1, diabetic diet
1, cereals and potatoes: try to use high dietary fiber foods, such as oat flour, wheat flour, oat flour, corn flour, millet, etc. is rich in vitamin B, a variety of micronutrients and dietary fiber, long-term consumption of glucose can be received, the effect of lipid lowering.
2, vegetables and fruits: especially stem and leafy vegetables: including pumpkin, spinach, winter melon, cucumber, bitter gourd, oilseed rape, eggplant, hollow lai, mung bean sprouts, celery and so on. Fruits with stable blood sugar control as a prerequisite (such as: fasting blood sugar 8.o; postprandial 2h blood sugar 10.0) can eat some low sugar fruits, such as pears, strawberries, kiwi, persimmons, apples, watermelon, bananas, etc., the best time to eat fruits between meals. The amount of fruit should not be too much and should replace part of the main food.
3, meat and eggs: lean meat (including poultry and fish and shrimp) eggs, dried soybeans, tofu powder, soy milk, milk, milk powder and so on. Soy foods are not only rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, but also contains a variety of vitamins and minerals, the rational application of the control of blood glucose, blood fat is favorable.
4, fats and oils: diabetics should eat less animal oil, mainly vegetable oil. Vegetable oils include soybean oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, vegetable flour oil and so on. Cooking oil is generally limited to less than 30g per day, so it is advocated to eat more steamed, boiled, mixed, steamed and brined dishes, and frying vegetables with less oil. Ban or eat less fried food and snacks containing high fat such as melon seeds, peanuts, walnuts and so on.
2, diabetic patients to develop recipes
1, the principle of the total daily calorie intake: based on personal eating habits, combined with the patient's condition, age, gender, standard weight, actual weight, height, season, intensity of physical activity, growth and development.
2. Calculation of standard weight and actual weight: standard weight (kg) = height (cm) 105.
Obesity (or wasting) = (actual weight a standard weight)/standard weight × 100% (Note: the actual weight of more than 10% of the standard weight for overweight, more than 20% of the standard weight for obesity, and more than 40% of the standard weight for obesity. (Actual weight less than 10% of standard weight is underweight, less than 20% is emaciation).
3. Nutritional distribution of total calories:
①Carbohydrate intake accounts for 50-60% of total calories.
②Protein intake of 15-20% of the total calories.
③Fat intake is 25~30% of total calories. It is recommended to control the intake of breakfast, lunch and dinner, the intake of the three meals accounted for the proportion of the total intake: 1/5, 2/5, 2/5 or 1/3, 1/3, 1/3.
4, the main points of the meal: timed, a small amount of food, less sparse, more dry, fewer snacks, less meat and more veggies, less meat and more fish, less food and more movement, less oil and more light, less salt and more vinegar, less alcohol and tobacco, more tea, less fruit eaten in small portions.
3, diabetic dietary guidelines
1. To light vegetarian, coarse grains and noodles is better, the diet to keep seven points full. Appropriate increase in food fiber: diabetics appropriate increase in food fiber intake, can reduce postprandial blood glucose, improve glucose tolerance, reduce the amount of insulin and reduce the role of blood lipids; at the same time can slow down the diabetic's hunger; and can stimulate secretion of digestive juices and promote intestinal peristalsis, to prevent the occurrence of constipation. The following foods contain more fiber, can be done as a diabetic often choose to eat food, such as: mung beans, kelp, buckwheat noodles, cornmeal, oatmeal, sorghum rice, spinach, celery, leeks, bean sprouts and so on.
2. Eat less carbohydrate-rich foods, such as white potatoes, potatoes, lotus root, carrots, peas, etc.; easy to make the blood sugar rise in food: white sugar, crystal sugar, brown sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, candied fruit, milk sugar, chocolate, fruit sugar, canned fruit, soda, jam, ice cream, sweet cakes, cakes, and a variety of sweet drinks, oral liquid, juice, etc., should be avoided. Low-sugar foods include leeks, zucchini, winter squash, pumpkin, bok choy, green peppers, bitter melon, onions, eggplant, tomatoes and so on. Can be suitable to eat more.
