Running Dinosaurs

After imprinting the fossil, Alexander concluded that many large four-legged sauropod dinosaurs were indeed slow-moving "stupid", walking at a very fast speed Only about 1 meter per second, which is similar to the speed of human walking. The footprints of very large bipedal dinosaurs show that their walking speed generally did not exceed 2.2 meters per second, which is similar to the speed of humans walking quickly. The footprints of smaller, bipedal dinosaurs weighing around 500 kilograms (about the size of a racehorse) show that they could run at speeds of 12 meters per second, which is already faster than the human 100-meter race champion. Speed ??(11 meters per second), but still much lower than the running speed of a horse (about 15 to 17 meters per second).

Pterodactyl

Pterodactyl Life During the Cretaceous, their skeletons were discovered in Europe. Pterodactyl was not very big, its wings were only about 22 centimeters. But the wings of Aeolus were 12 meters long, as big as a bus. American scientists once discovered a pterosaur whose wings were more than 15 meters long. If we could see it today, we might think it was an airplane flying in the sky. Many flying pterosaurs are somewhat like today's bats , they seem to hold up huge wings with one hand, so having wings and sharp claws has become a major feature of them. Some people believe that later birds evolved from them.

Wings How did dragons fly into the sky

Scientists have different understandings of this. Some people believe that those huge pterosaurs could not fly at all, and they could not vibrate their wings like birds, but They can first climb to a high place and open their huge wings into the wind, so that they can glide through the air with the help of updrafts. Others believe that the membranes on the wings of pterosaurs are very hard, and there are frames on the outside of the wings. Their muscles and bones are connected, so they can flap their wings like birds. Because their wings are very large, they can get huge reaction force by flapping them slightly to make themselves fly.

Eel Dragon

Eelosaurus is a type of plesiosaur. Their fossils have been found in Japan. Their body length has been measured to be about 7.8 meters. And they have sharp teeth.

Triceratops

Triceratops is a type of ceratopsian. It has one horn on its nose, like a rhinoceros, and two horns on its eyes, like a cow. These three horns are 1 meter long. They are A powerful weapon for fighting.

Brontosaurus

Brontosaurus is the largest kind of dinosaur, some are more than 30 meters long and as high as 6 stories high. They are all food Animals that are grass or leaves. Most of the dinosaur fossils we see in museums are this kind of dinosaur.

Allosaurus

Allosaurus is a ferocious and terrifying carnivore. Dinosaur, its big mouth can swallow a pig in one go. Its teeth are all bent inward, and the prey cannot escape if it bites it.

Information

Dinosaur

_______ Scenes in the Age of Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs have lived on the earth for 150 million years. During such a long time, many changes have taken place in the earth's environment. The originally connected Pangea gradually drifted and split into the shape we are familiar with today. After these land masses drifted to various parts of the world, the climate environment also changed. The drift of the land masses, coupled with climate change, caused the plants on the earth to There were huge changes in species. However, because these changes occurred gradually over a very long time, the animals that lived in them still adapted well. In the early days of the dinosaurs, fern shrubs were the most common shrubs on Earth. The main vegetation. Later, tall coniferous forests and low cycad jungles replaced ferns and became the main plant landscape on the earth. Soon after, the first batch of flowering plants appeared, and the plant landscape on the earth also As a result, great changes have taken place. Many plants and flowers that dinosaurs relied on for survival at that time are still alive on the earth today.

Dinosaurs

Carnivores

Carnivorous Dinosaurs are large dinosaurs with large heads, powerful hind limbs and short forelimbs. They all belong to the suborder theropods and are often called carnivorous dinosaurs or carnivorous lizards. Carnivorous dinosaurs walk on their hind limbs because their hind limbs have to bear the weight of their huge bodies. , so they may not move very quickly. Their heads are large, their jaws are long, and there are huge rows of curves on their jaws.

The sharp teeth look like the serrations on the edge of a steak knife. Carnivorous dinosaurs mainly feed on other dinosaurs, and sometimes eat animal carcasses. They may first hunt prey with clawed hind limbs, and then use their sharp teeth and forelimbs With the help of sharp claws, it can tear off the meat of its prey and eat it. Coelurosaurus is also a carnivorous dinosaur, but they are completely different from ordinary carnivorous dinosaurs. Coelurosaurus is light in body, agile in movement, and has a pair of long claws that are easy to grab. Arms and hands, as well as long and narrow jaws. They ran very fast and hunted small mammals and insects for food. In addition, coelurosaurs often picked up the leftover scraps after large carnivorous dinosaurs had eaten their fill. Eat detritus.

