves and white flowers, fruit such as eggplant and all over the small thorns, is the medicine man (poisonous) grass also. Thieves pick, dry end of the, in order to set people to eat and drink, so that the drunkenness, then take suitcase and tend." Song Dynasty, Dou material "magpie book of hearts" recorded internal anesthesia prescription "sleep Sheng San", wrote: "people can not tolerate the pain of moxa fire moxibustion, take this that is asleep, do not know the pain, but also does not hurt. This formula by the mountain eggplant flower (Mandragora), flax flower **** research for the end, each serving three money, a service that is sleeping." Yuan Dynasty surgeon Gui Yilin, "World Medicine to get effective formula" recorded with "Cao Wu San" for the whole bone anesthesia, the book reads: "Served if the hemp can not be, can be added to the mandarin flower and Cao Wu five money, with a good wine less with the service." ? Ming Dynasty Wei Joon, "the highest peak Ling record" records: "I official Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Division, Cao long (governing prison officials) Lings Long Jun, the management of Cao things, leaving the official to bear the seal to return to the apartment, the official on the way to meet a person, the cloud when to go to the Cao spies (Cao Department of the person who went to the complaint), led to his place, drinking wine, the official that is stupefied, and if and Jue, the seal for the second to go carry on. A few days, captured the thieves, I went with the interrogation, to the cloud: with the wind eggplant (mandarins) for the end, cast the wine to drink, that is, to sleep, must be wine gas is gone." Li Shizhen, a great medical doctor in the Ming Dynasty, in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" on the mandarins recorded: "Legend has it that this flower, laugh picking brewing wine to drink, make people laugh; dance picking brewing wine to drink, make people dance. I try this, drink half a sound, but also make a person or laugh or dance to lead, is also tested. In addition, Li Shicai also wrote: "August pick this flower, July pick fire hemp seed flowers, shade dry, equal parts into the end, hot wine mixing service three money, a few moments as drunk, cut sores and moxibustion fire, the first advisable to serve this, then do not feel the bitter also" Qing Dynasty "compilation of anecdotes of the Song Dynasty," recorded: "Fan Qi for the Hunan Transit Envoy, Wuxi barbarians against the Chinese wolf to gold and silk, official titles to lure them out, for the setting up of wine banquets, drinking with mandarins, drunkenness all kill, where thousands of people ......." In addition, the popular and well-known one of the four Chinese classical novels, "Water Margin", there is a paragraph that says, Wu Yu, Liu Tang, Ruan brothers and others in Huangni Gang to the masked sweating drug secretly put into the water wine, numbing over the green-faced beast Yang Zhi and picking the Shengcheng Gang of the 14 sergeants, and wisely took the Beijing Da Mingfu Liang Zhongshu sent to the old man, Cai Taishi, the value of 100,000 Guan of gold and silver jewels.? All these records and discourses above fully indicate that mandarins are the main ingredient in the manufacture of anesthetics and monohydrate. Since the 1970s, mandrake-based traditional Chinese medicine anesthetics re-launch, after more than 200,000 cases of clinical practice, this anesthesia has attracted the attention of foreign medical experts, and was included in the anesthesia monographs of various countries, contributing to the world's medical.? Mandragora flowers can be used not only for anesthesia, but also for the treatment of diseases. Its leaves, flowers and seeds can be used as medicine, pungent and warm, with great toxicity. Flowers can remove rheumatism, asthma and pain, can cure eclampsia and cold croup, decoction soup wash to cure all the wind paralysis and cold damp feet. Petals of the analgesic effect is particularly good, can cure neuralgia and so on. Leaves and seeds can be used to relieve cough and pain. Because of the mandrake flower is highly toxic, national sales restrictions, special needs must be prescribed by the relevant doctor to control the use of fixed-point, especially beware of the use of unscrupulous elements. Mandragora widely distributed in the world temperate to tropical areas, China's provinces and regions are produced. Mandragora - seductive and extremely strong flower species, flower color ups and downs, showy and incomparable, subject to the caress of the witch, with an evil source, easy to make people stained with evil ......? Mandragora is a plant of the Solanaceae family, poisonous, it is divided into large-flowered (white-flowered) mandarins, red-flowered mandarins, purple-flowered mandarins and other species. The main ingredients of mandrake flowers are scopolamine, scopolamine and a small amount of atropine, while the main ingredient white mandrake flowers that play an anesthetic role is scopolamine. In addition to surgical anesthetics and painkillers, but also as an aphrodisiac and treatment of epilepsy, snakebite, rabies. Hugo's "The Laughing Man" describes the use of mandrake by the madman Dr. Seuss, who was familiar with the properties and various benefits of mandrake, who knew that this grass has a yin and yang gender. Since the beginning of ancient Egypt, the yin power of the mandrake is always around all know, there is an Egyptian mural is said to be the ancient Egyptians feast guests, often take the mandrake fruit to the guests to smell, because the mandrake fruit is rich in psychedelic properties, can make the guests have a sense of euphoria. Mandragora sex is cold, its flowers, leaves juice with the role of excitation of the nerve center. Taste astringent, its sap refined flower oil flavor light, fine smell is not easy to detect, but often inadvertently smell the fragrance, can be used for incense burner incense, moderate amount of refreshing, too much will also be poisoned. Because of its sap has the role of excitation of the nerve center, so swallowing can produce excitation, and hallucinations can occur. If accidentally eaten too much can lead to excessive excitation of the nerve center and suddenly reversed to inhibit the function of the body to plummet, often resulting in death. The white mandarins are also known as love flowers, such as wine swallowed, will make people laugh, anesthesia. Black mandala smell can not even smell? The mandala flower is both the doorway to the gate of lust and the base for constructing the bloom, which is spread out and becomes the grand mandala dojo. However, it is difficult to know, mandarins have a showy appearance, musky leaves, trumpet-shaped flowers, but the smell is very unique, and some people who have come into contact with it think that it is not only unattractive, and it can be said that its smell is extremely unpleasant. As the "trumpet of the angels", the ancients were willing to stupefy the way, mortgaged reason and become a prisoner of feeling, loaded themselves on a leaf, in order to arrive at the mystery of the oracle. Flower LanguageBlack Mandala Flower Language: ------- Infernal Love and Revenge!!!? Represents unpredictable death and love. Pink Mandala Flower Language - Suitability. Black Mandala is a poignant and eerie flower, she is beautiful and somber . Legend has it that black mandalas cultivated with care can be psychicMandala Datura?metel?L. SourceThis product is the dried flower of white-flowered mandala Datura?metel?L., family Solanaceae. Generic name wind eggplant flower, lantana flower. The prescription should be accompanied by writing Yang Jinhua paid prepared Yang Jinhua. Concoction of raw Yang Jinhua sea original medicine to remove residual sprays, calyx and other impurities, sieve off the gray debris. Preparation of Yang Jinhua? Mix the raw digital gold flower with ginger juice, to be absorbed, slightly moist. Cut into 1 ~ 2mm fine silk. Place in the pot, fry dry. Spray white wine while hot, mix well, slightly smothered, dry. Each raw crocus 100kg, with ginger 25kg juice, 60 degrees white wine 12.5kg. traits raw crocus? This product is striped, for the removal of the calyx of the flower, more curved and crumpled, 9 to 14cm long, light crop English begging to brownish-yellow. Corolla is funnel-shaped, apical 5-lobed, more broken, the base tube, with longitudinal straight stripes, within the stamens and pistils. After immersion in water, 5 stamens are visible, filaments are extremely long, adnate to the inner surface of the corolla tube, anthers more than 1cm long. The texture is soft. Gas slightly, taste slightly hard. The production of flowers? This product is in the form of filaments, varying in length. More crumpled and broken, yellow-brown to yellow-brown, visible broken anthers, some visible scorched spots. Soft texture. Slightly ginger and wine smell, taste slightly hard. Taste: pungent, warm; poisonous. Functions and Indications calms asthma and cough, analgesic, antispasmodic. Apply to asthma and cough, cold pain in the stomach and abdomen, rheumatism and paralysis, pediatric slow fright and so on. Usage and dosage 0.3 ~ 0.6g, more into the adult pharmaceutical preparations; the production of flowers more as cigarettes burned in small doses (a day's amount of no more than 1.5g), should not be decocted; appropriate amount for external use. Store in dry containers to prevent mold and moth. Attention 1. Raw flowers are toxic Chinese medicine, should be used in accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Management of Toxic Drugs for Medical Purposes". 2. External sensations and phlegm-heat coughing and asthma, glaucoma, hypertension patients should not be taken; heart disease, liver and kidney dysfunction or physical weakness, and pregnant women should not be used.

