Annual twining herbaceous vine, up to 6 m long. 3 compound leaves; leaflets broadly ovate, 5-9 cm long, 6-10 cm wide, apex pointed, base broadly cuneate or truncate, entire, both surfaces sparsely hairy, lateral leaflets larger, obliquely ovate; petiole 4-12 cm long; stipules tiny, lanceolate. Racemes axillary, usually 2 to 4 clustered at nodes of the inflorescence axis; bracteoles 2, caducous; calyx campanulate, calyx teeth 5, margin densely white pilose; corolla butterfly-shaped, white or lilac, flag petals ovate-elliptic, with 2 appendages on either side of the base and decurrent into 2 ears, pteropetalons obliquely elliptic, keel petals navicular; stamens 10, in bundles of 2; ovary linear, pilose, with glands at the base, stigma capitate, sparsely white short hairs. Pods long ellipsoid, flattened, slightly curved, 5 to 8 cm long, apex with curved beak. Seeds 2 to 5, oblong-oblong, white, black or reddish brown. Flowering period July to August. Fruiting in September.
All are cultivated. Distributed in E China and Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan.
The roots (lentil root), vines (lentil vine), leaves (lentil leaf), testa (lentil coat), and flowers (lentil flower) of this plant are also used for medicinal purposes. Dry seeds are flat elliptic or flat ovoid, about 8 to 12 mm long, 6 to 9 mm wide, 4 to 7 mm thick. Surface yellow-white, smooth and glossy, one side of the edge of a semilunar white raised caruncle, accounting for about 1/3 to 1/2 of the circumference, peeled off the sunken umbilicus can be seen, tightly connected to the caruncle of the end of a bead hole, the other end of the seed has a short ridge. The texture is hard, the seed coat is thin and brittle, there are 2 cotyledons inside, fat, yellowish-white, horny. Chewing has a bean-like odor. To full, white color is good.
Most parts of the country are produced, mainly in Hunan, Anhui, Henan and other places.
The seeds of lentils are white, black, reddish-brown and other species, mainly white lentils for medicine; black look at the ancient name of magpie beans, not for medicinal purposes; reddish-brown folk in Guangxi, called red snow peas, used as a liver, anti-inflammatory drugs, cataracts in the eyes. Seeds per 100 grams of protein 23.7 grams, 1.8 grams of fat, 57 grams of carbohydrate, calcium 46 milligrams, phosphorus 52 milligrams, iron 1 milligrams, calcium magnesium phytate 247 milligrams, pantothenic acid 1232 micrograms, zinc 2.44 milligrams.
The seeds contain trypsin inhibitor, amylase inhibitor, hemagglutinin A, B. And contains inhibitory effect on mouse Columbia SK virus, this active ingredient in the water-soluble macromolecular part and low molecular part of both; also contains soy sterol, phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylethanolamine), sucrose, cotton seed sugar, fructose, glucose, galactose, fructose, Starch, cyanogenic glycosides, tyrosinase and so on.
The pods contain piperidinic acid-2. Lentils contain non-specific lectin for human erythrocytes (cf. vegetable beans), which has certain globulin properties; on cattle, sheep erythrocytes and no agglutination. In the lentil can be divided into two different kinds of plant lectins, lectin A insoluble in water, no antitrypsin activity; such as mixed in the food fed to rats, can inhibit its growth, and even cause regional necrosis of the liver; heated to the toxicity of the role of the big see weakened, so the lectin A is a part of the crude lentil powder in the poisonous components. Lectin B is soluble in water and has the activity of trypsin. Someone measured its molecular weight of 23688, the inhibition of trypsin for non-competitive type. In 15 ~ 18 ℃ (pH 3 ~ 10) can maintain the vitality of more than 30 days. After autoclaved or boiled for 1 hour, it loses 94-86% of its vitality. This trypsin inhibitor, which cannot be broken down by normal proteases in vitro and is indigestible in vivo, prolongs the coagulation time of citrated plasma from 20 to 60 seconds at a concentration of 1 mg/0.1 ml due to inhibition of thrombin.
Indian produced lentils fed to rats, have the effect of lowering blood sugar and serum cholesterol.
Concoction of raw lentils: picking impurities, placed in boiling water, slightly cooked, to the extent that the seed coat bulging, fluffy, fish out, immersed in cold water, remove the skin, dry. Fried lentils: take the net lentil kernel, placed in the pot slightly fried until yellow, slightly scorched to the degree, remove and cool.
The taste is sweet, flat.
1 《Bei Lu》：Sweet taste, slightly warm.
② "Food Therapy Materia Medica": slightly cold.
3 "Rihuazi Materia Medica": flat, non-toxic.
Attributed to the spleen and stomach meridian.
①Compendium: Entering the qi division of Taiyin.
② "Materia Medica": into the qi part of the foot Taiyin, Yangming meridian. Strengthening the spleen and harmonizing the middle, eliminating summer heat and dampness. Treatment of summer dampness vomiting and diarrhea, spleen deficiency, vomiting, eating less and long leakage, water stopping thirst, red and white belt, pediatric chancre.
1) Bielu: main and the middle and down the gas.
② "Treatise on Medicinal Properties": the main detoxification of all grasses and trees, raw chewing and decoction soup.
3 Monk: cholera vomiting, powder, and vinegar.
4 "Rihuazi Materia Medica": tonifying the five viscera.
