Distribution pattern of major agricultural products in China: 1. Market situation of major agricultural products 1, and corn planting area has increased significantly. In 2002, the national corn planting area was 24.5 million hectares, increasing by 1.42% compared with last year, and the output reached 654.38+25 million tons, increasing by1/10,000 tons compared with last year, with an increase of 9. Together with the original stock of 30 million tons, the import volume is about 6.5438+0.5 million tons, and the total domestic corn supply reaches 654.38+0.56 billion tons. After deducting the domestic average annual corn consumption of 654.38+0./kloc-0.50 billion tons and corn export of 654.38+0.00 million tons, there will still be a backlog of 365.438+0.00 million tons of corn in China. This year, the total output of corn in Northeast China reached 44 million tons, 7 million tons more than last year, an increase of 18.9%. The oversupply is more obvious, the backlog of corn is serious and the sales are not smooth. At present, the backlog of corn in China is 31000000 tons, of which 80% is in Northeast China, 0/00000 tons in Heilongjiang Province and 0/50000 tons in our province. After the new grain comes on the market today, the corn stock will increase. In addition to the large planting area and increased yield, the main reasons are that the number of corn processing and transformation is small, the sales are not smooth, the protective price of corn is reduced, and the benefits are reduced. The purchase policy of corn in the main producing areas of Northeast China was introduced, and the protective price of standard corn products in our province (second-class, moisture 14%) was 0.43 yuan/month. Farmers sell ordinary corn at a low price according to natural water. However, the special corn market is promising, and all localities should determine the planting area according to the order. 2. Soybean The soybean planting area in China this year is 9183,000 hectares, 3% less than last year. Due to the increase in output per unit area, the total output was 6,543.8+06.9 million tons, 2 million tons more than last year, with an increase of 654.38+03.4%. The annual consumption of soybean in China is about 276,654.38+0 million tons, with a gap of 654.38. China imported about/kloc-0.039 million tons of soybeans and 369,000 tons of soybean oil this year. Heilongjiang province is the main soybean producing area in China, and its annual output accounts for one third of the national total output. The transportation capacity of Heilongjiang is very tight this year. Railways give priority to the transportation of bulk commodities such as coal and timber, while the transportation of soybeans lags behind. The soybean processing capacity in Heilongjiang Province is expanding continuously. The annual soybean processing capacity of Jiusan Oil Group alone is 2 million tons, which is equivalent to 36% of the annual soybean production in Heilongjiang Province. In the first three quarters of this year, China imported 76 1 10,000 tons of soybeans, down 3 1.8% year-on-year. The cumulative export of soybeans was 237,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 40%. Mainly exported to neighboring countries such as Japan and South Korea, especially Japan is very fond of China's non-GMO soybeans. At the same time, soybean meal exports increased and imports decreased. Due to the great attraction of China's export soybean meal tax rebate policy, the export volume of soybean meal has expanded. In the first three quarters of this year, China exported 839,000 tons of soybean meal, a year-on-year increase of 7.2 times. Based on the above reasons, the soybean market is obviously optimistic. At present, the purchase price of soybeans in Heilongjiang Province is 0.95 yuan-1.05 yuan/kg, up more than 10% year-on-year. 3. Rice In 2002, China's rice planting area was 28.442 million hectares, a decrease of 465.438+0% compared with the previous year, and the output was 65.438+0.8 billion tons, a decrease of 350,000 tons compared with the previous year. The stock is about 40 million tons, the total import volume is 205,000 tons, and the total domestic rice supply is about 220 million tons. Subtracting the total export volume of 6.5438+0.6 million tons, the total domestic rice consumption is 65.438+0.3 billion tons, and the domestic surplus rice is 88.4 million tons, which exceeds the demand. At present, domestic rice prices have fallen. The protective price of standard rice products in our province (second class, 14.5 block of water) is 0.54 yuan/kg, that of standard rice products in Liaoning province (third class, 14.5 block of water) is 0.55 yuan/kg, and that of standard rice products in Heilongjiang province (third class, 14.5 block); Water) protection price acquisition; Tick O. 53 yuan/kg. 1 1 month, the delivery price of new ordinary rice in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province is 1580- 1600 yuan/ton, which is lower than 1 at the end of the period 10-20 yuan/ton, and the average transaction price of rice in the wholesale market of Jilin Grain Center is/kloc. However, rice exports increased and imports decreased. According to customs statistics, from June 5438+0 