It's shepherd's purse

Shepherd's purse, a famous wild vegetable, is now beginning to be introduced into the cultivation of major cities in China.

Pinyin Jì?Cài?

English name Shepherdspurse?Herb, Herb?of?Shepherdspurse?

Alias Flat Spatula Cabbage, Ground Dinning Cabbage, Ground Vegetable, Capsicum, Capsicum, Meconopsis, Flowering Vegetable, Protecting the Life of the Herb, Sheepshead Vegetable, Chicken Heart Vegetable, Purifying Intestinal Vegetable, Upper E Vegetable, Diamondback Vegetable, Clearing Vegetable , Fragrant Field Mustard, Pillow Weed, Ground Rice Vegetable, Chicken Feet Vegetable, False Water Lettuce, Ground Vegetable, Smoke Box Weed, Cecrops, Mountain Turnip Seedling, Hundred Flower Heads, Yu Vegetable, Spicy Vegetable, etc.?

Source?

Medicinal herb origin: the whole grass of Capsicum annuum, family Cruciferae.?

Latin Botanical and Animal Mineral Name: Capsella?bursapastoris(L.)?Medic.[Thlaspi?bursapastoris?L.]?

According to the record of "The Sea of Chinese Medicines", the name was first published in "Thousand Golden Foods" as the whole root of the cruciferous plant Capsella bursapastoris. The product capsule with Qi: the Qi also, this grass can be hungry when the abdomen to extend life, war wounds can stop bleeding and live, the merit is quite large, the role of the full so named.　

Shepherd's purse is a cruciferous plant Capsellabursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.? s young tender leaves, also known as ground vegetables, is a favorite wild vegetable. Native to China, now all over the world, China since ancient times on the collection of wild capers to eat, as early as 300 years before the end of the capers recorded in the late 19th century? To the beginning of the 20th century, Shanghai suburbs began to have more than ninety years of cultivation history.

At present, the domestic major cities began to introduce cultivation, but still in the sporadic production of the range.

And shepherd's purse is fickle, planted in different fields of shepherd's purse is different. In fact it is a famous wild vegetable.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Types and varieties

The following two main varieties are currently in production: ?

Plate leaf caper? Also known as large-leafed chestnut, Shanghai local varieties. The plant collapses to grow, the degree of development of 18 centimeters. Leaf blade light green, day and thick, leaf length 10 centimeters, width 2.5 centimeters, there are about 18 leaves. Leaf margin pinnately lobed, nearly entire, leaf surface smooth, slightly tomentose, meet the low temperature after the leaf color turns dark. The variety of cold and heat resistance are strong, early maturity, fast growth, 40 days after sowing can be harvested, high yield, good appearance and commerciality, flavor and fresh. The disadvantage is that the aroma is not strong enough, weak winter, shoots earlier, not spring sowing, generally used for fall cultivation.

Scattered leaf caper? Also known as hundred feet caper, slow caper, flower leaf caper, small leaf caper, broken leaf caper, broken leaf head. The plant collapses and grows, spreads 18 centimeters. Leaf blade green, pinnatisect, leaf margin notch deep, 10 cm long, leaf narrow shorter, there are 20 leaves or so, green, leaf margin pinnatisect, leaf surface smooth tomentum more, meet the low temperature after the leaf color to dark, with purple. The variety of cold resistance is medium, heat resistance is strong, strong winter, later than the board leaf caper 10 ~ 15 days. Strong aroma, taste very fresh, suitable for spring cultivation.

Cultivation techniques (1) cultivation season

The Yangtze River Basin Capsella can be cultivated in spring, summer and fall. Spring cultivation in late February to late April sowing; summer cultivation in early July to late August sowing; fall cultivation in early September to early October sowing. North China is feasible for two-season cultivation, spring cultivation in early March to late April sowing; fall cultivation from early July to mid-September. The use of plastic greenhouses or solarium cultivation, can be sown at any time from early October to early February of the following year.

