With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, there are more and more patients with hypertension. Patients usually only pay attention to drug treatment and ignore dietary treatment or unreasonable dietary treatment, which often leads to treatment failure, so it is necessary to Make patients realize that diet control is the basic measure to treat this disease. Many diseases of the body are directly related to diet. Hypertension is closely related to people's eating habits. Many studies have proven that high sodium salt is an important risk factor for hypertension [1]. Potassium salt, calcium, and magnesium can combat high salt. It has the effect of increasing blood pressure and vascular damage. Low calcium, low magnesium, and abnormal calcium and magnesium metabolism are related to hypertension. However, the salt intake of Chinese people is generally higher than that of Western countries, and the intake of potassium salt, calcium, and magnesium is generally lower than that of Western countries. country, it can be seen that high sodium and low potassium are one of the factors leading to the high incidence of hypertension in our country [2]. In addition, high blood pressure is often accompanied by diseases or complications such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. These diseases are closely related to diet, and it is difficult to achieve the desired effect if drug treatment of these diseases is not combined with diet [3]. It can be seen that dietary care for hypertension is very important. Let's make some discussions on the dietary care of hypertension based on our hospital's work experience in this area.
1 Diet care
1.1 Reduce salt intake High sodium and low potassium are the main dietary structure characteristics of our people. It is closely related to not only high blood pressure but also the occurrence of stroke. Under normal circumstances, the human body's requirement for sodium salt is 0.5 to 1.0g. In daily life, the salt content of most people's meals is 10-15g, which is far more than the body's needs. Therefore, it is recommended that the daily intake per person should be less than 5.0g. WHO believes that patients with hypertension should limit salt to 1.5~3.0g. The daily salt intake of patients with mild hypertension should be less than 5g, and the daily salt intake of patients with moderate hypertension should be less than 3g. Nurses should teach patients and their families to estimate the daily amount of salt, such as a large toothpaste cap. Table salt is equivalent to 2g, and 5ml of soy sauce is equivalent to 1g of table salt (1 medium tablespoon). Try not to eat salted foods. MSG, baking soda and preservatives in drinks should also be used sparingly because they contain sodium salt.
1.2 Increase foods containing potassium, magnesium, calcium and other foods. Potassium, magnesium and calcium have antihypertensive effects and are found in beans, vegetables, fruits and milk. Patients with high blood pressure should eat more soy products, potatoes, pumpkins, Chinese cabbage, winter melon, cabbage and fruits to enhance the antihypertensive effect of a low-sodium diet. Among fresh vegetables, green leafy vegetables, beans and roots are rich in potassium. Fruits such as bananas, apricots, and plums are rich in potassium. Poultry, fish, lean meat, etc. are rich in potassium. Normal people should eat a certain amount of vegetables and fruits every day. fruits. Increase calcium intake: Milk is rich in calcium, providing more than 100mg of calcium per 100ml. Therefore, drinking milk is worth promoting. Beans, dried shrimps, sesame paste, cabbage, cauliflower, etc. also contain more calcium.
1.3 Limit energy intake and control weight to lower cholesterol. The patient’s fat intake should be controlled below 25% of the total energy, mainly vegetable fat, and the daily cholesterol intake should be less than 300mg. . Hyperlipidemia is a condition for the formation of arteriosclerosis. Lipid in the blood deposits in the arterial wall, forming atherosclerosis, decreasing elasticity and increasing blood pressure. Patients with high blood pressure can eat appropriate amounts of lean meat, poultry, fish, milk, eggs, etc., and appropriate amounts of fat-lowering foods, such as onions, garlic, mushrooms, fungus, seaweed, kelp, etc., and try not to eat irritating foods, such as peppers, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, cinnamon, etc.
1.4 Reasonable adjustment of the ratio of fat, fatty acid, and protein. The intake of unsaturated fatty acids may be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The intake ratio of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in patients with hypertension should be 1 to 1.5. It is advisable to eat a low-fat, low-egg diet, mainly vegetable oils, and eat more fish protein. Fish protein is rich in methionine and taurine, which helps reduce the incidence of hypertension and stroke. Fish oil is rich in Saturated fatty acids have antihypertensive effects; soy protein also has the effect of preventing stroke. Therefore, patients with hypertension can eat more fish and soy products, especially marine fish, to increase their intake of high-quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids.
1.5 Avoid alcoholism. It is advisable to quit smoking. Patients with high blood pressure should limit their drinking to less than 25g (50g of liquor). If necessary, they should quit drinking completely. Patients with high blood pressure should not smoke. Smoking can promote the occurrence of atherosclerotic heart disease. and development. Its harmful components, nicotine and carbon monoxide, are harmful to the cardiovascular system. Drink less coffee. Coffee has a boosting effect. You can drink more tea, especially green tea. Tea contains a large amount of active substances tea polyphenols, which have antioxidant and free oxygen scavenging properties. It has the functions of base, blood vessel protection and fat reduction, thus conducive to the treatment of lowering blood pressure.
