[Edit this paragraph] Introduction
Name
Latin scientific name: Spinacia oleracea
English name: Spinach
Alias: spinach, red root vegetable, Persian grass, parrot vegetable.
Brief description
Spinach is an annual or biennial herb in the Chenopodiaceae family. Also known as spinach and Persian grass. The leaves and young stems are eaten. It is native to Persia and was cultivated 2000 years ago. Later it spread to North Africa and then to Western Europe, Spain and other countries by the Moors. Spinach was introduced to the Tang Dynasty in 647 AD.
Spinach has a well-developed main root, a fleshy red root, and a sweet and edible taste. The root mass is mainly distributed in the soil surface layer of 25 to 30 cm. The leaves are clustered, and the petiole is attached to the shortened stem disk before bolting. It is rosette-shaped and dark green. The flowers are unisexual and dioecious, with a sexual ratio of about 1:1, and occasionally monoecious flowers are found. The male flowers are in the form of spikes or panicles, and the female flowers are clustered in the leaf axils. Cell fruit, each containing 1 seed, with a hard, leathery shell. According to the structure of the outer bracts of the fruit, it can be divided into two types: thorny species and thornless species. Spinach is a cold-tolerant vegetable and a long-day plant. It requires more water during the growth process. It grows vigorously when the effective soil moisture content is 70 to 80% and the relative air humidity is 80 to 90%. The soil requirements are not strict, and a pH of 7 to 8 is appropriate. The demand for nitrogen fertilizer is greater, followed by phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Sowing can be done in spring and autumn. It is mainly sown in autumn, and the growing period is about 60 days. In northern China, there are also types of spinach that are sown in winter and harvested in spring, commonly known as head-down spinach. Drill or broadcast can be used. The main diseases of spinach include downy mildew, viral diseases, and anthracnose. The main pests include aphids, leaf miners, etc.
Spinach stems and leaves are soft, tender, delicious and rich in vitamin C, carotene, protein, and minerals such as iron, calcium, and phosphorus. In addition to being eaten as fresh vegetables, it can also be dehydrated, dried and quick-frozen.
Spinach contains large amounts of beta carotene and iron. It is also an excellent source of vitamin B6, folic acid, iron and potassium. The rich iron in it can improve iron deficiency anemia and make people look rosy and radiant, so it is highly praised as a beauty product. Spinach leaves contain chromium and an insulin-like substance, which acts very similarly to insulin and can keep blood sugar stable. The rich content of B vitamins enables it to prevent the occurrence of vitamin deficiencies such as angular stomatitis and night blindness. Spinach contains a large amount of antioxidants such as vitamin E and selenium, which have anti-aging and promote cell proliferation. It can not only activate brain function, but also enhance youthful vitality, help prevent brain aging and prevent Alzheimer's disease. A study by Harvard University also found that middle-aged and elderly people who eat spinach 2 to 4 times a week can reduce the risk of retinal degeneration and protect their eyesight due to their intake of vitamin A and carotene.
[Edit this paragraph] Family and Genus
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Dicotyledons Plant class Magnoliopsida
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae
Genus: Spinacia
Species: Spinach S. oleracea
[Edit this paragraph] Planting
1. Sowing date and varieties
Autumn spinach. Sow seeds in August-September and harvest in batches 30-40 days after sowing. Varieties should be early-maturing varieties that are more heat-resistant and grow faster, such as Lithar spinach, Huaxo No. 1, Guangdong round leaf, Chunqiu big leaf, etc.
Overwintering spinach. Sow seeds from mid-October to early November and harvest in batches before and after the Spring Festival. It is advisable to choose medium- and late-maturing varieties with strong winter resistance, late bolting, and strong cold resistance, such as round-leaf spinach, late round-leaf spinach, Huabo No. 1, and Liaoning round spinach. Ye Bo etc.
Spring Spinach.
After the beginning of spring, sowing can be started when the temperature rises above 5OC. March is the best time for sowing. Harvest 30-50 days after sowing. The varieties should be late round-leaf spinach with late bolting and large leaves, spring and autumn large leaves, and Shenyang round-leaf spinach. , Liaoning Yuanye, etc.