Dinosaurs

Vegetarians

Many dinosaurs were herbivorous, including the largest sauropods, and all Ornithischian dinosaur. In fact, it is much more troublesome for dinosaurs to eat plants than meat, because plants are composed of cellulose and lignin. These tough substances must be broken down first before they can be digested by the stomach. In order to solve this problem Herbivorous dinosaurs have evolved various solutions to the problem. For example, sauropod dinosaurs did not chew at all, but swallowed the bitten food directly into their stomachs, allowing the bacteria in their stomachs to ferment the food or letting them deliberately eat small pebbles. To grind food. Hadrosaur dinosaurs have special teeth that can crush and grind food first; ceratopsian dinosaurs use exceptionally strong jaws and scissor-like teeth to tear tough plants.

The Extinction of the Dinosaurs

What happened at the end of the Cretaceous Period 65 million years ago that caused the dinosaurs and a large number of other creatures to die? Scientists have been arguing about this. Some It is said that the earth underwent geological orogeny at that time, because many mountains grew up on the flat land, the swamps decreased, and the climate became less humid and warm. The respiratory organs of the dinosaurs could not adapt to the dry, cold, dry and hot air. And when winter comes, there is no food for the dinosaurs, so they are on the road to death. Some say it is because the supernova explosion caused strong changes in the earth's climate, and the temperature suddenly increased and then dropped very low. Others say it was because The dinosaurs ate a lot of flowering plants. There were a lot of toxins in these flowers. The dinosaurs ate a lot, so they died of poisoning. The evidence is that flowering plants began to appear at that time. Some people said ingeniously that it was because of the huge size of the dinosaurs. Animals eat too much and fart constantly, releasing a large amount of methane gas into the air. Because they are so numerous and live for a long time, they destroy the earth's ozone layer and cause a devastating climate. Some people even say that they are aliens. The result of coming to the earth to hunt, because they think dinosaur meat is particularly delicious. The evidence is that the dinosaur bone fossils they found in the Arctic have traces that look like they have been cut by lasers. In short, it can be said that it is really diverse and strange. However, it is generally recognized by everyone. It is the theory of meteorite impact.

__ In 1980, American scientists discovered high concentrations of iridium in strata 65 million years ago. The content was dozens or even hundreds of times higher than the normal content. Such a concentration of iridium It can be found in meteorites, so scientists have linked it to the extinction of the dinosaurs. Based on the iridium content, they also calculated that the impact object was an asteroid equivalent to a diameter of 10 kilometers. For such a large meteorite to hit the earth, it is definitely An unparalleled blow, calculated based on the intensity of the earthquake, was about 10 on the Richter scale, and the diameter of the crater produced by the impact would be more than 100 kilometers. It took scientific workers 10 years to finally have preliminary results. They are in China This large pit was found in the strata of the Yucatan Peninsula in America. It is estimated that the diameter of this pit is between 180 kilometers and 300 kilometers. Now, scientific workers are still conducting further research on this large pit.

___ Scientists began to describe for us the heroic scene 65 million years ago. One day, the dinosaurs were still eating and drinking carefree in the earth's paradise. Suddenly, a dazzling white light appeared in the sky. A boulder with a diameter of 10 kilometers, which is equivalent to the size of a medium-sized city, fell from the sky. It was an asteroid. It crashed into the sea at a speed of 40 kilometers per second, creating a huge crater on the seabed, and the seawater was quickly vaporized. , the steam was sprayed tens of thousands of meters into the sky, and then the tsunami was set off as high as 5 kilometers and spread at an extremely fast speed. The sky-high water swept everything on the land, and the raging giant waves swept across the earth's surface and converged on the back end of the impact point. , where the huge force of sea water triggered a strong volcanic eruption on the Deccan Plateau, and at the same time changed the movement direction of the earth's plates. What a terrible disaster it was. The meteorite hit the ground

The earth produced overwhelming dust, polar snow melted, plants were destroyed, and volcanic ash filled the sky. For a time, the sky was dark, the temperature dropped sharply, heavy rains came, flash floods broke out, and mudslides swept away the dinosaurs and buried them. In the following months and even years, Here, the sky is still billowing with dust and clouds, and the earth has entered a low temperature due to the absence of sunlight all year round. The vast land was silent for a while. An era in the history of biology ended in this way.

Dinosaurs

Some dinosaurs have very strange head shapes, such as strange protrusions or bony protrusions on their heads - they may appear as small lumps, lumps, crescents, spines or helmet-like shapes .These weird head shapes are the same as the special structures or bright colorful spots on living reptiles, birds or mammals, which attract attention. Their eye-catching shapes may be used to attract the opposite sex, scare away enemies or express oneself Good or bad mood. In addition, the bony protrusions on the head are also defensive or offensive weapons. They can be used as natural helmets or hard collision tools. Among the many strange-shaped heads, the most unique one is the head of the hadrosaur. The duck bill The dragon got its name because of its wide, toothless, duck-like beak.