[edit]Li Shizhen and mandarine

Li Shizhen heard people say, there is a drug in the north, called mandarine flowers, eaten will make people dance, and serious anesthesia. Li Shizhen left his hometown and came to the north in order to look for Mandragora flowers. Finally found a single stem straight up four, five feet high, white mandarine leaves like eggplant leaves, flowers like petunias, early opening and closing of the night of the cranberry flower, he also in order to grasp the performance of the cranberry flower, personally try to "be tested." And wrote down "cut sores and moxibustion fire, it is appropriate to take this first, then do not feel bitter. According to modern pharmacological analysis, cranberry flower contains scopolamine, the central nervous system has excited the brain and medulla oblongata effect on the endings have antagonistic or paralytic parasympathetic effect. Li Shizhen in doing cranesbill flower toxicity test, associated with the herbal book on the soybean has a detoxification of the poisonous records, but also carried out a number of tests, confirmed the use of soybean alone is not possible to play a detoxification effect, if coupled with a flavor of licorice, there are good results, and said: "such a thing, you can not know".

[edit]Pest control

1?Black spot disease: black leaves, spots nearly round, diameter 2 ~ 14mm, at first light brown, gradually become gray-brown, and finally become brown, with concentric whorls, air humidity when the spots on the birth of light black mold, serious spots in succession, local dead, and can harm the capsule. Prevention and control methods: clear the garden in the fall, burn the remains of the disease plant, reduce the source of bacteria. It can also be sprayed with 75% Chlorothalonil 500-600 times liquid or compound Chlorothalonil 500 times liquid at the early stage of the disease.2. Sooty mold: The larvae are harmful to the buds and flowers of the mandarins, especially the flower buds. The larvae bore into the inside of the buds, munching on the pistils and stamens, causing the buds and flowers to rot quickly, affecting the production of flowers.3.? Peach aphid: available 40% oxalic acid emulsion 1000 times liquid control.4? 28 star ladybug beetle: adults, larvae feeding on the leaves of the mandarin, the infested leaves remain only the veins and the upper epidermis, the formation of a number of irregular transparent concave lines after turning into a brown mark, too much will lead to the wilting of the leaves. Prevention and control methods: ① artificial capture adults, the use of adult pseudo-death habits, with pots to catch knocking plants to fall; ② artificial removal of egg masses, female eggs concentrated in groups, brightly colored, easy to find, easy to remove; ③ larvae should be dispersed before the application of medicine, available 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times, or 40% of the killing emulsion 3000 times, or 2.5 times Cypermethrin emulsion 3000 times spraying.

.