Catalog
1. Habitat
2. Morphological Characteristics
3. Distribution
4. Planting Techniques
5. Tips for Buying and Sourcing
6. Nutritional Values
Habitat
The raisin is native to the U.S. state of California, where it has an annual average temperature of 18 degrees Celsius or more. But China's Fuzhou, Fujian and Qingdao, Shandong have been introduced successfully, indicating that the temperature in most parts of China is adapted to the growth of raisin. Soil according to relevant information, hillside and flat land can be planted. Aerobic, well-drained sandy loam is the most suitable.
Moisture budding and flowering period, humidity is too high, easy to develop; fruit expansion period, the need for water increased; fruit ripening period, the requirements of low humidity. Raisin's vine is afraid of the wind, when the wind is easy to make the trellis collapse, so choose a place to avoid the wind. Light like light avoid shade. Insufficient light, branch and vine growth is weak, leaf color is light, affecting flower bud differentiation and results. However, in the fruit expansion period of strong light, to occur sunburn, should be prevented.
Morphological features
Stem stout, the plant is glabrous or young branches are pubescent. Leaves simple and alternate; petiole 4-5cm long, gradually becoming shorter upwards; leaf blade papery, cordate-ovate or cordate, ca. 3.5-8cm long and wide, apex acuminate, base subcordate or truncate, margin crenate with small cusps, undivided or inconspicuously 3-lobed, glabrous above, light green below, veins minutely pubescent; basal veins 3, lateral pairs often divergent, e.g. 5 basal veins.
Flowers bisexual, in dichasial cymes opposite the leaves, usually shorter than the leaves, total pedicel 2.5-3.5cm long; calyx 5, slightly dehiscent; petals 5, separate, oblong, apex inwardly curved, gradually falling off as the flower opens; stamens 5; disk conspicuous, united with the ovary; ovary 2-loculed, style short and slender, terete.
Berry small, globose, ca. 5 mm in diam. and purple-blue when ripe. Flowering April-August, fruiting July-November.
Distribution range
Native to California, USA, the producing areas in China are mainly located in: Weinan in Shaanxi, Linfen in Shanxi, Xinjiang, Zhuolu in Hebei, Huailai in Hebei, Northeast China, Yunnan, Gansu, Ningxia, the old Yellow River Road, Changli, Jiaodong Peninsula, Baoying in Jiangsu, and Shenyang.
Planting method
Select the leveled land with good transportation condition, fertile land, windy and sunny, sufficient light, convenient irrigation to build up the garden.
Planting
1⒈ full base fertilizer: 80cmx80cm dug a good planting ditch, farmyard manure, green manure, pig and cow dung and other organic fertilizers according to 5000kg/667 square meters into the bottom of the ditch, backfill a layer of loose soil, and then 100kg/667 square meters of ternary composite fertilizer or fruit composite fertilizers can also be applied to every 667 square meters of ammonium bicarbonate 50kq, calcium superphosphate 100kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, mix the soil and fertilizer evenly, and then fill the ditch with the excavated cooked soil, and slightly above the ground.
2. Selection of seedlings: Select rooted seedlings that have cultivated healing tissues (or have rooted) and full bud eyes (or have sprouted) in the rooting seedbed, and protect the roots of the seedlings with a wet cloth or wet saw foam to prevent dehydration or wind drying.
3. Reasonable dense planting: According to the degree of land fertility and fertilizer management, make full use of land resources. Take the single stand as an example, the general planting specifications for the row spacing 3m1m or 2m1m, respectively, 222 and 333 plants.
4. Transplantation time and method: Transplantation time is generally more appropriate before and after the Qingming transplantation.
Transplantation method: in the planting ditch at the center of the two ends of the tie a positioning line, with a length of 20cm or so of bamboo, close to the positioning line in accordance with the planting specifications while digging holes transplantation, transplantation will be placed on the sunny side of the buds, seedling nodes longer can be planted diagonally close to the positioning line, watering the root of the full water, the whole planting ditch with a large 90cm film cover, and half-dry and wet with a fine soil to seal the film mouth.
