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How kidney stones are expelled

The way a kidney stone is expelled depends on the size and location of the stone and the patient's condition. Here are some common ways to expel kidney stones:

Natural expulsion: For smaller stones (usually less than 5 millimeters), natural expulsion of stones can be facilitated by increasing water intake, exercising more and using medications. Drinking more water increases the amount of urine and helps the stones pass out of the urinary tract.

Shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): This is a non-invasive treatment in which the stone is broken into smaller pieces by the action of an external shock wave, making it easier to pass. After lithotripsy, patients need to drink plenty of water to facilitate the expulsion of the fragments.

Lumpectomy (PCNL): For larger or more complex stones, lumpectomy may be required, where the stone is introduced into the urinary tract through a lumposcope and removed or fragmented directly. After the procedure, the patient may need an indwelling urinary catheter or urinary stent to maintain patency and facilitate the removal of stone fragments.

Ureteroscopic treatment (URS): A thin mirror is introduced into the urinary tract through the urethra to directly remove or fragment stones. After the procedure, the patient may need an indwelling urinary catheter or urinary stent to maintain patency and promote the removal of stone fragments.

Open Surgery: For larger, more complex stones or stones that cannot be treated by other methods, open surgery may be needed to remove the stone directly through a surgical incision into the urinary tract. After surgery, patients may need an indwelling urinary catheter or urinary stent to maintain patency and facilitate the removal of stone fragments.

It is important to note that the time and manner in which stones are expelled varies from individual to individual. Some stones may take longer to be expelled and may even require multiple treatments. It is recommended that you seek prompt medical attention and be evaluated and treated by a medical professional to determine the best way to remove the stones for you.