I: Appropriate restrictions on food. Liver cancer patients are forbidden food: rooster, duck (duck), pork, shrimp, crab, snails, mussels, silkworm pupae, mutton, dog meat, eel, bamboo shoots, chili peppers, fried products, tobacco, alcohol, etc. (part of the folk believe that the hairy things). Of course, it is difficult to explain one by one, individual patients eat these foods do not necessarily have an accident, to be precise, so do not worry.
Two: the number of dietary restrictions, the patient's spleen and stomach is not good, what to eat should be moderate, not exposure to food, do not favoritism, pay attention to fruit supplementation, there is a piece of information that advanced liver cancer patients take vitamin C can be appropriate to prolong life.
Three: appropriate calcination, can resume work as much as possible to return to work (must be light physical labor), this is because the patient all day long idle at home, when they will think of their own patients, aggravate the burden of thought, is not conducive to the recovery, appropriate calcination, back to the post with the workmates, can be a certain degree of put down the burden of thought, is beneficial to the body.
■Complex vitamins: enhance the resistance of liver cells to viruses, protect the liver; Vitamin A / D / E are stored in the liver, suffering from hepatitis, these vitamins in the body's reserves are insufficient, the need for a large number of supplements
■Vitamin C: has the effect of detoxification, increase the liver cells of the antivirus ability to remove free radicals to protect liver cells
■Vitamin C: has the effect of detoxification, increased liver cell antiviral capacity, remove free radicals, protect the liver cells
■ Propolis: rich and unique flavonoids, terpenoids , mild and effective, will not cause the dysfunction of the digestive tract of the parasitic bacteria, a variety of bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc. have a significant inhibition and killing effect; and Enron, anti-inflammatory, pain, itching, anesthesia, anti-radiation and other effects.
■Royal jelly: has the repair of damaged liver cells, promote the recovery of liver function, the infectious hepatitis has a very good therapeutic effect.
■ Spirulina tablets: a highly nutritious alkaline food, providing liver patients with high plant protein and high vitamins and minerals.
■Vitamin B: provide enough B vitamins for the liver, which is good for eliminating inflammation, protecting the liver and maintaining normal liver function.
■ Protein Powder: Provide nutrients for the human body to maintain the needs of human life activities; for the immune system to produce antibodies against bacteria, and repair damaged tissues to provide raw materials.
■Wheat germ oil: antioxidant, resistance to free radicals, protect the liver.
■Garlic essential oil: a natural antimicrobial, protects the liver.
■ ■ β-carotene: converted to vitamin A, to maintain the skin in the normalization of the mucosal system of the inner lumen of the organ, maintain and promote the growth of liver cell tissue.
■Squalene: antioxidant, improve the body's immunity, provide oxygen to liver cells, activate cells.
Hepatocellular carcinoma one day recipe:
Breakfast: sweet milk (milk 250 grams, 5 grams of sugar), boiled eggs (eggs 50 grams), 50 grams of bread.
Extra meal: 1 small bowl of lotus root powder (lotus root powder 30g), 2 cookies (cookie 30g).
Lunch: 100 grams of rice (100 grams of rice), minced pork and tofu (50 grams of minced pork and 150 grams of tofu), stir-fried asparagus with veggies (100 grams of asparagus).
Extra meal: 1 apple (apple 200g).
Dinner: pasta sheet or noodle (flour 100g), tomato and cucumber scrambled egg (tomato 100g, cucumber 100g, fungus 3g, egg 50g).
Additional meals: milk (250 grams of fresh milk, 10 grams of sugar) 20 grams of cooking oil throughout the day, 8 grams of salt.
Hepatocellular carcinoma dietary remedies
(1) Chinese wolfberry turtle: 30 grams of Chinese wolfberry, turtle 150 grams. Steam the wolfberry and turtle **** until cooked, wolfberry and turtle soup can be eaten. 1 time a week, should not eat, especially indigestion, insomnia should not eat. Avoid drinking white wine, chili pepper, sow meat, leeks, fat meat, oil frying, hard food and stimulating condiments. It has the ability to nourish yin, clear heat, disperse knots, cool blood and improve the immune function of the body.
(2) Poria steamed cinnamon fish: Poria 15 grams, 150 grams of cinnamon fish. Add water and seasonings with the steam until cooked to become. Eat fish and drink soup, with the spleen and dampness, beneficial to the blood function.
(3) Cuiyi tomato tofu soup: watermelon Cuiyi 30 grams, 50 grams of tomatoes, tofu 150 grams. Watermelon Cuiyi, tomatoes and tofu all cut into fine silk soup. Regular consumption, with the spleen and digestion, clearing heat and detoxification, diuretic, diuretic and other effects, cold and weak should not be served more.