to June 5438+0, China exported rice 1.52 million tons, up 4.8% year-on-year, and imported rice 1.7 million tons, down/.4% year-on-year. According to the prediction of relevant parties, due to the increase in rice exports and the decrease in imports, this market situation is likely to make rice prices rise steadily, but the increase will not be too great. In 2002, the planting area, output and sales price of sorghum in the four northeastern provinces were basically the same as those in the previous year. The purchase price of sorghum is 0.3 1 yuan/kg. Sorghum is mainly used for making wine. The annual output value of Heilongjiang Beidahuang Brewing Group, Inner Mongolia Ningcheng Laojiao Brewing Group and Mongolia Wang Brewing Group is above 1 100 million yuan, but the sorghum consumption of these three enterprises is not large, only 300- 1000 tons per year. These raw materials mainly produce alcoholic liquor, and most of the brewing raw materials are purchased and blended from Sichuan, and each enterprise transfers more than 5,000 tons of liquor base from Sichuan every year for production. The sorghum produced in Northeast China is mainly sold to liquor groups in Sichuan, Hunan and Anhui. At present, the export volume of China liquor is very small, the domestic market is basically saturated, and sorghum consumption is basically stable. 5. Wheat In 2002, due to the severe drought, the global wheat production was greatly reduced. Major wheat producing countries such as Canada, the United States and Australia reduced production by about 20 million tons. The wheat output in the United States is only 45 million tons, which is 1. 1% lower than last year, the lowest level in the past 30 years. The total output of wheat in China is 87.8 million tons, with a decrease of 6.5%, which is the fifth year since 1998. The annual consumption of wheat in China is about1.1.60 million tons, and the gap is expected to be about 25 million tons next year. Wheat is in short supply and the price is rising. At present, the average price of ordinary wheat is stable at 1080 yuan/ton, and the average price of high-quality wheat is around 1 150 yuan/ton. The price per ton of high-quality wheat is higher than that of ordinary wheat, 70 yuan. 6. Mung bean is the main product of mung bean in China; The region is in the west of our province, Qiqihar in Heilongjiang, Tongliao and Chifeng in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Henan. Because the market price of mung beans has been falling year after year, the planting area in the main mung bean producing areas has decreased this year. Our city alone is 40% less than last year. At present, the purchase price of mung beans in our city is generally 1.27- 1.28 yuan/kg, and there is a downward trend. The main reason for the drop in mung bean prices is that China's mung beans are mainly exported to Japan, South Korea, India and Pakistan, but the quality of mung beans produced in China is not good, and the demand countries are pushing down the price. At present, the delivery price of mung beans exported by Dalian to India and Pakistan is only about 1.35 yuan/kg, and the delivery price of hand-selected or selected mung beans exported by Dalian to Japan is about 1.75 yuan/kg. According to the forecast of Dalian mung bean export dealers, the price of mung beans may pick up next year, but the increase will not be too big. 7. Sunflowers In recent years, the edible sunflower market has been promising, and the price has remained above 1.30 yuan/kg, mainly because more and more people eat sunflowers, and the domestic and international consumer demand has increased. This year, the price of sunflower oil also rose from 0.60 yuan/kg to 0.85-0.90 yuan/kg. The price of sunflower seed oil rebounded, mainly because the market prospect of sunflower seed salad oil is promising. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in sunflower salad oil is as high as 70%. Long-term consumption can reduce cholesterol and prevent arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. At the same time, sunflower salad oil contains vitamin E oil-soluble substances, which can beauty beauty and prolong life. In France, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, the consumption of sunflower seed salad oil accounts for 65% of the total edible oil. Oil sunflower is not only used to produce sunflower seed salad oil, but also used to process sunflower seed kernel. There are more than 30 sunflower seed processing plants in Jiutai City, all of which are small oil sunflower, with an annual labor force of more than 65,438+10,000 tons. Products are exported to Japan, South Korea and Western Europe. Raw materials mainly come from Nong 'an, Changling and Daan. At present, buy small oil sunflower ex-factory (slightly white; Black stripe) 0.98- 1.00 yuan/kg. The above situation shows that the market prospect of sunflower is considerable whether it is edible or oil. According to FAO's forecast, the world sugar output will reach 65.438+0.4 billion tons in 2002-2003, an increase of 4.4 million tons over the previous year. Brazil, the world's largest sugar producer, has a record sugar output of 265,438+620,000 tons. Other major producers have also increased their sugar production to varying degrees, with the output exceeding the demand by 5.8 million tons and the inventory rate as high as 43%. It is expected that the international sugar price will fluctuate lower in the future. At present, the sugar industry in China is also depressed, especially the major sugar factories in Northeast China have mostly stopped production, and some are on the verge of bankruptcy. For example, Jilin Sugar Co., Ltd., a large beet processing enterprise, and Qiqihar Sugar Factory in Heilongjiang Province went bankrupt one after another. The demand of sugar enterprises for sugar beet will be obviously reduced. 