The End of the Age of Dinosaurs

As the Cretaceous Period came to an end, dinosaurs became increasingly rare. , and finally all disappeared. At the same time, the earth's landscape also changed. Pangea was divided into several pieces due to the expansion of the sea floor. The sea level rose, turning the low-lying areas where many dinosaurs lived into a vast ocean. Many dinosaurs originally lived in low-lying areas. Various types of marine animals have also become extinct. In addition, the climate that was originally warm throughout the year has now become more variable or seasonal. The types of plants have also changed, and flowering plants have become more and more important. The extinction of the dinosaurs just gave the opportunity for another group of creatures on the earth - mammals to rise.

Double Crown:

___ 6 meters long, with two protruding ridges on the top of its head, which eat carrion. Forelimbs It was short and good at running. It was a carnivorous dinosaur from the early Jurassic period, with a total length of 6 meters and a head height of about 2.4 meters when standing. There were two large bone crowns on the top of its head, hence the name Double-Crown Dragon. The front end of the nose and mouth was particularly narrow. Soft and flexible, it can pick up tiny lizards or other small animals from bushes or cracks in rocks and eat them. Compared with later large carnivorous dinosaurs, the body of Diplosaurus appears "slender", so it moves It is agile. Its mouth is full of sharp teeth, and it can also hunt some large herbivorous dinosaurs. However, some scientists doubt the function of its teeth and say that it is just a carrion-eating dinosaur.

Legends of Dinosaurs

A long time ago, about 200 million to 70 million years ago, there was a huge family living on our earth. They ruled the oceans, land and sky, and all other animals There is no way to fight them, they are veritable overlords, these are dinosaurs.

At that time, the climate on the earth was warm and humid, and there were dense forests everywhere, and all kinds of animals lived in the forests. animals, so whether they are plant-eating or animal-eating dinosaurs, they all have endless delicacies to enjoy. Because of such a good environment, dinosaurs generally grew to huge sizes. It is speculated that the largest dinosaur was 30 meters long. Weighing 40 to 50 tons, even the largest buses and cars cannot pull them. Of course, there are also smaller dinosaurs, such as Leppalatosaurus, which is only 60 centimeters long and weighs 3 kilograms. We have seen Almost the same as chickens.

However, such a huge family suddenly and quickly disappeared from the earth. The time of disappearance was at the end of what scientists call the "Cretaceous". Why did dinosaurs It is a scientific mystery that disappeared so cleanly at once. People have speculated for many years, but there has never been a definite answer. Fortunately, some dead dinosaurs did not completely disappear, and their bones became fossils. Preserved by nature, we know today that there were such animals in the past, and we can speculate on their appearance based on these bones. If you are interested in dinosaurs, you might as well give it a try and see if you can solve this ancient mystery. Mystery.

The study of dinosaurs is very meaningful. It can not only help us understand the process of biological evolution on earth, but also enable us to understand the changes in earth’s climate, the status of geological activities, and our own The relationship with the environment, etc., and even involves all aspects of celestial bodies in the universe. How about it? It’s very interesting. Please follow us and read on. However, because there are many beautiful pictures, the speed may be slower. You Don't worry

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Dinosaurs

____The Best of Dinosaurs

__ When you walk past a store window, are you attracted by the extra-large bottles or the petite ones? Cartoon ragdolls are novel or curious. Do you want to know what is the smallest dinosaur and the longest one?

1. The smallest dinosaur

___ Among the known types of dinosaurs, the smallest is the leptognathosaurus, which is no more than a chicken-sized dinosaur. Some species are only about one meter and forty centimeters long; some are only seventy centimeters! Although it is slightly larger than a chicken, including its long tail Some dinosaurs may be smaller than Leptognathus, but they are only obtained from sporadic fossils, such as Leptopodosaurus, a carnivorous animal as big as a cat with sharp claws. Compared to Leptognathosaurus and Leptopodosaurus The smaller ones are the larvae of some dinosaurs: the larvae of Psittacosaurus are only 25 centimeters long, and the recently hatched prosauropods are only 20 centimeters long, not much bigger than a robin. In Argentina, in 1979 A prosauropod called Ratsaurus was unearthed, which was about bigger than a mouse! One paleontologist guessed that the adult body could be up to six meters long. But until the real adult form of Ratsaurus was unearthed, it was just a mere Just conjecture!_