(4) artichoke crucian carp soup: artichoke 30 grams, crucian carp 1. Artichokes and crucian carp **** with the soup, add appropriate seasonings into. Regular consumption, with the elimination of blood stasis, stop vomiting, improve the work of the symptoms. However, the spleen and stomach cold, no bruises should not be served.
(5) gorgonian stew: 30 grams of gorgonian, 100 grams of lean pork. The two together in a casserole pot with the right amount of water stewed, remove the dregs, eat meat and drink soup. Frequent consumption, this meal laxative, expectorant, laxative, ascites can be used in this recipe.
(6) mint brown sugar drink: 15 grams of mint, brown sugar 60 grams. Decoction soup flavored with sugar into. Can be used as a substitute for tea, this medicinal meal clearing heat, warmth, yellow; jaundice, ascites can be used.
(7) green fruit burning egg: green fruit 20 grams, 1 egg. First of all, the green fruit cooked and then add the lying egg, *** with the cooking mix can be eaten. 3 times a week, each time 1 egg, can break the blood scattered in, applicable to liver cancer in pain, ascites obvious people.
(8)Meat stewed with the root of the monkey peach: 100 grams of the root of the fresh monkey peach, 200 grams of lean pork. The above two things in the nitrate pot with water to cook, stewed after the dregs of the medicine into. Regular consumption, with clearing heat and detoxification, diuresis and blood.
(9) bitter vegetable juice: bitter vegetables, sugar, each appropriate amount. Bitter cabbage washed and mashed juice with sugar into. 3 times a week, has the effect of clearing heat, suitable for liver cancer dry mouth anorexia and other symptoms.
(10) amaranth brine chicken eggs: amaranth, 2 fresh eggs. The first amaranth and water boiled into amaranth brine, and then take 300 milliliters, with tooth juice boiled eggs. 1 time a day, with the soup to take. Can clear away heat and detoxification, eliminate swelling and remove bruises, relieve pain, suitable for giant liver cancer fever does not go away, thirst and irritability.
(11) Lotus root juice stewed egg: 30 ml of lotus root juice, 1 egg, a little rock sugar. Egg open and stirred to add the lotus root juice, mix well and add a little rock sugar can be slightly steamed. Often served, this formula has stop bleeding, pain, dissipate bruises, liver cancer with bleeding people should be used.
(12) yam and lentil porridge: 30 grams of Chinese yam, lentil 10 grams, 100 grams of round-grained rice. The yam washed and peeled and sliced, lentils boiled half-cooked with round-grained rice, yam cooked into porridge. Consume it 2 times a day for breakfast and dinner, which has the function of strengthening spleen and transforming dampness, and is used for advanced liver cancer patients with spleen deficiency and diarrhea.
Early Signs and Prevention of Liver Cancer
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Early Signs and Prevention of Liver Cancer
Early Liver Cancer Symptoms: According to epidemiologic investigation, about 90% of liver cancer is related to hepatitis B or C virus infection. Positive surface antigen of hepatitis B, positive "two half pairs" and positive antibody of hepatitis C are all signs of hepatitis virus infection.
Preventive countermeasures: for people over 35 years of age who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, suffer from chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis for more than 5 years, and have a family history of liver cancer in the three generations of their immediate family members, the test of alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound of the liver every six months is the most effective way to detect liver cancer at an early stage. In addition, hepatitis B vaccination; blood transfusion to ensure that the blood products are not infected with hepatitis virus. Alcohol is also a major enemy of liver cancer, so you should stop drinking to prevent liver cancer.
Nursing measures for liver cancer
1. Pre-operative nursing
(1) Pay attention to observing the sudden change of condition: in the process of pre-operative nursing, many critical complications may occur in liver diseases, such as acute peritonitis and internal hemorrhage in the case of ruptured and bleeding of primary hepatocellular carcinoma: upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy may occur in some patients. A few patients can also show symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to bile duct bleeding.
(2) Psychological care: due to the manifestation of severe pain, fever, jaundice, malnutrition, or due to the patient's concern about the treatment program and the prognosis of surgery, the patient often has a complex psychological state, such as anxiety, fear or despair. While providing symptomatic care to alleviate the patient's pain, the patient should be more considerate and comforted. Appropriate introduction of relevant treatment methods and significance. Pay attention to the medical protection system for patients. In the process of medical care, strive to get the patient, family and society's good cooperation.
(3) Improvement of liver function and systemic nutritional status: preoperative rest should be paid attention to and actively correct malnutrition, anemia, hypoproteinemia and coagulation dysfunction, and take effective measures to protect the liver.