Summer spinach. Sow seeds in stages from May to July, and harvest from late June to mid-September. It is advisable to choose Huabo No. 1, Spring and Autumn Dayleaf, Guangdong Round Leaf, etc., which have strong heat resistance, rapid growth, and are not easy to bolt.
2. Land preparation for bordering
Choose loose and fertile soil with good water and fertilizer retention, good drainage and irrigation conditions, better slightly acidic loam, and a pH value of 5.5-7. When preparing the land, apply 4,000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40 kilograms of superphosphate per acre. The soil should be leveled and finely leveled. In winter and spring, it is advisable to make a sorghum border and in summer and autumn to make a flat border. The width of the border is 1.2-1.5 meters.
3. Sowing and raising seedlings
Broadcasting is generally used. For sowing in summer and autumn, one week before sowing, soak the seeds in water for 12 hours, place them in a well or store them in a refrigerator or freezer at about 4OC for 24 hours, and then germinate at 20-25OC. After 3-5 days of germination, sowing. Dry or wet seeds can be sown in winter and spring. Sow 3-3.5 kg per mu.
Pour enough water on the border surface before sowing. Gently rake the topsoil with a toothed rake to sow the seeds into the soil. Cover the border surface with a layer of plant ash.
After sowing in summer and autumn, cover with straw or use a small shed to cover the sunshade net to prevent erosion by high temperature and heavy rain. Keep the soil warm and moist at all times, and the seedlings can be planted in 6-7 days. If the temperature is low during winter sowing, cover the border with plastic film or sunshade net to keep the seedlings warm, and remove them after emergence.
4. Field management
After the true leaves of autumn spinach appear, pour clear manure water once; after 2 true leaves, combine with thinning, weeding, top dressing first light and then thick, in the early stage Apply more decomposed manure; topdress 2-3 times during the peak growth period, with 5-10 kg of urea per mu.
Keep the soil moist after winter spinach is sown. When there are 3-4 true leaves, control water appropriately to facilitate overwintering. When there are 2-3 true leaves, the distance between seedlings is 3-4 cm. Topdress water and fertilizer according to seedling conditions and weather, mainly decomposed human excrement. In frost, ice and snow weather, it should be covered with plastic film and sunshade net for insulation, or it can be covered with a small shed. After the beginning of spring, choose a sunny day to apply decomposed light manure water to prevent early bolting.
Spring spinach should be covered with plastic film for heat preservation in the early stage. It can be covered directly on the border surface. After the seedlings emerge, remove the film or cover it with a small shed. See more light, refine the seedlings more, and see the seedlings in a timely manner. When applying fertilizer water, decomposed human and animal manure should be applied lightly and frequently in the early stage. In the later stage, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied especially 15 days before harvest.
After the summer spinach seedlings emerge, they should still be covered with a sunshade net. Cover in sunny weather and uncover in shade. Cover late and uncover early to facilitate cooling and heat preservation. Watering during the seedling stage should be done in the morning or evening with light water and frequent watering. After 2-3 true leaves, apply two quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers. Water after each application of fertilizer to promote growth.
5. Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests
For aphids, use 40 dimethoate 1,000 times, or 50 pirimicarb 2,000-3,000 times for spraying; for leaf miners, use 50 phoxim EC 1,000 times of solution, or 80 times of trichlorfon powder, spray 1000 times of solution; for downy mildew, use 58 times of chlorothalonil, 500 times of solution, or 75 times of chlorothalonil, spray; for anthrax, use 50 times of thiophanate methyl, 500 times of solution, or 50 Carbendazim 700 times liquid spray control.
6. Timely harvesting
Generally, seedlings with a height of more than 10 cm can be harvested in batches. About 15 days before a one-time harvest, you can spray the leaves with 15-20 mg/kg of 92O, and add urea or ammonium sulfate to harvest earlier and increase yield.