2. The ugliest dinosaur

__ I think Pachycephalosaurus is the ugliest among those ugly dinosaurs. Which type of convex dinosaur does Pachycephalosaurus belong to? The dinosaur's skull is covered with an arc-shaped bone plate about 23 centimeters thick. It surrounds this bulge and is decorated with rows of small nodules and spines around the very smooth hillock. Like a tumor, its front edge looks like it is tortured by some unspeakable bone disease. Its nose is also full of tumor-like protrusions and spines. These surrounding tumors and spines make it look like a tumor. The protruding part of the head looks like it has been shaved. Compared with Pachycephalosaurus, the next ugliest guy may be Pachyrhinosaurus. It is also a ceratopsian and has a short and raised ornament above its nose. Look It looks like the tree trunk left behind by sawing was left on the skull._

3. The longest dinosaur

___ Heavy dragon, both of which were about 27 meters long, were both about 27 meters long, like Diplodocus. The length of a foot. However, it is possible that the two types, temporarily nicknamed Superosaurus and Megalosaurus, will be longer if the entire skeleton is excavated. Preliminary estimates of the length of these two types are: over ten to thirty-five meters.

___ Brachiosaurus and Antarctosaurus are both estimated to be between 63 and 72 metric tons (70-80 tons), but Antarctosaurus may be thinner. But no one knows for sure.

5. The widest dinosaur_

Ankylosaurus. A crawling tank in the dinosaur world, Ankylosaurus was about five meters wide, although it The body length was no more than ten meters._

6. The earliest dinosaur to appear_

The earliest known dinosaur is a bipedal carnivore named Austrosaurus. It appeared in the middle of the Triassic period and was about one foot and five meters long

The smallest dinosaur:

In the past, in Argentina, a primitive species called Ratsaurus was discovered in 1979. Sauropod, about 20 centimeters long, just a little bigger than a mouse! But so far, people have only discovered one such skeleton fossil. It is likely to be a newly hatched baby dragon. One paleontologist guessed that the adult body could be up to six meters long. But until the real adult rat dragon is discovered, it is all just speculation! The smallest adult dinosaur known today is Compsognathus, which was about the size of a chicken.

The ugliest dinosaur:

Pachycephalosaurus is the ugliest of those ugly dinosaurs. Pachycephalosaurus belongs to that type of dinosaur with a protruding top. Its skull is covered with arc-shaped bone plates about 23 centimeters thick. Around this protrusion, it is decorated with rows and rows of smooth hillocks. The small tumors and spines look like tumors. Its front edge looks like it is tortured by some unspeakable bone disease. Its nose is also full of tumor-like protrusions and spines. These surrounding knobs and spines make the protruding part of the head look like it has been shaved.

The longest dinosaur:

Diplodocus was about 27 meters long. However, the two types, temporarily nicknamed Supersaurus and Megasaurus, will be even longer if the entire skeleton is excavated. The preliminary estimated length of these two categories is: thirty-five meters.

The heaviest dinosaur:

The estimated weight of Brachiosaurus is between 63 and 72 metric tons (70-80 tons). It needs thick limbs to support its body.

The widest dinosaur:

Ankylosaurus. A crawling tank in the world of dinosaurs, Ankylosaurus was about five meters wide, although its body length was no more than ten meters.

The oldest dinosaur:

The earliest known dinosaur is a bipedal carnivore named Austrosaurus. It appeared in the middle Triassic period, was about 1.5 meters long, and may have weighed 30 kilograms.

The dinosaur with the largest claws:

Baryonyx was a powerful carnivorous dinosaur. Its claws are the largest dinosaur claws ever discovered. The outer arc of the claw is 31 cm long.

The largest carnivorous dinosaur:

Tyrannosaurus rex is the largest carnivorous dinosaur. An adult Tyrannosaurus rex can reach 14 meters in length and weigh about 8 tons. It is the overlord of the dinosaur world.

The smartest dinosaur:

In terms of the ratio of body to brain, Zigosaurus has the largest brain and its sensory organs are very developed, so it is considered the smartest dinosaur.

The fastest dinosaur:

Ornithosaurus may be the fastest dinosaur, with a speed of more than 70 kilometers per hour.

The largest dinosaur:

The largest known dinosaur is the sauropod Seismosaurus (no information available yet, welcome to provide), about 40 meters long and weighing 51 tons.

The dinosaur with the most teeth:

The plant-based hadrosaur-like dinosaur had about 960 teeth, more than any dinosaur.

The dumbest dinosaur:

The giant Stegosaurus had a very small head and a brain as big as a walnut, so scientists think they were a very stupid dinosaur.

Dinosaur with the largest egg:

The diameter of the egg of Alophosaurus is about 30 centimeters. An egg of that size can hold a volume of three point three liters. The eggshell is about 2 centimeters thick.