(4) Preventing and controlling infections: antibiotics should be used two days before liver surgery to prevent infections from occurring before and after surgery. For other liver diseases combined with infection, a large number of effective antibiotics should be given in time, rationalize the time of drug administration, correctly select the method and route of drug administration, pay attention to the side effects of the drugs, and avoid the use of drugs that are harmful to the liver.
(5) Bowel preparation: for those who intend to perform extensive hepatic tissue resection or hepatic vascular ligation or embolization, especially for those who are combined with hepatic sclerosis, in order to inhibit the bacteria in their intestinal tract, remove the feces in the intestinal tract, so as to reduce the postoperative abdominal distension and the source of blood ammonia, and to prevent the occurrence of complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, the necessary intestinal preparations should be carried out for 3 days before the operation.
(6) Other work: gastric tube is generally required to be placed before liver surgery, and urinary catheter is also required if necessary. Extensive hepatectomy intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion may be large, preoperative blood should be prepared, fresh blood is preferred, to avoid intraoperative input of large quantities of stored blood which may cause coagulation disorders.
2. Post-operative care
(1) Closely observe the changes of the condition: after liver surgery, especially after extensive hepatic lobectomy is prone to many complications, and its mortality rate is very high. Complications include:
①intra-abdominal hemorrhage: caused by coagulation mechanism disorder or hemorrhage of blood vessels in liver section after lobectomy;
②gastrointestinal hemorrhage: hepatocellular carcinoma mostly has hepatic stiffness, caused by rupture of esophageal varices in induced portal hypertension after operation, or stress ulcer;
③hepatic failure or hepatic encephalopathy;
④abdominal fluid: caused by poor hepatic function, hypoproteinemia;
⑤ bile leakage: caused by tissue necrosis in the liver section or detachment of small bile duct ligatures, which can cause cholestatic peritonitis;
⑥ abdominal infection: due to poor drainage of abdominal seepage of blood and seepage fluid;
⑦ pleural effusion: associated with hypoproteinemia and subphrenic infection.
Therefore, postoperative vital signs, bleeding symptoms, changes in consciousness, jaundice, ascites, urine output, abdominal and thoracic symptoms and signs, drainage of various drainage tubes, blood and urine routine, electrolytes and acid-base balance index measurement, liver and kidney function tests, and ultrasound, X-ray and other special tests should be carried out if necessary. If you find that the complications occur, when the timely contact with the physician, seriously do the corresponding treatment and care work.
(2) Position and activity: After the condition is stabilized, it is better to take semi-recumbent position. Generally, it is not advisable to get up and move too early after liver surgery, especially after hepatic lobectomy, which is easy to cause bleeding in the liver section. However, it is possible to move around in bed and encourage deep breathing and coughing to prevent complications such as pneumonia and pulmonary atelectasis.
(3) Diet and fluids: after surgery, diet is forbidden, gastrointestinal decompression is performed, and fluids are given to maintain water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. After the recovery of gastrointestinal function, the patient should be given fluids, and then change to semi-liquids and normal diet as appropriate. For extensive hepatic lobectomy, elemental diet or intravenous high nutritional support can also be used.
(4) Continue to take measures to protect the liver: the method is the same as preoperative care. However, after extensive hepatic lobectomy or hepatic vascular flow blockage, intermittent oxygen intake should be used for 2 to 4 days; appropriate amount of plasma, human albumin, branched-chain amino acids and so on should be fed intravenously for 2 weeks after the operation; and fresh blood can be fed in small amount and several times, which has an important role in the promotion of hepatic function recovery.
(5) Continue to use antibiotics: to prevent and control various postoperative infections in the liver wound, abdominal cavity and chest.
(6) Drainage tube care: a variety of drainage may be used after liver surgery, various drainage tubes should be kept open and properly fixed, detailed observation and recording of the drainage volume and the character of the contents as well as changes. Pay attention to the aseptic operation, and change the drainage tube and drainage bottle every day. Hepatic resection site or subdiaphragmatic drainage commonly used double cannula closed negative pressure suction device, should maintain effective negative pressure suction. For those with T-tube drainage, see T-tube care after biliary surgery. Drainage tubes in the perihepatic area after hepatic lobectomy are usually placed for 3 to 5 days, and they should be removed promptly when the exudate decreases significantly. For drainage of liver abscess, the drain should be removed when the general condition improves, the temperature and blood routine are normal, the draining pus is thin and less than 10 ml per day, or the volume of the pus cavity is less than 10 ml as seen by drain angiography.
(7) Discharge rehabilitation guidance:
①Appropriate rest as prescribed by the doctor;
②Adjustment of diet and nutrition;
③Continue to take medication as prescribed by the doctor;
④Regular follow-up review, to understand the changes in liver function and recurrence of the disease. Postoperative should also pay attention to the results of alpha-fetoprotein tracking test, or pay attention to observe whether there is any metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.