1. Chicken house construction

1. Select a good site

The breeding of green-shell laying hens is carried out under forest environment conditions, so the chicken farm To choose natural woodland, generally natural secondary forest is better than primary forest, broad-leaved forest is better than coniferous forest, and natural forest is better than artificial forest. If possible, choose mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest. It is required that there are no large pollution sources within 30 kilometers around the chicken house. The terrain is preferably a slope of about 5°, with the wind facing the sun, sufficient water sources, and easy access to water. It is best for high-voltage lines to pass through the chicken house.

The size design standards for chicken houses and sports grounds: the brooding insulation house is calculated as 10 square meters per 1,000 chickens, and the sports ground is calculated as 1 square meter per chicken. It is best to surround the sports ground with fences and plastic nets.

2. Chicken house construction

The chicken house is built in a ventilated and sunny place. A 70 cm x 120 cm light and breathable window is opened every 3 meters in the front and rear of the chicken house. Roosts, drinking fountains, and feed troughs can be placed indoors on one side. Open a small door 160 cm high and 70 cm wide on the sunny side, and set up a sand-paved sports field outside the door.

2. Incubation: Choose eggs weighing more than 40 grams as hatching eggs and use artificial hatching. Technical requirements for incubation of green-shell laying hens:

①Temperature and humidity

Constant-temperature incubation should be used for eggs hatched in batches. Each batch of eggs needs to be placed at cross intervals, and eggs for human hatching should be placed with the big end upward on the egg tray. From 1 to 18 days after incubation, the temperature inside the incubator (egg surface) should be 37.8C in winter and 37.5C ??in summer. On the 19th day of incubation, transfer to the hatching machine. Lay the eggs flat. The temperature inside the machine should be 37.2C in winter and 37C in summer. The relative humidity is 60% from 1 to 18 days and 70% from 19 to 21 days.

②Turn the eggs

Turn the eggs every 2 hours at an angle of 90 degrees.

③Hatching

Hatching usually begins on the 20th day. Hatching is basically completed in 21 days.

④Disinfection

Hatching eggs must be disinfected 30 minutes after laying and before hatching. After hatching, disinfect once, usually with formalin fumigation or poisonous spray.

When raising green-shell laying hens, it is necessary to choose a suitable brooding season to facilitate the grazing and raising of green-shell laying hens. It is best to choose to brood from March to May. In spring, the temperature gradually rises and there is sufficient sunshine, which is beneficial to the growth and development of chicks and has a high brooding survival rate. At the middle chicken stage, due to the suitable temperature and long time outside the house, they can get sufficient exercise and exercise, so they have a strong body, which is very beneficial for natural grazing and preventing natural enemies in the future. Spring chicks mature early and lay eggs for a long time. Chicks hatched in early spring are especially better, so they are often brooded in spring.

3. The raising and management methods of chicks and medium-sized chickens are similar to those of ordinary laying hens. What needs to be emphasized is:

1. The beak should be trimmed between 8 and 10 days old. The principle is to keep the upper beak 2 mm away from the nostril and the lower beak no shorter than the tip of the tongue.

2. Before and after 10 weeks of age, the chickens are divided into groups and restricted to be raised. The chickens that are too fat or too thin can be fortified with commercially available laying hen growing materials with higher nutritional levels. For feeding, the daily feeding amount is increased by 8 to 10 grams per feather compared with the normal group. For those that are too fat, you can add about 10% of rice (or rice bran cake or cooked tofu residue) to the breeding material or reduce the daily feeding amount by 8 to 10 grams per bird. The overall goal is to keep the chicken group weight difference within 10% at the start of production.

Feeding and management during the laying period

The laying period is from 21 weeks to 72 weeks. The key points of feeding and management are:

1. Ideal lighting time 16 hours. If natural light is insufficient, artificial light should be supplemented in the morning and evening. A programmable light controller should be used to stabilize the light on and off time, brightness, etc.

2. Temperature and ventilation: The suitable room temperature is 10°C to 27°C. Use measures to prevent heatstroke or cold and keep warm as close to this temperature as possible. If it is sunny in spring and autumn, you can find another forest space for free-range breeding.

3. Add gravel from the breeding period until elimination. There should be rice-sized limestone or aluminosilicate gravel in the chicken coop or outdoor sports ground (mix 2 parts of sulfur powder for every 10 parts of sand) . It has four functions: it conforms to the nature of the chicken and performs sand bathing, which is beneficial to the health of feathers and skin; it provides the chicken with a chance to peck, promotes the grinding effect of the chicken's muscle stomach, which is beneficial to digestion; it strengthens the hardness of the eggshell; and it prevents pecking habits.

4. To prevent stress, the main thing is to maintain a quiet environment and prevent rats, wild beasts and other animals and outsiders from intruding.

Avoid noise (firecrackers, gongs and drums, etc.) and avoid the stimulation of strong lights and firelight at night.

