The bitter bamboo garden south of the Pepper Dock, the slight fragrance of Ran Ran tears trickle.

The sadness of the festival is the same as that of the cold geese, and I can't bear to entrust my heart to the twilight cicadas.

The only thing I can say is that I've never been able to get a good look at the world, and I've never been able to get a good look at the world.

The new garden of Purple Cloud is a place where the flowers are moved, and the frost is not planted near the royal banquet.

This is a poem of chrysanthemums, and Li Shangyin's small poems, due to the expansion of the length, the connotation is also greatly enriched. In this poem, a bunch of swaying wild chrysanthemum, stirred the poet infinite feelings.

The poem begins with: in the bitter bamboo garden south, next to the pepper dock, there is a clump of beautiful wild chrysanthemums, its aroma is slight and far away, flowers on the autumn dew like a trickle of tears. From the meaning, the first sentence points out the wild chrysanthemum growth place, after the sentence depicts the wild chrysanthemum moving demeanor, but if you savor, you can find the poet poured how deep feelings. Bitter bamboo is a kind of bamboo with black spots on the culm sheaths; the dock is a place with four high sides and a concave center. The wild chrysanthemum is growing alone in such a desolate and forgotten corner, surrounded by only bitter bamboo and wild pepper with it. Bamboo bitter, pepper pungent, a metaphor for sadness, not only embellished the environment of the soughing cold, more through the poet's heart of the feelings of sadness. After a sentence with two superimposed sound words, "Ran" refers to slowly, "trickle" like continuous appearance, the wild chrysanthemum's demeanor depicted in a bleak and touching. The wild chrysanthemum is not as fragrant as those precious flowers, and it can't fight with the group of flowers in the bright spring light, but it only slightly radiates its faint fragrance; only those who have the same fate as the wild chrysanthemum will find it and pay attention to it, and the poet is precisely with the empathy, full of deep emotion to pay attention to it. At the same time, the "slight fragrance" is a symbol of the chrysanthemum's noble and uncommon character, and the poet's devotion to it coincides with his own innocence. The chrysanthemums are hung with a little autumn dew, which seems to the poet to be the tears of bitterness, indicating more clearly that the chrysanthemums in the poem are the image of the poet's heart, and that he has injected all of his feelings into the thing, and has become one with it. The wild chrysanthemum has no life, not to mention the tears, this is the poet at the time of the local to see the wild chrysanthemum, touched his own sadness of the world, so that the tears in the poet's heart and the chrysanthemum on the dew corresponding to give birth to the "tears trickle" of the poem. Li Shangyin's poems often have similar depictions, such as "the end of the world" in the poem "the warbler cries as tears, for the wet highest flowers", the joyful warbler cries in the poet's ears as if it is a sad cry, and then think of the tears, which is the role of the poet's inner emotions. The difference is that "the warbler's cry is like tears" is triggered by the sense of hearing, while the tears of wild chrysanthemums in this poem are triggered by the sense of sight, which Qian Zhongshu called "empathy". From this, we can see that only the first two lines show that the poem is not about chrysanthemums, but about expressing inner resentment, and that the chrysanthemums are abandoned in the wild and unnoticed, which is the true reflection of the poet's sinking and wandering, and his bitterness and loneliness.

The second line of the couplet, which follows on from the previous one, not only shows the spirit of the chrysanthemum, but also expresses the feeling of being in the world, which is an evocative line in the aria poem. If the poet in the first two lines of the first line of the description of the wild chrysanthemums into the self-small love, then in these two lines of the poet is almost straight to the heart, so the connotation is deeper, the emotion has reached a ***, become the main theme of the poem. "Festival" refers to the unique things of each season, such as spring peaches, summer lotus, winter plum, etc. can be called festival, here naturally refers to the autumn chrysanthemum, because the chrysanthemum "out of time and do not pick, will be with the autumn grass wither". The "heart" refers to tenderness, here refers to the meaning of flowers. "Cold geese" refers to the autumn geese, the autumn wind, cold, the geese will fly south and follow the trail; "twilight cicadas" refers to the cicadas after the fall, the summer has gone, its song is also mournful, the line will be disappeared; so the cold geese, the twilight cicadas with the reference to the things that will be obsolete. These two lines say: although I have been sad about the scenery of the autumn festival as cold geese will be obsolete and abandoned, but how can I bear to put an inch of my heart in the twilight cicadas in the lament? From the surface meaning, the poet sees that the wild chrysanthemum will disappear at any time and sad, but not willing to this piece of flower love is over, and further expresses his love and pity for the wild chrysanthemum. However, from the deeper meaning to analyze, the poet more understandably show a kind of sadness of the world, alluding to their own detained and unsupported, lonely and abandoned destiny, and expressed the attitude of not willing to sink. The meaning of these two lines contains a twist, the previous sentence is the self abandoned lonely career of pity, this mood in many of Li Shangyin's poems are reflected. He also loved plum blossoms and wrote several poems on plum blossoms, in which he used plum blossoms as an allusion to himself, such as "For whom to become an early show, not waiting to be a yearly fragrance?" ("Seeing Plum Blossoms at Fufeng Boundary in Mid-November") "Plum blossoms are the most hateful, long as last year's flowers." ("Memory of Plum") the poet lamented the plum blossom "early show", and even resent it first spring and open, "long as last year's flowers". And when spring returns to the earth, when all the flowers compete, it has long been withered and withered, quietly buried under the soil, can not enjoy this great springtime, can not be in the world of thousands of purple and red to show their own gallantry and compete with the group of flowers. In fact, what the poet conveys is his own "early show" and "do not wait for the annual fragrance" of the fate of the grief and pity, with the "already sad festival with the cold geese," the message is the same lineage. The difference is that in this poem, although the author of self-pity, but not self-discouragement; although disappointment, but also hold a trace of hope, hoping that their fate can have a turnaround, can be in the "good spring" in the performance of talent, to realize their ambitions, which is "bear to entrust the heart of the twilight cicadas" implies the true meaning. This is the true meaning of the phrase Cheng Mengxing said that these two lines of the second couplet are in line with the meaning of the poem "Li Sao" (离骚), which is reasonable, and He Zhuo said that this poem is "not discouraged by the words of abandonment", which is even more profoundly true to its purpose.