7. Seed saving
The sowing date of spinach for seed saving can be slightly later than that of overwintering spinach. Sow in rows with row spacing of 20-23 cm. After turning green in spring, remove miscellaneous plants and early-bolting male plants one after another, leaving some vegetative male plants to keep the distance between plants up to about 20 cm. It is not advisable to irrigate too much during the bolting period to avoid weak and lodging flower sprouts and reduce seed yield. After flowering, topdress fertilizer, irrigate, and spray 1-2 superphosphate clarified liquid on the leaves to make the seeds plump. After the male plants have set seeds, remove them to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Most of the stems and leaves are withered and yellow. Harvest when the seeds are mature and thresh after several days of ripening.
[Edit this paragraph] Pest and disease control
The main disease is spinach downy mildew
1. Symptoms: The main damage is to the leaves. Small light green spots initially appear with inconspicuous edges, and then expand to a nearly round to irregular shape. White mold initially appears on the back of the leaves, which later turns purple-gray, and in severe cases turns yellow and rots.
2. Prevention and control methods It is best not to sow seeds too large and at a suitable density. Apply appropriate amounts of chlorine fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Strengthen field management to prevent the soil from being too dry or too wet. In severe disease areas, 2 to 3 crop rotations are implemented. In the early stage of the disease, spray 1:1:300 Bordeaux mixture or 40 ethyl phosphoaluminum 200 times, or 75 chlorothalonil 600 times, or 25 chlorothalonil or metalaxyl 500 times. Spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row.
[Edit this paragraph] Nutritional information
Each 100 grams contains 91.8 grams of water, 2.4 grams of protein, 0.5 grams of fat, 3.1 grams of carbohydrates, 0.7 grams of crude fiber, and 1.5 grams of ash. , carotene 3.87 mg, vitamin B10.04 mg, vitamin B20.13 mg, niacin 0.6 mg, vitamin C 39 mg, calcium 72 mg, phosphorus 53 mg, iron 1.8 mg, potassium 502 mg, sodium 98.6 mg, magnesium 34.3 mg, chlorine 200 mg. Calories (24.00 kcal) · Vitamin B6 (0.30 mg) · Fat (0.30 g) · Pantothenic acid (0.20 mg) · · Folic acid (110.00 μg) · Dietary fiber (1.70 g) · Vitamin A (487.00 μg) · · Sulfur Amines (0.04 mg) · Riboflavin (0.11 mg) · Niacin (0.60 mg) Vitamin E (1.74 mg) · Calcium (66.00 mg) · Zinc (0.85 mg) · Selenium (0.97 μg) · Copper (0.10 mg ) Manganese (0.66 mg) Potassium (311.00 mg) Zinc (0.85 mg) Selenium (0.97 μg) Copper (0.10 mg) Manganese (0.66 mg)
[Edit this paragraph] How to choose
It is better to choose spinach with short red stems and fresh and elastic leaves.
When choosing spinach, the leaves should be thick, well-stretched, wide in leaf surface, and short in petiole. If there is discoloration on the leaves, they should be removed.
Supplement: spinach diet. Spinach, as a mild blood and yin nourishing product, is especially suitable for patients with "deficiency that is not replenished". The enzymes contained in the water content of spinach play a good role in the secretion function of the stomach and pancreas, and are suitable for patients with high blood pressure and diabetes (spinach root is especially suitable for patients with diabetes). Recent studies by foreign scholars have found that spinach has the effect of anti-aging and enhancing youthful vitality, which is related to the vitamin E and another coenzyme Q10 it contains.
Supplement: People with gastrointestinal deficiency and diarrhea should eat less. Patients with nephritis and kidney stones should not eat.
Spinach contains oxalic acid. The combination of oxalic acid and calcium can easily form calcium oxalate, which will affect the body's absorption of calcium. Therefore, spinach should not be burned with calcium-rich beans, soy products, fungus, shrimp, kelp, seaweed and other foods.
Special reminder: When cooking spinach, blanch the spinach in boiling water to remove 80% of the oxalic acid, then fry, mix or make soup.
[Edit this paragraph] Cooking related
Spinach quality requirements: dark green color, red roots, no water, no old stems and leaves, no bolting and blooming, no yellow and rotten leaves Better.