5. Feed and drinking water

The price of green shell eggs is more than twice that of ordinary eggs. Consumers are more concerned about the consistency of the egg white, the color of the egg yolk, the flavor of the egg and the quality of the egg. Drug residues are of great concern. ①Protein consistency. The fresher the eggs, the thicker the protein; using about 15% wheat or sub-flour as feed can enhance the consistency of the protein. ②Egg yellow color. Foods containing more lutein include: fresh red (yellow) corn, alfalfa powder, marigold powder, pine needles, corn gluten meal, pumpkin, red pepper, etc. Lutein (2%) can also be added to the feed. Preparation, add 1 kg to 1.5 kg per ton of material). ③Flavor substances. At present, the more practical measures are: First, plant tall trees on the sports field outside the chicken house so that flowers, leaves, and fruits will often fall down as food for the chickens, and they will also regulate the climate and purify the air. The second is to plant and feed green feed, such as amaranth, water spinach, rumex, chicory, pineapple and sweet potato vines. The third is to install insect trap lights outside the chicken coop in summer and autumn to lure various pests from nearby farmland and woods, and feed them freshly in the morning. The fourth is to use chicken manure from chicken farms and a small amount of pig manure to breed fly maggots and earthworms. Feed them fresh in hot weather, and dry the excess on the cement floor for feeding in winter. The fifth is to use by-products of the brewing industry such as beer grains, liquor grains, sugar residues, malt sugar residues, soy sauce residues, etc. Sixth, use rare earths, humic acid, sepiolite, medical stone and bentonite as additives.

4. Free-range management. After more than 3 weeks of feeding, the weight of the chicks can generally reach more than 0.3 kilograms, and they are ready for free-range. At this time, they can be scattered in the forest, beside the reservoir, or in the meadow. Green-shell laying hens catch insects, eat grass seeds and tender grass, and move around freely in the vast fields. This period lasts for 15 weeks. In terms of feeding, the baby can be fed 5 times a day in the hospital and gradually reduced to 2 times. When feeding twice a day, feed less when you let it out in the morning and more when you come back in the evening. During the stocking process, safety precautions must be taken to prevent harm from natural enemies. The main natural enemies are hawks, weasels, and bobcats. They use natural forests as barriers and may capture chickens at any time. According to chicken farm statistics in recent years, the natural loss rate is 1%. After chickens are released, the damage caused by natural enemies can reach 60%. As mentioned above, the weight of chickens during this period has reached 0.5-1 kilogram, and the loss of one chicken is equivalent to a loss of more than 20 yuan. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to safety during the stocking period and improve the survival rate of chickens. The following three methods can be used to prevent natural enemies: train domestic dogs to drive away nearby rats and ferrets, use firecrackers to drive away hawks, and use nylon nets to surround the grazing land. This method is more practical and feasible.

5. Nutrition and feeding of green-shell laying hens The nutritional requirements of green-shell laying hens are as follows: the dietary crude protein of chicks accounts for 10%, the crude protein of young chickens accounts for 15%, and the crude protein of breeder chickens accounts for 17%. The 30 days after hatching is the brooding period. The key to this period is heat preservation. The temperature should be maintained at around 33°C within 3 days after hatching, and then drop by 2°C every 7 days. The principle is that the chicks are evenly distributed around the heat source. Drink water first and then start eating. Feed full-price chick feed throughout the day, 4-6 times a day. Also pay attention to ventilation during the brooding period. The density is generally 40-50 birds/square meter at 10 days old; 30 birds/square meter at 20 days old; 20 birds/square meter at 30 days old. The weight of 140-day-old hens is generally controlled at about 11 kilograms, and the weight of roosters is about 2 kilograms. At 140 days of age, the young chicken feed is changed to full-price egg-laying breeder feed, and water-soluble multivitamins are added to the drinking water. Farmers can feed some vegetables or grasses, generally accounting for about 20% of the total feed, but do not mix them into dry feed. Egg production lasts for 16 hours per day in the early stage of egg production and 16-17.5 hours per day at the peak of egg production. When laying eggs, chicken feed consumption is about 85 grams per day. Pay attention to frequently adding medium and coarse grit, and the dosage is 6-7 kilograms per 1,000 chickens. Each group of green-shell laying hen breeders can have 100-200 birds. In addition to restricting the breeding of breeder chickens, the light should also be limited if possible. It is best to have 8 hours of light per day after 55 days. The breeder house can be equipped with an egg-laying box, using wooden boards to make a rectangular egg-laying pool, and placing fine sand to keep the environment quiet and dry.

6. Disease prevention and control Disease prevention should be implemented throughout the entire feeding process. Chickens that hatch out of the shell need to be injected with Marek's disease vaccine. The chicks are given the vaccine once each at 1 to 5 days old, 12 to 14 days old, and 35 to 37 days old when there are many diseases and poor management, for 3 to 5 days each time to prevent Salmonella. , E. coli and other bacterial diseases, the drug is enrofloxacin. Dissolve 100 ml of 10% solution in 100 kg of water and drink it for half a day, or use 10 mg per kilogram of body weight.

In addition, drugs such as tylosin and doxycycline are used to prevent respiratory diseases such as mycoplasma. Frequently use disinfectants such as Baidu to disinfect drinking water. Pay attention to prevent coccidiosis before and after 3 weeks of age. Newcastle disease vaccine should be administered intranasally or in drinking water at 7 to 10 days of age, and fowl pox vaccine should be administered at the same time. At 12 to 14 days of age, the chicken infectious bursal disease vaccine should be given to drinking water for the first time. It is best to boost the vaccination two weeks after the first vaccination. Breeding chickens must be vaccinated against Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis and egg drop syndrome with inactivated oil emulsion vaccines. The specific vaccination procedures for chickens can be formulated according to the local chicken immunization program.