Most of Zhuang people's costumes are the same as those of Han people, but in Xixiang village, Guangxi, especially middle-aged and elderly women, they still retain the characteristics of their own national costumes. For example, middle-aged and elderly Zhuang women in northwest Guangxi wear collarless, left-collared, embroidered clothes, wide-footed trousers, embroidered waist, pleated skirt and embroidered shoes, and like to wear silver ornaments.

Zhuang women in Longzhou and Pingxiang in southwest Guangxi still wear collarless black shirts with left collars, square black handkerchiefs on their heads and black wide-leg pants on their lower bodies.

Zhuang nationality is one of the earliest people who planted rice, and rice culture is very developed, so rice naturally becomes the staple food of Zhuang people. There are many ways to cook rice, such as steaming, boiling, frying, stewing and frying. All kinds of rice, rice porridge, rice noodles, rice cakes, rice cakes, zongzi and glutinous rice balls are the daily favorite foods of Zhuang people.

If mixed with other materials, it can be made into many more delicious and nutritious foods, such as eight-treasure rice, eight-treasure porridge, bamboo rice, pumpkin rice, "colored glutinous rice" and so on.

2. Manchu

Manchu costumes, with men's hair hanging down the back half of the head and braids hanging down the back of the head, were forcibly popularized throughout the country after entering the customs in the Qing Dynasty, making them the same hairstyle of Manchu, Han and Mongolian in the Qing Dynasty.

Women's hair styles are the same as those of boys in childhood, slightly longer, with one or two braids at the back of their heads. When you get married, open your face and have curly hair. Usually the bun is tied on the top of the head, with a shelf head and two first-class hairstyles. Wear earrings, one ear has three rings.

Ancient Manchu people loved singing and dancing, which evolved from hunting and fighting activities. After entering the customs, dancers must choose strong men to sing folk songs with leopard skin, accompanied by flutes and drums, which is called "happy dance", or half of them dress up as tigers, leopards and other animals, and half of them ride fake horses to catch up, which is called "dance".

At the festive banquet, the host and guest danced in turn, one sleeve on the forehead and one sleeve on the back, hovering back and forth, singing solo, and everyone shouted "empty peace." After entering Liaoshen, it absorbed more forms of song and dance of other nationalities. In the court music and dance, there are dances of Manchu, Mongolian, Han and Korean.

3. Hui nationality

Hui women usually wear white round hats and hijab (also called hijab). Whether it is Quanzhou, Guangzhou, Hainan and other coastal areas, or the mainland, it is generally blue and white, with girls, daughters-in-law and elderly people. Generally girls wear green, married women wear black, and elderly women with grandchildren or elderly women wear white.

The green hijab is handsome and charming; The white hijab is clean and heavy; The black hijab is elegant and straight. Most of them are made of silk, silk, georgette and polyester. The old man's hijab is long, so he should wear a vest. The girl's daughter-in-law has a shorter hijab, and the front can cover the front neck.

There are various forms of hui wedding in different places. A more consistent procedure is to ask the matchmaker to propose marriage, say two things (also called some tea), arrange flowers (also called betrothal), get married, miss Nikaha, celebrate happiness, make trouble in the bridal chamber, put a needle and thread, and answer the door.

4. Miao nationality

Miao costumes are diverse and colorful. There are five streams in the later Han Dynasty. Wuxi: Xiangxi is at the junction with Guizhou, Sichuan and Hubei. There are five streams here, hence the name. The record of Miao people's "good five-color clothes";

Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote a famous poem "The sky is clothed by five streams". There are more than 100 styles of Miao women's wear, which is the highest in China. A more representative traditional "dressing up", there are dozens of headdresses only inserted in the bun.

Miao language belongs to the branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.

In the early 1950s, the second research group of minority languages survey of China Academy of Sciences, through on-the-spot investigation, scientifically studied the word formation of Miao languages in different places, but with different phonetic features, divided Miao languages into three major dialects, namely Xiangxi dialect, Guizhou Oriental dialect, Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan dialect (also known as eastern dialect, central dialect and western dialect), seven sub-dialects and eighteen dialects.

5. Uighurs

The traditional Uighur men's coat is called "loop", which is knee-length, wide-sleeved, collarless and buttonless, and has a long belt around the waist.

Women usually wear dresses, vests or tops. Women and girls like to use the natural Osmunda juice to paint their eyebrows, dye their nails and wear earrings, bracelets, rings and necklaces.

Uighurs, regardless of gender, age and age, like to wear "gaba" (four-eye flower hat) and embroider various ethnic patterns with black and white or colored silk threads. In the past, unmarried girls wore more than a dozen braids, and long hair was beautiful. There are all kinds of headdresses on their heads, and some even tie double braids into a bun.

Lu Yu, a Uighur elder or friend, should put his right hand on his chest when meeting, men should shake hands when meeting, and women should hug each other, stick their right faces, greet with "salamu", and finally put their hands on their knees and bow down to say goodbye. Younger generations should salute their elders first, and now they often shake hands as greetings.

Uighurs generally think that crowded guests are enviable. Usually, if guests arrive at the same time, men, women and children have to enter the door and sit on the kang. The most distinguished and oldest guests should sit on the mattress specially laid by the owner in the middle of the kang. Before and after meals, the host will wash his hands for the guests with a washbasin, usually three times, and the guests are not allowed to throw water around.

The host first poured a bowl of tea for everyone, and presented it with both hands, and then spread out a tablecloth in front of the guests, placing all kinds of snacks, melons and fruits and delicious food. If possible, he will slaughter sheep to entertain guests and let them enjoy themselves.

reference data

Baidu Encyclopedia -56 Nationalities