9. Ricinus communis The main producers of Ricinus communis in the world are India, China and Brazil, accounting for 96% of the world's total output. Castor planting in Northeast China is mainly distributed in Baicheng, Songyuan in our province and Tongliao in Inner Mongolia. In recent two years, due to the large area of castor, oversupply and low price, the planting area of castor has generally decreased this year. The planting area of castor in our city alone decreased from 6,543.8+0.35 million mu in 2000 to 6,654.38+0.00 million mu, a decrease of 55%. Due to the general reduction of castor planting area in various places, coupled with the serious "autumn hanging" this year and the low yield of castor, the price of castor has risen sharply this year. Tongliao Tonghua Ricinus Chemical Group's purchase price of Ricinus communis has increased from 1.24 yuan/kg to 1.60 yuan/kg. Farmers in many places are used to running with last year's market situation, preparing to expand the planting area of castor next year. Experts believe that we can't blindly expand. 10, Pepper Our city has a history of growing peppers for many years. Last year, the pepper planting area was180,000 mu, and the output was 40,000 tons. About. Mainly exported to Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries, as well as Shandong, Liaoning, Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Guangdong, Hunan and Hubei in China. The purchase price of Jinta is 3.50-3.70 yuan/kg, Yiduhong is 3.00 yuan/kg and local pepper is 2.20-2.30 yuan/kg, which is the highest price in recent years. The main reason is that South Korea was hit by a typhoon last year, and the production of peppers was reduced in a large area, which made the price of peppers in the international market rise. This year, the pepper planting area in our city reached 400,000 mu, more than double that of last year. The price of pepper dropped significantly this year: Yiduhong purchase price 1.00— 1.20 yuan/kg. However, the price of high-quality peppers declined slightly, and the purchase price of Jinta peppers was 2.50-3.00 yuan/kg, which was in short supply. This year, taonan city North Pepper Company signed a supply contract with South Korea for 2000 tons of Jinta Pepper, but it can only supply about 1 1500 tons. The reason why the price of Jinta pepper is higher than that of other peppers, which is in short supply, is mainly because Jinta pepper is of good quality, ruddy color, tender fiber, moderate spicy taste and high oil content, and is favored by foreign businessmen. According to experts' prediction, the market of improved varieties and peppers will be better next year. 1 1, sesame It is understood that in recent years, the demand for sesame seeds in the international market is strong, and China exports more than 654.38+million tons of sesame seeds every year, mainly to South Korea and Japan. Japan's sesame consumption ranks first in the world, with an annual consumption of 6.5438+0.5 million tons, while Japan's sesame annual output is only about 654.38+0.000 tons, and the rest is all imported. Japanese regard sesame oil as high-grade oil, and think that sesame oil is beneficial to human health and has health care function. The main sesame producing areas in China are Xiangfan, Hubei, Zhumadian, Henan and Buyang, Anhui, accounting for more than half of the country's output. This year, the purchase price of sesame has increased from 1.80 yuan/kg in September to 2.60 yuan/kg at present, and the market situation and economic benefits are very good. 12, Japanese radish In recent years, with the change of people's eating habits, the demand for radish strips is increasing. There are 600 tons of radish strips in Changsha radish strip wholesale market every day, of which 10% is sold to Japan, South Korea and other countries, and 90% is sold to China. The producing areas are mainly concentrated in Xingcheng, Suizhong, Qinhuangdao and other places in Hebei Province, and there are also large areas of cultivation in Yunnan Province. However, due to climatic reasons, the quality of radish strips in Yunnan is worse than that in Liaoning. Japanese radish strips in our city were first planted in Xiangyang Township, taonan city, but the area was not large, and most of the buyers were from Liaoning. This year, the Vegetable Bureau of Taobei District signed a 500-mu planting contract with merchants in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province. The merchants provided seeds and paid the purchase deposit in advance. This year, the 500-mu planting contract was fully fulfilled, and the purchase price was 1.20- 1.60 yuan/kg. Farmers' net income per mu is about 65,438+0,000 yuan, and the economic benefits are considerable. The reason why merchants choose Baicheng as the planting base is because our city has good light, large temperature difference between day and night and dry climate, which is suitable for Japanese radish growth. And it can be harvested one month ahead of other producing areas. At this time, the market is in short supply and can be sold at a good price. Next year, Xingcheng merchants are going to plant Japanese radish in a large area in our city, which is expected to reach 5000- 10000 mu, and all of them will be recycled. 