Question 1: How to prune hazelnuts in three years and how to thin seedlings (1). In the first year: planting and fixing stems is the first step of plastic surgery. The height of the stem is 40-60 cm. Generally, after planting in April-May, branches will grow two months later. When the number of branches exceeds 4, the branches with elongation, branching and poor growth should be cut off, and the number of branches should not exceed 4. Generally at the beginning of August, due to the high ground temperature, sufficient water, rich nutrition and obviously long branches. At this time, measures such as twisting branches, light cutting and spraying chlormequat can be taken to inhibit excessive growth, make branches full and strong, and be beneficial to flower bud differentiation.

(2) In the second year (biennial tree): generally in February-March, cut off one third of the main branches (that is, the branches developed from the above 3-4 full buds) that grew in the previous year (according to the specific situation, some branches are short, so it is enough to cut off the top). Pay attention to keeping full buds that can send out new side branches at a certain distance after cutting. At the beginning of August every year, measures such as twisting branches, light cutting and spraying chlormequat are also taken to restrain the long and floating branches, so that the branches are full and stout, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation.

(3) Third year (three-year-old tree): Select 2-3 lateral branches on each main branch and cut off the redundant lateral branches. Light-cut the extended branches of these lateral branches and main branches, leaving external buds, but the short branches in the inner room do not need pruning.

Question 2: How to prune hazelnuts?

(1) Purpose

Hazelnut trees, like other fruit trees, must be pruned according to their own growth and development characteristics to form a reasonable skeleton. Balance the tree potential, expand the crown as soon as possible, adjust the relationship between growth and fruiting, and achieve the goal of early fruiting and high yield.

(2) Method

1. Plastic Surgery

The natural tree shape of hazelnut, whether it is European hazelnut or flat-European hybrid hazelnut, is a tall shrub, and the height of the tree can reach 5 ~ 8m, but the height of cultivated hazelnut should generally be controlled within 3 ~ 5m m. At present, there are three kinds of cultivated trees used in hazelnut production: few stems, single stems and many stems.

(1) 3-4 basic branches of less dry leaves are the main branches, which extend obliquely in different directions. The main branch bears lateral branches, which bear vegetative branches and fruiting mother branches. The whole tree forms a natural happiness tree with a height of 3 ~ 5m. Trunk pruning procedure: the first year: planting 1 year-old seedlings, the seedlings themselves often do not have three basic branches, so the trunk should be pruned again, leaving about 20cm of stem to promote the germination of basic branches, and the main branches should be selected in the second year.

In the second year: select 3 ~ 4 basic branches in different directions as main branches, lightly cut short, leave 2/3 branches, leave full buds and lateral buds at the cut, and cut the rest from the base.

The third year: lightly cut the selected main branches and lengthen the branches. Choose 2 ~ 3 lateral branches for each main branch, and lightly cut the short branches. Shape compensation heart-shaped crown, the main branch from the ground to 40cm high branches are cut off from the base. Pay attention to remove sprouted branches in time.

The fourth year: continue to cut the extended branches of the main side branches at all levels, and pay attention to cutting the branches and sprouting branches below 40cm. Make the crown continue to expand, and the crown has basically formed.

(2) Single trunk shape (Figure 6-2) This tree should keep the trunk with a height of 40~60cm, select 3 ~ 4 evenly distributed main branches on the trunk, and select side branches on the main branches, including side branches and fruiting mother branches. Form a short trunk with a natural happy crown at the top. Simple trunk shaping and pruning procedures.

First year: plant 1 year-old seedlings, immediately fix the trunk after planting, with the height of 60 ~ 70 cm, and keep the trunk height of 40 ~ 60~70cm, and the trunk should be vertical.

The second year: select 3 ~ 4 main branches in different directions on the trunk, lightly cut each main branch, about 1/3 of the branch length, and cut off and leave full lateral buds.

In the third year, select 2 ~ 3 lateral branches on each main branch, lightly cut the extended branches of each main branch, cut off the outer buds, and do not cut off the short branches in the inner cavity.

The fourth year: the extension branches of the main branches and side branches will continue to become lighter and shorter, and the crown will basically form.

(3) Multi-stem cluster This crown shape is to select 5-8 basic branches as the main branches, and the rest are cut off from the base. If the number of basic branches is less than the number of main branches, you can choose from sprouting branches. After selecting the main branch, cultivate the mother branch and the vegetative branch. This kind of tree has too many main branches and unreasonable nutrient distribution, so it is rarely used now.

prune

(1) pruning cycle

① Winter pruning: that is, dormant period. The northern part of China is generally dry in winter, with little rain and snow, and pruned before germination in spring. Liaoning is pruned in March.

(2) Summer pruning: that is, the growing season, which is particularly important for regulating the rational distribution of nutrients.

(2) Pruning method

① Different varieties of hazel trees have different crown opening degrees, which can be adjusted by pruning measures. For hazel trees with upright crown, side branches should be set aside to make them open at a certain angle. If the crown of the tree is too open, you should leave upright branches to narrow the opening angle. In short, keep the crown opening angle appropriate.

② Pruning measures of hazel trees with different ages are different. Generally, young trees that do not bear fruit and those that bear fruit early are mainly crown expansion. Lightly shorten the extension branches of each main side branch, and cut off 1/3 of its length, and pay attention to adjusting the opening angle. For the extended branches that are too long, they should be moderately cut short to prevent the phenomenon of "polished rod" at the lower part. Branchlets in the lumen are not cut.

In the full fruit stage, the extended branches of each main branch should be lightly cut, and the length of 1/3 or 1/2 should be cut to promote the emergence of new branches. For the twigs in the crown, all short branches are not cut except weak branches, pests and diseases branches and spreading branches, and are reserved as fruiting mother branches. In order to increase the number of flower buds and increase the yield, only the extended branches of the main side branches are lightly pruned without pruning the short and medium branches. On the contrary, in order to promote the growth of robust branches and restore tree vigor, developing branches should be pruned again and some moderate branches should be pruned to reduce the flowering amount.

Old trees are renewed. Hazelnut 10 enters the full fruit stage, which generally lasts for 20 ~ 30 years. In order to prolong its economic life, attention should be paid to updating and pruning in time, that is, ... > >

Question 3: Why don't 7-year-old hazelnut trees blossom and bear fruit on the 1 ~ 2-year-old branches sprouting from the roots, and the old branches generally don't blossom.

Question 4: How many Jin of hazelnuts can you harvest per mu? Different varieties of hazelnuts are different:

1. The yield of wild Corylus heterophylla in Northeast China is 50-70kg per mu.

2. European hazelnut (American hazelnut) is actually produced in "Turkey", with an yield of 400-600 kg per mu, but the taste is slightly poor.

3. The yield of flat-furrow hybrid hazelnut is about 500- 1000 kg, which is slightly inferior to that of wild hazelnut, but far better than that of American hazelnut in the market.