Then the poet's feelings were overwhelming. The feelings of self-pity and unwillingness to sink drove him to gallop in the world of association, unfolding the last two lines of the poem. The third couplet is triggered by the scene here and now, thinking of the unforgettable scenes of that year. These two lines are inverted syntactically, and should be read as: "When this evening comes, I come alone on the fine road; and when I save my life, I am accompanied by a clear bottle." The meaning is: at the end of the day, I came alone to look for chrysanthemums on the secluded path; I recalled the days when I drank wine and enjoyed chrysanthemums with my friends. Here, the first sentence writes about today's loneliness, and the second sentence remembers the happiness of the past, forming a sharp contrast. "Fine", "alone", "sunset" three words will be cold and soughing, twilight environment and the poet's loneliness, loneliness, frustrated attitude on the performance of a very taste. The next sentence a "province" word is very subtle, the original meaning is "wake up", here can be interpreted as "suddenly remembered", the poet in the twilight of the day when the lonely face to a swaying bush of wild chrysanthemums, suddenly remembered that the year was also this time of the year. When the poet was alone at the end of the day facing a swaying bush of wild chrysanthemums, he suddenly remembered that it was the same time of the year when he was also enjoying the chrysanthemums, but instead of being alone, he was inviting his friends to drink and be merry with him, which is a very different situation! Li Shangyin's "Supplement to Fannan's Collected Works" has "On Chu Qi", which says, "On the snowy night of Ju Pavilion, Meng Goblet Qu gives him joy", describing the scene of drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums with his superior and friend, Linghu Chu, and so on, and the sentence of "clearing the bottles" may refer to these past events. Linghu Chu had a very prominent position in the dynasty, and was the prime minister during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. Li Shangyin lost his father when he was young, and his family was poor, so he was lucky to have a cousin's uncle to guide him to study, but when he died in the third year of the Dahuo era, he had to quit his studies in order to advance in his career. At that time, Li Shangyin was appointed as Tianping army (Yuncheng) section minister, hired Li Shangyin to do the inspector, and because of his young handsome, "strange its text", quite polite, and specially let him and his son, Rope border, and so on to socialize. Li Shangyin was grateful for the favor he received from Linghu Chu, and formed a bond with his family.

The last line of the poet will be associated with the continuation of the thoughts in space, thinking of the Palace of the Royal Court of the removal of flowers, chrysanthemums for the injustice, and to send their own resentment. The poem says, "In the newly built Ziyunyuan in the palace, a lot of flowers and trees have been moved, but there is no chrysanthemum which is proud of the frost. The word "feast" originally refers to the ancient seating furniture, also refers to the banquet, in the poem to take the meaning of the meaning can not be constrained, "the imperial feast" when the general refers to the palace in the imperial court. The meaning of the poem is very clear, so noble and uncommon chrysanthemums, the imperial garden can not get a place, the poet is naturally indignant for the chrysanthemums. However, the chrysanthemum is the image of the poet's heart, the chrysanthemum's character, encounter is exactly the poet's character, the reflection of the world, the meaning of its trust is also very clear. The poet's talent, high moral character, but not for the power and nobility, the poor career, no dependence, not "close to the imperial banquet". So this is the poet borrowed the chrysanthemum of the imperial banquet, a metaphor for their own can not pass the dynasty, in order to give vent to the chest of indignation and injustice. Of course, there is also a complaint here that Linghu refused to help, at that time, Linghu was moving to a rope border, just like the newly moved "flower" in the imperial court. Rope Rope was not as politically active as his father's, and he was good at pandering to the upper level to gain favor, while the lower level was "jealous of those who are better than himself", and had a bad track record of obscuring the virtuous and harming the capable. On the surface, he maintained a long-term relationship with Li Shangyin, but inwardly he had a deep-seated grudge, which he intentionally or unintentionally suppressed. Li Shangyin naturally hoped to present his case to Linghu R綯 through this poem, hoping that he would recommend him. Therefore, Cheng Mengxing and He Zhuo pointed out that this poem has the same meaning as another poem of Li Shangyin, "Nine Days". In that poem, the author also used the story of drinking wine and enjoying chrysanthemums as a starting point, and recounted the different attitudes of Linghu's father and son towards him, "regretting his son and feeling sorry for his father," with an outpouring of gratitude and resentment, so much so that Linghu felt ashamed to see the poem in Rope Rope. Of course, it is worth noting that the poem is, after all, a work of art, can not be verified in every sentence, too solid, to affect our appreciation of the art of poetry.

Looking at the poem as a whole, the title "Wild Chrysanthemum" refers to the hardship of being in the field, while "Purple Cloud" is a metaphor for being happy in the imperial court. The division of the field is self-evident, it is the poet "gentleman in the field", hoping to get into the court of the true meaning of the word.