(2) Selection of land preparation

North China due to the market demand for capers is not large, so less with a large area of continuous plot planting. Generally use the ridge, the edge of the ground; greenhouses, greenhouses of ? East and west sides or south side cultivation. Seed caper land to choose fertile, weed less plots, ? Avoid continuous cropping. Before sowing per hectare of rotting organic fertilizer 45000 kg, with the conditions of the application of chelated state bumpy granular fertilizer - commercial light energy organic fertilizer, shallow turning, harrowing fine, made into flat beds.?

⑶ sowing

Shepherd's purse seeds are very small, so the entire sowing must be careful.?

①? The ground is prepared for the sowing of capers. Shepherd's purse sowing is very strict on the requirements of the plot of land, to choose the smaller weeds of the plot, the bed should be made fine, flat, soft. Soil particles as fine as possible, in order to prevent the seeds from leaking into the depths, not easy to seedling, the bed width of 2 meters, deep ditch high bed, in order to facilitate drainage and irrigation.

②? Sowing method? Shepherd's purse is usually sown, but to strive for uniformity, seeding can be evenly mixed with 1 to 3 times fine soil. After sowing, tread gently with your foot once, so that the seeds and soil in close contact, in order to facilitate the seeds to absorb water, early emergence. Early fall sowing of mustard if the use of new seeds harvested that year, to try to break the seed dormancy, usually low-temperature treatment, with soil stratification method or in the 2 ~ 7 ℃ low-temperature refrigerator germination, after 7 ~ 9 days, the seeds began to sprout, can be sown. Sowing in the summer, can be 1 ~ 2 days before sowing wet beds, in order to prevent high temperature and drought caused by the emergence of seedlings difficult, after sowing with a shade net cover, can reduce the soil temperature, maintain soil moisture, to prevent erosion of thunderstorms.

③? The amount of seed sown? Each 667 square meters of spring sowing needs seed 0.75 to 1 kg summer sowing for 2 to 2.5 kg, fall sowing for 1 to 1.5 kg.?

Shepherd's purse seeds have a dormant period, the year's new seeds should not be utilized, because not out of the dormant period, it is not easy to seedling after sowing.

(4) field management

In normal climate, spring sowing of 5 to 7 days can flush seedling; summer and fall sowing of 3 days can flush seedling. Seedlings should be small water before watering, keep the soil moist, in order to issue seedlings. Seedling attention to appropriate irrigation, keep wet to the extent that do not make drought, pay attention to drainage and flood prevention during the rainy season. Rainy season, such as mud splash in the leaves or cabbage heart, to be in the early morning or evening will be mud washed off, so as not to affect the growth of chestnut. Autumn sowing chestnut in the pre-winter should be appropriate control of watering, to prevent futile growth, in order to facilitate the safe overwintering.

Spring and summer cultivation of shepherd's purse, due to the short growth period, general fertilizer 2 times. The first time at 2 true leaves; the second time after 15 to 20 days apart. Each time each hectare of rotted human manure and urine liquid 22,500 kg, or good and fast potassium sulfate type organic fertilizer 120 kg, or urea 150 kg. Autumn sowing caper's harvest period is longer, every harvest should be fertilized once, can be fertilized 4 times, the amount of the same as spring sowing caper.

Shepherd's purse plant is small, easy to mix with weeds, weeding difficulties. For this reason, should try to choose less weed plot cultivation, in the management should often plowing pull weeds, as early as pulled, pulled small, pulled, do not wait for the grass big pressure seedlings, or pull big grass hurt seedlings.

(5) harvest

Spring and summer sowing of caper, faster growth, from sowing to harvest days is generally 30 ~ 50 days, the number of times the harvest for 1 ~ 2 times. Autumn sowing of capers, from sowing to harvest for 30 to 35 days, and then successively harvested 4 to 5 times, the Yangtze River Basin can be delayed until the following spring.

Harvesting, choose to have 10 to 13 true leaves of the large plant harvesting, with roots dug out. Leave the middle and small seedlings to continue to grow. At the same time, pay attention to first picking dense plants, after picking sparse places, so that the plants left behind are evenly distributed. Watering in time after harvesting, in order to facilitate the continued growth of the remaining plants. Yield 37,500 to 45,000 kilograms per hectare.?

(6) pest control

The main disease of caper is downy mildew, summer and fall rainy season? Festival, when the air is humid easy to occur. The early stage of occurrence can be sprayed with 75% Chlorothalonil 600 times liquid control.