3. Adhere to a low-fat diet, cooking as much as possible with vegetarian oil, eat less fried food and sweet and salty food. Elevated blood lipids, is an important cause of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Reduce the calories provided by fat intake from 40% to 10%, diabetes will be better controlled. Foods that raise blood lipids are commonly lard, tallow, suet, butter, cream, fatty meats and cholesterol-rich foods....
4. Try not to drink alcohol. Diabetic liver detoxification capacity is poor, drinking alcohol is bound to increase the burden on the liver and cause damage. Excessive drinking is also prone to hyperlipidemia and metabolic disorders. In addition, drinking alcohol will stimulate the pancreas and affect the composition of its secretion fluid. At the same time, alcohol is a high-calorie food, diabetics a little loss of control, can cause the condition to deteriorate.
5. Calcium deficiency can aggravate the condition of diabetics. Therefore, you should eat more calcium-containing foods. Such as kelp, pork ribs, shrimp, sesame paste, soybeans, milk and so on.
6Selenium has the same physiological activity as insulin in regulating glucose metabolism. Selenium-containing foods such as fish, shiitake mushrooms, sesame seeds, garlic, mustard greens, etc. can lower blood sugar and improve the symptoms of diabetes.
7Supplementation of foods rich in vitamin B and vitamin C such as fish, milk, cabbage, beans, as well as bok choy, mustard greens, kale, peppers, fresh dates, etc., is conducive to slowing down the process of diabetic complications, and is beneficial to alleviating diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy.
8Watermelon, apples, kiwi is relatively low in sugar, such fruits can reduce the burden on the patient's pancreas, help it absorb the rich vitamins, minerals and pectin, balanced diet.
4, how to prevent blood sugar rise
(1) eat less at the next meal, remove a snack or switch to foods with a lower glycemic index (GI). Since for overweight people with type 2 diabetes, just getting their weight down by 5 to 10% can significantly improve their blood sugar profile. Therefore, better blood sugar control can be achieved by reducing calorie intake appropriately. The general experience is that a reduction of 15 grams of carbohydrates (approximately equivalent to 50 grams of rice or 30 grams of steamed buns, 150 grams of apples or pears, and 400 milliliters of milk or 300 milliliters of unsweetened yogurt) reduces blood glucose by approximately 1.7 mmol/L.
(2) Increase your activity level or engage in more physical exercise.People with type 2 diabetes generally get better blood glucose control by increasing their exercise. control. Even very simple exercise, such as walking for 20 minutes a day, can be effective in improving insulin resistance and reducing body weight as long as it is adhered to. Studies have confirmed that with reasonable exercise, diabetics can indeed reduce the amount of hypoglycemic medication and even get off medication altogether.
(3) Adjustment of medication (increase the dosage, increase the number of doses, or add another hypoglycemic agent). Although exercise and dietary modifications are economical and have few side effects. Medications do treat high blood sugar faster and more effectively than the first two methods.
(4) Self-relaxation and emotional regulationRelaxation exercises (such as deep breathing, relaxing muscles with relaxing music, etc.) can help relieve stress and make glucose-lowering therapy more effective. Learning to regulate emotions and enhance self-efficacy (people's subjective judgment of whether they can successfully perform a certain behavior), so as to overcome the fear of illness, negativity and other bad state of mind, will also help control blood glucose.
(5) Actively treating other illnesses (e.g., colds, infections, etc.). Problems such as colds and infections can cause an increase in adrenaline in the body, which will lead to an increase in blood sugar.
(6) Increase intake of sugar-free fluids. Dehydration can also cause an increase in blood sugar, and a person (whether diabetic or not) should consume about 2 to 3 liters of unsweetened fluids (water, beverages, soups, etc.) every day. When blood sugar is elevated, drinking water can help to avoid excessive food intake in addition to washing out blood sugar. Patients with heart disease or kidney complications need to limit their fluid intake appropriately, and should consult their doctor or dietitian for specific details. With high blood sugar, the most important strategy is prevention. This is generally possible with good self-monitoring of blood glucose.