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Walk into the hometown of Global Coffee and see the local people's attitude towards coffee.
Coffee, travel, life, exploration, discovery, sharing and creation. From Asia to Africa 10 countries, and then to more than 30 countries in Europe, every place is a mirror of life.
The planting of the first coffee sapling in Brazil, Colombia, Jamaica, Viet Nam, Yunnan and other places in China can be related to the French, although many Latin American countries were once Spanish colonies.
However, many African countries, including Bourbon Island (reunion island) in East Africa, were French territories during the colonial period.
Coffee spreads from Africa to Central and South America. One route is through Java and then to Bourbon.
/kloc-At the end of 0/7th century, the Dutch East India Company brought Arabica coffee trees to Java Island in Indonesia. 17 10 At the beginning of this year, coffee saplings successfully planted on Java Island were brought to Bourbon Island (now reunion island) by the French, and then introduced to Central and South America. These coffees are the ancestors of Caribbean bourbon varieties in Central and South America.
There is another way for coffee to spread from Africa across the Atlantic to Central and South America through colonial pioneers. It was spread by Typica and brought to Matinique in the Caribbean by the French.
From the beginning of18th century to the present, coffee has flourished with the ships of western European colonists crossing the Atlantic from Africa. Today, about 60 countries grow coffee as an important cash crop in the "coffee belt" area covered by the Tropic of Cancer.
The top ten coffee producing countries ranked by harvest year output are distributed in three continents: Asia, Africa and Latin America. The top four are basically unchanged, followed by Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia and Indonesia.
Analyzing the output in the past 5~ 10 years, from fifth to tenth, Ethiopia and Honduras sometimes rotate fifth; The output of India and Uganda will change according to different years, and the tenth Peruvian coffee production has not been caught up by Guatemala (about 220,000 tons).
Ethiopia is not only a big coffee producer, but also a country with real coffee culture. In most other major producing countries, coffee was originally an income-generating product left by colonists, and now it is an important local cash crop and a source of foreign exchange earned by export.
Honduras is the third largest coffee producer in Latin America and the sixth in the world. In recent two years, the coffee harvest has decreased, and the output has been surpassed by Ethiopia, ranking sixth in 20 19/20, with an output of about 356,000 tons.
In Uganda, the output of 10 has been increasing year by year recently, and the average annual output has fluctuated slightly in recent five years, about 300,000 tons. 20 19/20 ranked seventh, surpassing India's output for the first time.
As one of the top ten coffee producers in the world, India has an average annual output of about 330,000 tons, ranking eighth in 20 19/20.
Mexico's output has been relatively stable in the past decade, with an average of about 240,000 tons.
In Peru, from 20 10 to the present ten years, the average output is about 230,000 tons.
According to ICO's statistics, in fiscal year 20 19/20, the top ten coffee producing countries in the world are ranked as follows.
Among the top ten coffee producing countries, Brazil, Ethiopia and Indonesia account for the top three domestic coffee consumption.
Ethiopia's consumption accounts for nearly half of its annual output (48%), Indonesia's domestic consumption of coffee accounts for about 42% of the total output, and Brazil's domestic consumption accounts for about 30% of its annual output, which is about 6,543,800 tons.
Domestic coffee consumption in Mexico accounts for about 26% of its annual output;
In the remaining six countries, most of the coffee is exported, and domestic consumption hovers around 65,438+00% of the total output. More than 90% of coffee beans produced in Uganda, Peru and Honduras are exported.
Although we drink coffee in cafes, we don't necessarily care about the taste of coffee, but more about the mood and environment of drinking coffee, which is just one of the social ways to relax.
For coffee lovers who love coffee and appreciate its benefits, taste is king.
Most of the world's high-quality coffee is planted near the volcano with rich soil nutrients or on the hillside with high altitude. The temperature difference between day and night is large, the growth cycle is long, and there are many nutrients absorbed and stored, giving coffee beans more alcohol and flavor layering.
According to FAO statistics, in 20 18/ 19, the global coffee harvesting area exceeded100000 hectares, among which 18 countries harvested more than100000 hectares.
There are 14 countries whose total coffee output exceeds 654.38+10,000 tons, namely Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Honduras, India, Uganda, Mexico, Peru, Guatemala, Nicaragua, China and C? te d 'Ivoire, accounting for about 95% of the global coffee production, while other countries only account for about 5%. ?
Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia, the top three countries in the world, account for about 60% of the world's coffee production.
According to the output data of 20 19/20, two of the top ten coffee producers in the world are from Africa, Ethiopia and Uganda.
There are three Asian countries, Vietnam, Indonesia and India; Robusta coffee beans account for the vast majority of coffee bean varieties.
The other five countries are all from Latin America, including the two largest producers of Arabica coffee beans in the world (Colombia and Honduras). ?
According to the statistics of the International Coffee Organization (ICO), the global coffee production fluctuated between 6.85 million tons and 65.438+0.05 million tons in 2009, with an average annual growth rate of about 3%. The global coffee production has obvious phenomenon year by year.
At the same time, according to the statistics of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the global coffee production of 201810478400 tons is basically close to the data of ICO/ICO) 10347600 tons. Comparatively speaking, the data of USDA is more complete, at least not missing Hawaii. ?
Photo: A scene in the Ethiopian capital.
In Ethiopia, the birthplace of coffee, the output and consumption of coffee far exceed our usual imagination. Ethiopians' love for coffee will only be more deeply understood if they have been there.
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Author: Red Chrysanthemum Tour+