The main insect pest of caper is aphids. After aphid damage, the leaves become green and black, losing food value, but also easy to spread virus disease. When aphids are found to be harmful, they should be sprayed with ?40% Rogaine 1500 times liquid; or biomedicine bittersweet; or 80% dichlorvos 1000 times tuck spray to prevent and control.?

(7) seed retention

Shepherd's purse seed retention to establish seed retention field, seed retention field to choose high and dry, drainage? Water good, moderate fertility plots. The Yangtze River basin in late September to early October sowing, ? About 22.5 kilograms per hectare. After sowing seedlings, combined with inter-seedling, eliminating sick,? weak, residual seedlings. The following spring for a plant selection, will be weak, inferior plants and does not have the characteristics of the variety? Characteristics of the plants are all pulled out, set seedlings, maintain plant spacing 12 cm x ?12 cm. Fertilizer after the seedling, per hectare of rotted human manure 15000 kg, or good and fast potassium sulfate fertilizer or organic seaweed fertilizer or phosphorus, potassium fertilizer 150 to 225 kg. And pay attention to the control of pests and diseases.

Take seeds from wild caper? There are more types of wild shepherd's purse, the common ones are:?

(1) broad-leaved type shepherd's purse: shaped like a small wave of vegetables, leaf collapse growth, plant development degree up to 18 ~ 20 cm, leaf blade base has a deep cleavage notch, leaf surface is smooth, leaf color is greener, fresh vegetable yield is higher.?

(2) hemp leaf (foliage) type shepherd's purse: leaf collapse growth, plant development degree up to 15 ~ 18 cm, leaf blade pinnatisect, notch deep, finely crushed such as FeiLian (Carduus?crispus?L.) leaf type, green, edible flavor is better.

(3) purple red leaf caper: leaf collapse growth, plant development degree 15 ~ 18 cm, leaf shape between the above two, regardless of fertilizer and water conditions are good or bad, long in shady or sunny slopes, highland or concave, leaf petiole are purplish-red, slightly velvety hairs on the leaf blade, adaptable, taste good.?

The method of seedling selection and seed gathering is, in winter or early spring, you can go to the field to select seedlings, dig and put the three types of capers, or according to the purpose of seed selection, select one of the types. The seedlings are then planted on scattered mature soil vegetable plots that have been fertilized and finely prepared (note the need for segregation between the different types), and after they have become established, attention is paid to watering and fertilizing, and aphids are prevented and controlled, so that the plants will flower and set pods normally. In the seed pods yellow, the seeds eight mature harvest, so as to avoid overripe "fried pods" so that the seeds scattered. The seed pods will be spread out on the film to dry and rubbed, and the dry seeds will be taken out and stored in a fine way.

Selected seeds?

Artificial cultivation of cultivated vegetables for the selection of seeds, can quickly increase the number of seeds of cultivated vegetables, expanding the planting area, and the establishment of the seed field can save from the wild land to pick up a lot of trouble. According to Shanghai's many years of experience in selecting and retaining seeds, shepherd's purse selecting and retaining seeds should grasp the following key.

1. Selection of seed field? Generally choose late September to early October sowing late sowing fields as seed field. Select the terrain is high and fresh, high purity varieties, robust growth, no pests and diseases of mustard field as seed retention.

2. Adhere to the standard of forest selection? When the Spring Festival is approaching, picking and harvesting caper in the field of seed retention, should focus on selecting and retaining good seed plants. For example, in the plate leaf caper seed field, should be in line with the plate leaf caper characteristics of robust plants to stay, will be some non-plate leaf caper pick harvest, will be poor and small, there are pests and diseases of the plant pick to market. Make the plant row spacing of seed plants to maintain 15 centimeters, in order to facilitate the uniform growth space between the seed plants, to promote its balanced growth, improve seed yield. Because shepherd's purse is originally a wild vegetable, mixed varieties, only adhere to the plant selection, in order to effectively improve the purity of varieties, to ensure that the next maturity of commercial vegetables of high quality and high yield.