13, Peanut Peanut is one of the four major oil crops in China, and its planting area is second only to oil, with a total output of110.9 million tons, accounting for about 50% of the total oil output, ranking first. In 2002, the world peanut output reached 23.9 million tons, an increase of 65438+200,000 tons over the previous year. China's output ranks first in the world, and peanut planting areas are mainly concentrated in North China Plain, Bohai Bay Coast, South China Coast and Sichuan. Shandong is the largest peanut province in China, with a planting area of more than 830,000 hectares and a total output of more than 3.3 million tons, accounting for 20% and 28% of the country respectively. Peanut production in Henan Province has developed rapidly in recent years, with a planting area of nearly 800,000 hectares and a yield of more than 2.6 million tons. It is one of the two provinces with peanut planting area exceeding 700,000 hectares in China. About half of the peanuts produced in China are used for oil extraction, 1/3 for self-sufficiency, and 8% are exported, mainly to Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia and Western Europe. At present, the average price of peanuts in Shandong province is 2800 yuan/ton; The commodity price is 3,600 yuan/ton; Ordinary Baisha people. The price is 4000 yuan/ton; The average price of graded Baisha kernel is 4300 yuan/ton, up 5.4%, 5.6% and 2.5% respectively. 5% and 3.5%. The increase in peanut prices is mainly due to the large demand at home and abroad. The price of flowers and raw materials in China is 34% lower than that in the international market. The EU officially lifted the particularly strict inspection on China's peanut export and its products, and resumed routine entry spot checks, which brought new opportunities for China's peanut export. 14, buckwheat buckwheat is divided into sweet buckwheat and bitter wheat. World Buckwheat: The main producers are Russian, China, Polish, Brazilian, Canadian and American. China is a big buckwheat producer. According to incomplete statistics, the planting area of buckwheat in 20 provinces and regions in China is 720,000 hectares, with a total output of 50,000 tons. Buckwheat is widely planted in China, but its yield is relatively concentrated. Sweet buckwheat is mainly planted in North China, Northwest China and Northeast China, and bitter buckwheat is mainly planted in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in the southwest. Buckwheat production in northwest China accounts for more than half of the total domestic output. Buckwheat is richer in protein, sugar, fat and cellulose than ordinary wheat, and contains a large number of special components such as chlorophyll, rutin and nicotinic acid, which has incomparable health care functions for other cereals. With people's understanding of buckwheat, the demand for buckwheat in the world is on the rise. In particular, Japan is a big consumer of buckwheat, with an annual demand of more than 1 10000 tons, while the domestic production of buckwheat in Japan is only about 20,000 tons, and the rest are all imported. The main importers are China, Canada and the United States. Japanese imported the most buckwheat from China, accounting for 80% of the total imports, mainly from Houshan, Inner Mongolia, Yulin, Gansu, Ningxia, Yunnan and other places, mainly dried noodles or dried noodles. In Japan, one kilogram of buckwheat flour costs 700 yen, equivalent to 53-54 yuan. Therefore, in places suitable for planting buckwheat, it is planned to expand the planting area and adopt the form of company plus farmers to carry out deep processing of buckwheat to meet the domestic and international demand, and the market prospect is very broad. 15, kidney bean Dalian Eagle Food Co., Ltd. wants to buy all kinds of kidney beans for export and domestic sales. Changchun Shengzi Company Wukeshu Town Branch operates all the year round; 654.38+ ten thousand tons of black kidney beans and milk kidney beans. At present, the purchase of black kidney beans is 0.80-0.90 yuan/kg, and milk kidney beans1.1kloc-0/.20 yuan/kg. Kidney beans are in great demand and the price trend is promising. 