1.6 Supplement crude fiber and dietary fiber. Allow patients to eat more vegetables that are low in carbohydrates, protein, and fat but high in fiber to increase dietary fiber in the diet. Dietary fiber refers to the components of food that cannot be absorbed in the human intestine. Dietary fiber can delay the absorption of sugar in food and reduce fasting and postprandial blood sugar. Eating more fiber-containing vegetables can not only control heat energy metabolism, but also increase the feeling of satiety, promote gastrointestinal motility, and prevent constipation. , reduce the absorption of sugar and lipids, reduce the damage of high blood lipids to the blood vessel wall, thereby reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Wheat bran, gum, oat bran or mixed fiber can be used as a substitute for foods higher in fat, cholesterol and calories.
1.7 Adequate Vitamin C Serum vitamin C content is negatively correlated with blood pressure. It is necessary to ensure the intake of vitamin-rich green vegetables and fruits.
1.8 In addition, patients with hypertension should adjust their diet structure with the changes of the four seasons, eat a mixture of meat and vegetables, grains and vegetables, a mixture of coarse and fine foods, do not have a partial eclipse, and develop a nutritionally balanced eating habit.
2 Traditional Chinese Medicine Diet
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that high blood pressure is mostly caused by yin deficiency, water does not contain wood, then liver yang will be excessive, liver fire will be excessive, and blood pressure will rise. Treatment should be to nourish the liver and kidneys Lord. In terms of food, it is advisable to eat more clear and tonic foods, such as celery, lettuce, bamboo shoots, seaweed, kelp, daylily, malantou, wild rice, mung beans, tea, etc. Flat tonic foods are also suitable, but spicy and warm tonic foods are not suitable, such as chili, pepper, coffee, coriander, oysters, sparrow, dog meat, etc. It is also not advisable to eat fatty food.
3 Dealing with Common Problems in Dietary Care
3.1 Develop good eating habits, eat regularly, avoid overeating, avoid eating at night, reasonably arrange the diet structure, and do not have a partial eclipse. The diet should be diverse and include more fiber-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits and grains. Vegetables with high fiber content include roots, wild vegetables or radishes, melons, etc. Fruits include apples, bananas, pears, and oranges. Whole grains include oats and beans. Drink plenty of water. Drink a large glass of warm water every morning to help cleanse and stimulate intestinal peristalsis. Avoid drinking strong tea and spirits. Eat irritating foods and fatty foods, which have a better laxative effect. You can drink some appropriately, including vegetable oil, sesame seeds, walnut kernels, etc.
3.2 Develop good defecation habits and defecate regularly. Generally, go to the toilet in the morning or after breakfast. During this time, the colon is more active and it is easier to start defecation. Make defecation an essential part of daily life. content. Usually, you go to the toilet when you feel the urge to defecate. When defecating, you should concentrate on emptying as much as possible.
3.3 Appropriate exercise Exercise can strengthen abdominal muscle contraction, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, and increase defecation motivation. You can walk, jog, do gymnastics, etc. in the morning. You can move more and be less quiet at ordinary times. You can also do long-distance running, swimming, ball games, Tai Chi, Qigong and other sports. Health care techniques can also be used, such as regular abdominal massage in a clockwise manner to increase gastrointestinal motility and promote defecation.
3.4 Keep your body and mind happy, arrange work and life reasonably, ensure adequate rest and sleep, balance work and rest, feel comfortable, and do more things that interest you, such as raising fish and flowers, painting and calligraphy, and appreciating Music, strengthen exercise, enhance physical fitness to adapt to weather changes, coupled with a good mental state, reasonable nutritious meals, keep blood pressure stable, which is conducive to longevity.
3.5 Be careful when using medication. Many drugs can cause constipation as a side effect, such as gentamicin. You should observe your stool when taking it and use laxatives if necessary. When your condition requires laxatives, do not take them under the guidance of a doctor. Self-abuse.
4 Psychological care
We believe that psychological care is also very important. Maintain a calm state of mind, avoid excessive anxiety, sadness, excitement, etc., do not be anxious or impatient when things happen, and be able to respond with a normal mind. Treatment can teach patients relaxation therapy, communicate frequently with patients, encourage friends or relatives to accompany them, inform them about the relationship between emotions and diseases, so that patients can correctly understand the disease and actively cooperate with care. In short, dietary care plays an important role in the treatment of hypertension. It is a very important link between the patient's family and hospital treatment. It runs through the entire process of disease treatment and complements each other with drug treatment. We believe it is necessary to rise to this high level of understanding of the importance of dietary care.