3. Good seed field management? Pre-fertilization management, weeding. Insect control and other measures are the same as the commercial chestnut field. But in February after the debris inferior, must be timely application of rotted fresh water manure 1 time, to promote the seed plant hair good tree, so that its roots deep leaves, nutritional growth robust. In the moss buds, should increase the application of phosphorus, potassium, silicon fertilizer, can be combined with the prevention and control of insect pests, in the pesticide to add 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid or good and fast spraying. This not only enhances the plant's resilience, but also facilitates more seed pods and promotes seed fullness. Usually, especially to diligently check and prevent aphids. Even to April 20, the seed plants have entered the pod milky period, should still control aphids once, otherwise it will be due to rampant aphids and make the seed grain is not full, resulting in seed failure. Usually must also do a good job of repairing ditches and ditches, to prevent flooding when there is a lot of rain.

4. timely seed collection, timely threshing and drying storage? Shepherd's purse seed plant maturity, generally at the end of April and early May, when the seed plant flowers have been thankful, stems yellowish, from the pods rubbed down the seeds have been yellow, for nine mature. This is the most opportune time to harvest. If harvested too early, the seed maturity is not enough, low yield, poor quality. If harvested too late, the seeds will be scattered and wasted. Generally in the morning on a sunny day for harvesting, do not harvest at noon, so as not to crack the pods, the seeds scattered off. In the process of harvesting and drying, the seeds should be rubbed down at any time, and then thinly spread in the bamboo plaque, and do not turn your hand when drying. The first threshing of the seeds of the best quality. Later threshing a little less, in a normal year, the general 667 square meters of production up to 25 ~ 30 kg.

The right time to pick seed is the key to caper seed saving. Generally when the seed plants on the flowers have been thankful, stem yellow, seed pods from green to yellow, seven or eight mature, from the pods rubbed down some of the seed color has been yellowing for the right time for seed harvesting. Harvested in the morning on a sunny day, cut and dried on the spot for 1 hour, rub the seeds down and dry. Never expose the seeds to the sun, so as not to reduce the germination rate.?

Moderately mature seeds are orange-red in color, and over-mature seeds are dark brown. The period of use is 2 to 3 years. "Peach and plum in the city worry about the wind and rain, spring in the stream head caper flowers." Xin Jiaxuan here is both lyrical and realistic, the vitality of the caper is indeed beyond the imagination of ordinary people.?

Small points of high-yield cultivation

Capsicum annuum is a cruciferous plant, is a favorite edible wild vegetables, its nutritional value is very high, can be fried, cold, do vegetable stuffing, vegetable soup, practical methods. Shepherd's purse is a cold-hardy vegetable, requiring cool and sunny climate. Planting methods are as follows:?

1. timely weeding. Shepherd's purse plant is short, usually sowing, so weeding is more difficult, should be timely weeding. Small grass with hand plucking, large grass with knife pick.?

2. Watering and moisturizing. Shepherd's purse seeds are small, affected by soil moisture, pay attention to watering and moisturizing before the emergence of seedlings, watering time in the morning and evening is appropriate. Shepherd's purse planting density, water demand is also more, so to light watering, diligent watering.

3. base fertilizer seedling. The application of chelated state concave granular fertilizer-commercial light energy organic fertilizer. Fertilizer to promote growth. Spring and summer sowing of the short growing period, fertilization generally 2 times. The first fertilization is carried out in the seedlings 2 true leaves, the application of 0.3% urea liquid, or good and fast potassium sulfate organic fertilizer, biological seaweed fertilizer, etc., the second fertilization in the harvest before 7 to 10 days is appropriate. Autumn sowing of the long growing period, fertilizer 4 times, each time to pour dilute human and animal feces and urine. And timely spraying silicon potassium treasure makes the plant pole stem thick and strong, lush plants. At the same time can enhance the ability to resist disasters, reduce the amount of pesticides and fertilizers, and reduce the residual poison.

4. Conditional can develop the characteristic advantage of selenium-rich caper industry.?

5. Flushing mud. During the summer and fall, after encountering thunderstorms, if there is mud splashed on the leaves or heart of the vegetable, it is necessary to use a spray bottle in the early morning or evening to rinse off the mud, otherwise it will affect the growth. (CNSNews.com)