2. Suggestions According to the investigation, analysis and prediction of the supply and demand of agricultural products markets in various regions of China, combined with the actual situation of our city, it is suggested that: the main farmers next year. Crop planting should be "two minus ten plus three stability". The specific suggestions are as follows: "two reductions" are: reducing the planting area of ordinary corn and sugar beet. In the face of the actual situation of oversupply, overstock, difficult sales, low price and poor efficiency of corn this year, all localities should continue to reduce the planting area of ordinary corn next year. At the same time, appropriately reduce the planting area of sugar beet. "Ten increase" means increasing the planting area of high-quality soybean, frozen wheat, buckwheat, sunflower, pepper, sesame, Japanese radish peanut and castor. ① Increase the planting area of high-oil soybeans. The average selling price of high-oil soybeans in Heilongjiang Province is 0. 03 yuan, the average income of high-oil soybeans is 58.8 yuan higher than that of ordinary soybeans. The planting area of high-oil soybeans is small, and the planting area of high-oil soybeans will be expanded next year. ② Increase the planting area of small ice wheat. The market demand for high-quality wheat is large and the price advantage is obvious. Our city has the experience of planting small frozen wheat with good quality and broad sales market. Small frozen wheat produced in Zhenlai County and Taobei District has been sold to Tianjin, Fujian, Hunan and other places. Next year, all parts of the city should appropriately expand the planting area of small ice wheat. ③ Increase the planting area of buckwheat. Buckwheat has unique health care function, and the market demand has increased obviously. Buckwheat planting has a long history, so we should seize the favorable opportunity of increasing market demand for buckwheat, appropriately expand the planting area of buckwheat, and rely on the product processing enterprises in China to further process buckwheat to improve the market share of wheat-raising products. ④ Increase the planting area of sunflower. The edible sunflower market is relatively stable, and sunflower is used as oil; The market price rebounded obviously, and the international consumption demand of sunflower seeds increased. All localities should appropriately expand the sunflower planting area. ⑤ Increase the planting area of high-quality pepper. In particular, expand the planting area of high-quality pepper varieties such as Jinta. ⑥ Increase sesame planting area. At present, the purchase price of sesame has reached 2.50-2.60 yuan/kg, mainly due to the increasing demand in the domestic food industry and the Japanese market, and the demand will increase year by year. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately increase the sesame planting area. ⑦ Increase the planting area of Japanese radish. Japanese radish has a good market prospect and considerable economic benefits. All localities should sign orders with merchants to expand the planting area. (8) Increase peanut planting area. The high content of aflatoxin in peanuts in southern China restricts the expansion of peanut production scale and affects the competitiveness of peanuts in the international market. Peanut planting will further move northward, which will bring opportunities for the development of peanut production in our city. All localities should seize the opportunity to appropriately expand the peanut planting area. Pet-name ruby increase castor planting area. Due to the price drop of castor in recent years, the planting area of castor has been greatly reduced. The price of castor has risen sharply this year, but we should not blindly expand the planting area because of this year's price increase. It should be appropriately increased under the drive of leading enterprises and the pull of market. Attending to increase the planting area of kidney beans. In particular, kidney bean with milk flower has a large market demand and a promising price trend, so the planting area should be appropriately expanded. The "three stabilities" are: stabilizing the planting area of rice, sorghum and mung beans. Stabilize the rice planting area. At present, although the price of rice in China is low, the yield is high, there is a market, and the benefit is better than that of planting ordinary corn. Therefore, all localities should stabilize the rice planting area. It is also necessary to plant high-quality new varieties, do a good job in deep processing of rice and improve product packaging to enhance the competitiveness of products in domestic and foreign markets. Stabilize sorghum planting area. There are many small and medium-sized wineries in our city, which basically digest local sorghum, and the supply and demand tend to be balanced, so it is not appropriate to increase the planting area. Stabilize the planting area of mung beans. Because the export price of mung beans is low this year, the price of mung beans will not increase too much next year. However, there are many arable land suitable for planting mung beans in our city, and some new varieties have been cultivated by agricultural scientific research units. The seed coating agent solves the diseases such as "root rot", improves the quality of mung bean production and is conducive to expanding exports, but the planting area should not be too large, and the planting area should be arranged according to the mung bean order. References:

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