5 "Herbal Tujing": the main line of wind qi, women under the belt, and kill wine poison, but also to resolve puffer fish poison.
6 "Yunnan Materia Medica": treating weakness of the spleen and stomach, regurgitation and cold vomiting, prolonged diarrhea, food accumulation and lumps, noma of children.
7 "Pinhui Jingyao": to eliminate summer heat and the middle.
8 "Compendium": stopping diarrhea, summer heat, warming the spleen and stomach, in addition to dampness and heat, quench thirst.
9 "will be about the medical mirror": raw with summer to nourish the stomach, fried with the spleen to stop diarrhea.
Use and dosage for internal use: decoction, 3 to 6 qian; or into pills, bulk.
Contraindications
①Tao Hongjing: those who suffer from cold and fever, should not eat.
② "Food Therapy Materia Medica": cold people do not eat.
3 "with the rest of the house diet spectrum": malaria people avoid it. ① treatment of weak spleen and stomach, diet not into the vomiting and diarrhea: white lentils a catty and a half (ginger soaked, peeled, subtle), ginseng (go to the reed), Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, licorice (fried), yam each two pounds, lotus seed meat (peeled), Platycodon grandiflorus (fried dark yellow), Job's tears, shrinking the sand nuts each one catty. The above for the fine powder, each serving two money, jujube soup, children measure the number of years plus or minus service. ("Bureau Square" Sen Ling Baijushan)
② cholera lentil one liter, Elsholtzia one liter. Boil six liters of water and take two liters, divided into doses. The first one is the one that is used for the treatment of cholera. ("Thousand Gold Formula")
3 cure thirst drinking water: white lentil soaked skin, for the end, to smallpox powder juice and honey and pills sycamore size, gold foil for the coat. Each serving two, thirty pills, under the smallpox juice, day two service. Avoid BELONGING to wine and color. Next, take kidney nourishing medicine. ("Ren Cuntang experience formula")
4 treatment of edema: lentils three liters, fried yellow, ground into powder. Every morning, afternoon and evening before each meal, adults with three coins, children with a penny, lampshade soup to take. ("Materia Medica Huiyan")
5) Treatment of reddish-white leucorrhea: white lentils are fried and minced, and two coins are taken with rice drink each time. ("Inscription of Yong Class")
6) Treatment of Arsenic Poisoning: White lentils are ground raw and drunk with water. ("Inscription Formula of Yong Class")
7) Itching and pain of scabs of evil sores: Pound lentils and seal them, and the scabs will be worse when they fall off. (《Complementary Inscription Formula》)) ①《Discussion and Doubt of Medicinal Properties》：Lentil is specialized in clearing summer heat, so it can stop cholera in the middle of the body; it is very tonic to the spleen, so it can cure dysentery and remit pus and blood, eliminate water-dampness, and cure heat and excrement.
② "Compendium": hard-shelled white lentils, the son of the full, white and slightly yellow, the smell of fishy incense, the nature of the warmth and calm, and get in the middle and the spleen of the valley. Into the Taiyin qi points, Tongli Sanjiao, can be clear and turbid, so specializing in the treatment of the disease in the womb, eliminating summer heat and dampness and detoxification. Its soft shell and black magpie color, its nature is slightly cool, but edible, but also adjust the spleen and stomach.
3 "Materia Medica": Hongjing cloud, lentils suffering from cold and heat can not be eaten. Cover refers to typhoid fever, heat, external evil party blaze, can not use this tonic ear. Such as the spleen and stomach deficiency and injury to food and fatigue fever and cold, do not avoid.
4 "Drugs": "lentils, taste sweet and flat and not sweet, gas fragrance and not tampering, mild and yellow color, and the spleen is the most compatible. The main treatment of cholera and vomiting, intestinal tinnitus and diarrhea, hot days and summer, alcohol poisoning stomach, and good crystal for the benefit of qi. And take its color white, odor and clear, with clear lung gas. Therefore, the cloud clear to nourish the lungs, lungs clear gas smooth. Downstream through the large intestine, can be clear and turbid, good treatment of intestinal red long diarrhea, clear gas subsidence, this visceral deficiency to supplement the method of viscera also."
⑤ "New Series of Materia Medica": white lentil, taste light gas thin, single-use no work, must be with the gas tonic medicine **** with the best. Or that the white lentil is not solid tire medicine, the former an abortion medicine often used why? Cover the tire of the uneasy, due to the gas of the uneasiness, white lentil is the most good and in the, so use it to and fetal gas ear, tire and safe, said can also be safe tire. I have never seen anyone who can use this flavor alone to pacify the sudden movement of the placebo, but I have never seen anyone who can pacify the placebo.
6 "The Materia Medica Seeking Truth": how to tonify the spleen with lentils? The spleen likes sweetness. The lentil is sweet in flavor, so it can be beneficial to the spleen; the spleen can be fragrant and comfortable, the lentil is endowed with fragrance, so it can be comfortable in the spleen; the spleen is bitter and wet and like dry, the lentil is warm in nature, so it can be dry in the spleen. Spleen soil is solid, the waterway from the pass, San Jiao not mixed, and Taiyin summer dampness of the evil, since Erk eliminated, and can be re-hidden in the spleen, and thirst, diarrhea of the disease. But more food congestion, do not know.