ingredient
The main oxygenated compounds are α-terpineol, β-terpineol, γ-terpineol, α-fenchyl alcohol, borneol, isoborneol, camphor, terpineol-1, terpineol -4, terpineol dioxygen, methyl eugenol, anethole, 1, 4- eucalyptus. The main terpene components are terpinene, limonene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, p -397350 diene-2,4 (8), p-methylcumene, α-pinene and sesquiterpene. The synthetic pine oil contains more terpinene, but does not contain anethole and methyl phenol, and there is trace camphor. Steam distilled pine oil contains higher borneol and anethole. The main components of synthetic pine oil are shown in the table below.
job operation
Natural pine oil can be divided into three types: ① Steam distillation of pine oil. Extracting the extract of Akiko by steam distillation and intercepting a certain fraction to obtain the product; ② Sulfate pine oil. Fractionated products of crude sulfate turpentine, a by-product of kraft pulp industry. ③ Dry distillation of pine oil. By-products from distillation of Akiko (see distillation of Akiko). Synthetic turpentine is a product obtained from pinene in turpentine by hydration reaction in the presence of acidic catalyst. There are two production methods of synthetic pine oil: one-step method and two-step method. ① One-step method: using sulfuric acid as catalyst, the weight ratio of turpentine, 32% sulfuric acid and 95% ethanol is10: 8: 3. The reaction temperature is 47 ~ 50℃, and the reaction is carried out for 6 hours with vigorous stirring. At the end of the reaction, the reaction material is heated to 65℃ and kept for 5 ~10 minute, and the material is placed in an oil-water separator for standing. Recover the lower acid solution, neutralize the oil layer with sodium carbonate, and then distill to recover ethanol. The residue is crude pine oil (called No.2 oil in China), which is only used for flotation of minerals. (2) Two-step method: in the presence of catalyst sulfuric acid, an appropriate amount of emulsifier is added to hydrate pinene in turpentine to obtain an intermediate hydrated terpinediol (1, 8), and then the intermediate is partially dehydrated in dilute acid to obtain crude turpentine. Crude pine oil is rectified to obtain terpineol, and its front fraction can be properly cut and remixed to obtain pine oil with different alcohol content. Pine oil is a by-product of this process.
standard
The technical requirements of No.2 oil used as foaming agent for mineral flotation are as follows: first-class product, yellow-brown transparent oily liquid with terpene alcohol content of not less than 49%; Second-class product, yellow-brown transparent oily liquid with terpene alcohol content not less than 45%. The specific gravity is about 0.90 (4 ~ 20℃), and there shall be no other foreign impurities. Other types of China pine oil are produced according to the product specifications required by the foreign trade department, with only enterprise standards.
use
Pine oil is widely used as mineral flotation foaming agent (copper mine, lead-zinc mine and other nonferrous metals and pulverized coal), printing and dyeing auxiliary, pigment wetting agent, anti-skinning agent for paint, sheepskin degreasing agent, epoxy resin leveling agent, anti-foaming agent for protein compound in plywood industry, animal blood preservative, and leveling agent in baking paint, paper coating and enamel. In the United States, the disinfection and cleaning agent manufacturing industry is the largest user of pine oil, and the consumption in 1979 is 1.7 million tons.