Buying tips
1, the appearance of redti
First of all, you have to pick the outer skin neat, no scars, cracked redti. Pick as much as possible to smooth, neat mainly. If the outer skin has small cracks, it is not recommended to pick.
2, red color
Red color and its name is very consistent, generally red, there is also a deep red. If you like to eat sweet friends can pick the dark red, if you do not feel mouth, or too sweet, you can then try the red.
3, the size of the red grapes
Red grapes are larger than grapes. When you are selecting, the main focus is on the big ones. Bigger red grapes have more water and are sweeter.
4, mention the freshness
Freshness has always been the key to the fruit. We can look at the red grape connected to the branches of the place is not very strong. Usually long time redti, pick up because not tight and fall down the grain.
5, the hardness of redti
The biggest difference between redti is that it has a crunchy feeling. If you like to eat crunchy friends, you can pick the harder red grapes. Do not like to eat crunchy, then you do not have to pick too hard, slightly hard is very delicious.
6, red surface frost
Generally just opened the box of red above there will be a layer of frost. Frosted red grapes are generally very crisp and sweet. In the cleaning time to pay attention to more washing, the frost are thoroughly clean.
Nutritional value
1, anti-anemia
Red grapes contain anti-pernicious anemia with vitamin B12, especially with the skin of the red grapes made of red grape fermentation red wine, per liter contains about vitamin B12, 12 ~ 15 mg. Therefore, often drink red wine, beneficial to the treatment of pernicious anemia.
2, reduce gastric acid choleretic
Modern pharmacological research has proved that the red grapes also contain vitamin P, 15 grams of red grape seed oil orally to reduce the toxicity of gastric acid, 12 grams orally to achieve the role of the choleretic, and thus the red grapes seed oil can be an effective treatment of gastritis, enteritis and vomiting.
3, anti-cancer
Red grapes contain a compound called resveratrol, which can prevent normal cells from becoming cancerous, and can inhibit the spread of malignant cells, has a strong anti-cancer function.
4, anti-atherosclerosis
Related studies have found that red wine in the plasma to increase high-density lipoprotein at the same time, can reduce the content of low-density lipoprotein. Low-density lipoprotein can cause atherosclerosis, but high density lipoprotein not only does not cause atherosclerosis, there are anti-atherosclerosis effect. Therefore, eating red grapes and drinking red wine can effectively reduce the death caused by coronary heart disease. At the same time, the potassium content of red grapes is also relatively high, can effectively help the body to accumulate calcium, promote kidney function, regulate the number of heart beats.
5, diuretic swelling and fetal
According to China's ancient famous medical doctor Li Shizhen records, red grapes of the roots, vines, leaves, etc. have a very good diuretic, fetal, swelling effect, can effectively treat the pregnancy malignant obstruction, vomiting, swelling and other diseases.
6, tonic and excitatory cerebral nerves
Red grapes fruit, organic acids, glucose, amino acids, vitamins are very rich in food can be tonic and excitatory cerebral nerves, the treatment of neurasthenia and eliminate fatigue also has a certain effect.
7, anti-virus kill bacteria
Red grapes contain natural polymerization of phenol, the component can be synthesized with viruses or bacteria in the proteins, so that the loss of the ability to infect disease, especially for hepatitis viruses, polio viruses and other viruses have a very good effect on killing.
8, delayed aging
The sugar in red grapes is mainly glucose, which can be quickly absorbed by the body. When the human body appears low blood sugar, if you drink grape juice in time, you can quickly make the symptoms ease. In addition, the flavonoids contained in red grapes are also a powerful antioxidant, anti-aging.
9, alcohol
Red grape juice on the human body has a lot of health effects, drinking before meals and after drinking can play a role in alcohol, often eat can remove free radicals in the body to prevent platelet coagulation, to prevent the body of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, anti-tumor and so on a variety of roles.