Four-season onion is called four-season onion because it can be planted in all seasons. Mainly edible young leaves, it is an indispensable seasoning for cooking, fish and soup, and it is also the main variety of dehydrated vegetables. Strong tillering ability, short growth period, high multiple cropping index and strong adaptability.
1. Planting environment: Chinese chives can be planted all year round because of their low temperature resistance and strong heat resistance. The suitable temperature for growth and development is 18℃-23℃, with shallow roots, low water demand and no drought tolerance, so it is suitable for planting in sandy soil. If the illuminance is set at a medium level, it will age and the quality will decline under the strong illuminance standard. The quality of water resources, soil and air should meet the requirements of pollution-free production areas.
2. Planting time: spring stubble: 65438+ 10, transplanting in October, harvesting in the middle and late March-April, and covering with plastic film in order to market early.
Summer stubble: transplanting from late April to early June and harvesting from May to the end of July. This crop can be planted in rows of tall crops or interplanted with sunscreen nets for the "light summer" sales market.
Autumn stubble: Transplanted from August to late September, and sold from mid-September to165438+1October. When autumn onion is transplanted, the temperature is high, so you can sprinkle some grain stalks in rows to cool down, moisturize and replenish water.
Winter stubble: transplanting in June 65438+ 10-June 65438+1October 065438+1February harvesting 65438. In winter, the temperature is low, and the growth and development of leeks are slow. In manufacturing, the method of "autumn extension" is often adopted, which is supplied on New Year's Day and sold in Spring Festival.
3. Seedling planting: Before planting, seedlings should be selected, and diseased plants, residual plants and weak plants should be removed. After selection, cut off the root whisker machine and leave 2 ~ 3 cm to promote the growth and development of new roots. Transplanting according to the row spacing of 20 cm and the plant spacing 10 cm, and planting 4-6 plants in each hole. Onion and autumn onion can be planted moderately thinly and shallowly, about 3 cm-5 cm. Water immediately after planting.
4. Soil preparation and fertilization: Choose a flat, loose, fertile field with convenient drainage pipes and watering in the transplanting street. It is best to plant vegetables and fruits such as soybeans and corn instead of onions and garlic. Top-dressing 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer and 50-70 kg of ternary compound fertilizer on 1.5 mu, carefully preparing the soil, and making it into a high ridge with a width of 1.5 m, which can cover agricultural plastic film to raise the soil temperature in winter, and multiple crops can be planted.
5. Field management: Chinese chives have shallow roots, poor absorption capacity, and are not tolerant of concentrated fertilizers and waterlogging disasters. Always irrigate with small water, and pay attention to clear the stored water immediately after rain. Slow-growing seedlings were sprayed with 5KG urea solution or 15KG ammonium bicarbonate immediately after planting, usually from 10 to 14 days, 1 time, and it was not sprayed on 15 days before harvesting. Foliar fertilizer can also be used to promote the growth of green onions.
6. Pest control: The main pest control methods are onion maggots, liriomyza sativae and thrips, and the main pest control methods are disease prevention, downy mildew and gray mold. Pest control should grasp the standard of nip in the bud and improve the environment, choose the countermeasures of agriculture, animal husbandry and pest control, scientifically study and apply biological pesticides, coordinate various control technologies, and give full play to the overall economic benefits. In addition, topdressing organic fertilizer and immediately watering and fertilizing. Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, less base fertilizer and plant the stubble well.
7. Collecting shallots: the shallots will turn green for about 40 days from the first crop (when the plant height is 30-50 cm), 30 days in the second crop and 25 days in the third crop. Harvesting shallots should be done in sunny morning or evening. The wound of harvesting onion should be 2 ~ 3 cm from the ground, and the wound should be neat and consistent. After each seed harvest, the land should be leveled with an iron rake. After 3 days, the wound of shallots will heal and the new buds will be watered. Avoid harvesting seeds from summer to summer to prevent seedlings from lodging.