catalogue
Causes of hypertension
Treatment of hypertension
Prevention methods of hypertension
Causes of hypertension
1, hereditary hypertension, common in middle-aged and elderly people. Middle-aged and elderly people are prone to hypertension, and more than 40% of them have parents with a history of hypertension; Parents have no hypertension, and the probability of their children suffering from hypertension is only 3%. More than 60% of the elderly people suffer from obvious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, among which the related cardiovascular diseases caused by hypertension account for the vast majority. Every year,1500,000 people in China suffer from stroke due to hypertension.
2. Overweight and obesity are important causes of hypertension. Obesity can not only cause hypertension, but also easily lead to coronary heart disease, cholecystitis, arthritis and many other systemic diseases. Most obese people are sleepy and have a good appetite, which is easy to form a vicious circle. The effective way to lose weight is to take part in regular exercise and control diet properly.
3. People who are emotionally unstable are also prone to hypertension. People who are emotional and nervous, have a bad temper, are always looking forward and backward, are hard to make up their minds after repeated thoughts, are too anxious, engage in mental work and are highly nervous, and are prone to hypertension. If such people suffer from hypertension, the curative effect of drug treatment is often poor.
4. Smoking and long-term drinking are also the main causes of hypertension. Swallowing is the most significant risk factor for hypertension and coronary heart disease. Long-term heavy smoking can increase heart rate and blood pressure. The incidence of cardiovascular accidents and myocardial infarction in smokers with mental stress and type A personality is 2-4 times higher than that in normal people. In addition, in recent years, it has been confirmed that people who drink a lot for a long time, especially those who drink too much and get drunk easily, are often complicated with hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.
5, eating too much salt in the diet is more likely to suffer from hypertension. Northerners are prone to high blood pressure, one of which is related to salty diet. The main component of salt is sodium chloride, which is too salty to eat.
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Treatment of hypertension
(A) the treatment of essential hypertension
1. therapeutic purposes and principles
The main goal of hypertension treatment is to reach the standard of blood pressure, and the ultimate goal of antihypertensive treatment is to minimize the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients with hypertension. The target value of blood pressure control should be established in antihypertensive treatment. On the other hand, hypertension often coexists with other risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia, obesity, diabetes, etc., which synergistically aggravate the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The treatment measures should be comprehensive. Different people have different blood pressure lowering targets. The blood pressure lowering target of general patients is below 140/90mmHg, and it should be lower for high-risk patients with diabetes or nephropathy as appropriate. For all patients, regardless of whether the blood pressure at other time periods is higher than normal, attention should be paid to the monitoring of blood pressure in the morning. Studies have shown that more than half of the patients whose blood pressure in the clinic reaches the standard, their blood pressure in the morning is not up to the standard.
(1) Improve life behavior ① Reduce and control weight. ② Reduce sodium intake. ③ Supplement calcium and potassium salt. ④ Reduce fat intake. ⑤ Increase exercise. 6. Quit smoking and limit drinking. ⑦ Relieve mental stress and maintain psychological balance.
(2) Individualization of blood pressure control standards Due to different etiology, the pathogenesis of hypertension is not the same. Clinical drugs should be treated separately, and the most suitable drugs and doses should be selected to obtain the best curative effect.
(3) Although the blood pressure is controlled in the normal range after multi-cardiovascular risk factors co-control, many risk factors other than elevated blood pressure still have an important impact on the prognosis.
2. Antihypertensive drug therapy
For patients with hypertension, recommended antihypertensive drugs for initial and maintenance treatment should be used, especially those that can be controlled for 24 hours after daily administration 1 time. Specifically, four principles should be followed, namely, starting with a small dose, giving priority to long-acting preparations, combined medication and individualization.
(1) Types of antihypertensive drugs ① Diuretics. ② Beta blockers. ③ Calcium channel blockers. ④ Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. ⑤ Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker.
According to the patient's risk factors, target organ damage and clinical diseases, single drug or combined drug should be selected. The principles for choosing antihypertensive drugs are as follows:
1) Use drugs with a half-life of 24 hours or more, such as amlodipine, which can control blood pressure for 24 hours once a day, so as to avoid iatrogenic early morning blood pressure control caused by improper treatment plan selection;
2) Use drugs that are safe, can persist for a long time and can control every 24-hour blood pressure, so as to improve the treatment compliance of patients;
3) Use drugs with sufficient evidence from clinical trials that can really reduce long-term cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and improve the quality of life of patients with hypertension.
(2) Treatment scheme Most patients without complications or complications can use thiazide diuretics and beta blockers alone or in combination. Treatment should start with a small dose and gradually increase the dose. In clinical practice, cardiovascular risk factors, target organ damage, complications, complications, antihypertensive efficacy, adverse reactions, etc. will affect the choice of antihypertensive drugs. Patients with grade 2 hypertension can be treated with two antihypertensive drugs at the beginning.
(2) Treatment of secondary hypertension
Mainly for the treatment of primary diseases, such as hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma, blood pressure can be reduced to normal after tumor resection; Renal vascular hypertension can dilate renal artery through interventional therapy. For patients whose primary disease cannot be cured by surgery or whose blood pressure is still high after operation, besides other treatments aimed at the cause, appropriate antihypertensive drugs should be selected for antihypertensive treatment.
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Prevention methods of hypertension
1, control heat energy and weight
Obesity is one of the risk factors of hypertension, and the main cause of obesity is excessive calorie intake. Excess heat in the body can be converted into fat and stored under the skin and in various tissues of the body, which leads to obesity. It has been observed that the systolic blood pressure of obese people who are 25 kg above normal weight can be higher than that of normal people 1.33 kPa (10 mm Hg), and the diastolic blood pressure is 0.93 kPa (7 mm Hg). Therefore, controlling heat intake and maintaining ideal weight is one of the important measures to prevent and treat hypertension.
2. Limit salt
Epidemiological investigation has proved that salt intake is positively correlated with the incidence of hypertension, and the incidence of hypertension has increased significantly in areas with large salt sales. Therefore, it is generally advocated that the salt intake of patients with mild hypertension or family history of hypertension should be controlled below 5 grams per day, and the salt intake of patients with high blood pressure or complicated with heart failure should be more strictly limited, and the daily salt consumption should be1~ 2 grams.
3. Control dietary fat
The heat energy ratio of food fat should be controlled at around 25%, and the maximum should not exceed 30%. The quality of fat is more important than its quantity. Animal fat contains high saturated fatty acids, which can increase cholesterol, easily lead to thrombosis and increase the incidence of hypertensive stroke; However, vegetable oils contain higher unsaturated fatty acids, which can prolong platelet aggregation time, inhibit thrombosis, lower blood pressure and prevent stroke. Therefore, vegetable oil should be selected as edible oil, and other foods with low saturated fatty acids and low cholesterol, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, poultry, lean meat and low-fat milk, should also be selected.
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What is the cause of hypertension?
★ What is the cause of hypertension?
★ What are the causes of hypertension?
★ What causes hypertension?
★ What causes hypertension?
★ What causes hypertension?
★ What causes hypertension?
★ What is the cause of hypertension?
★ What is the cause of hypertension?
★ What is the cause of hypertension?
★ Causes of hypertension and preventive measures
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