Nutritional analysis
1. Clear bowel movements and prevent and treat hemorrhoids:
Spinach contains a large amount of plant crude fiber, which can promote intestinal peristalsis and is beneficial to Defecation, and can promote pancreatic secretion and help digestion.
It has a therapeutic effect on hemorrhoids, chronic pancreatitis, constipation, anal fissure and other diseases;
2. Promote growth and development and enhance disease resistance:
The carotene contained in spinach, Converted into vitamin A in the human body, it can maintain normal vision and the health of epithelial cells, increase the ability to prevent infectious diseases, and promote the growth and development of children;
3. Ensure nutrition and improve health:
Spinach is rich in carotene, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus and a certain amount of iron, vitamin E and other beneficial ingredients, which can supply the human body with a variety of nutrients; the iron it contains is good for iron deficiency anemia. The auxiliary therapeutic effect;
4. Promote human metabolism:
The trace elements contained in spinach can promote human metabolism and improve physical health. Eating a lot of spinach can reduce the risk of stroke;
5. Clean skin and anti-aging:
Spinach extract can promote the proliferation of cultured cells, which not only resists aging but also enhances youthfulness. vitality. Chinese people mash spinach to extract juice, wash their face several times a week, and use it continuously for a period of time to clean skin pores, reduce wrinkles and pigment spots, and keep the skin smooth.
Relevant groups
The general population can consume it.
1. Spinach is soft and easy to digest after cooking, especially suitable for the elderly, young, sick and weak. Computer workers and people who love beauty should also eat spinach regularly; diabetics (especially type II diabetics) often eat spinach to help maintain stable blood sugar; at the same time, spinach is also suitable for patients with high blood pressure, constipation, anemia, scurvy, and rough skin. Allergic;
2. Not suitable for patients with nephritis and kidney stones. Spinach has a high oxalic acid content, so you should not eat too much at one time; in addition, people with spleen deficiency and loose stools should not eat too much.
Production instructions
1. Spinach can be stir-fried, mixed, roasted, made into soup and used as an ingredient, such as "ginger spinach", "sesame spinach" and "dried sea rice spinach" wait.
2. Many people like to eat spinach. Spinach contains oxalic acid, especially in round-leaf varieties. It affects the body’s absorption of calcium after eating. Therefore, when eating this kind of spinach, you should boil it first to remove the water. to reduce oxalic acid content.
3. Raw spinach should not be cooked with tofu as it may hinder digestion and affect the efficacy. Blanch it in boiling water and then cook it with tofu.
Other related
The ancient Chinese called it "red-billed green parrot".
The ancient Arabs also called it the "King of Vegetables".
According to "Compendium of Materia Medica", eating spinach can "unblock the blood vessels, open the chest and diaphragm, lower the Qi and regulate the middle Qi, quench thirst and moisturize dryness".
[Edit this paragraph] Meridian distribution of nature and flavor
Cool in nature, sweet and pungent in taste, non-toxic; enters the intestine and stomach meridians. ("Compendium of Materia Medica" compiled by Wu Yiluo of the Qing Dynasty records "I have tried it many times, but I can see the heat but not the coolness")
[Edit this paragraph] Functions and Indications
Enriching blood and stopping bleeding , benefit the five internal organs, dredge blood vessels, quench thirst and moisturize the intestines, nourish yin and calm the liver, and aid digestion. It is mainly used to treat high blood pressure, headache, dizziness, wind-fire red eyes, diabetes, constipation and other diseases.
[Edit this paragraph] Therapeutic effects of diet
1. Helps facilitate bowel movement and prevents hemorrhoids. Spinach contains a large amount of plant crude fiber, which promotes intestinal peristalsis, facilitates defecation, and promotes pancreatic secretion to aid digestion. It has a therapeutic effect on hemorrhoids, chronic pancreatitis, constipation, anal fissure and other diseases.
2. Promote growth and development and enhance disease resistance. The carotene contained in spinach is converted into vitamin A in the human body, which can maintain normal vision and the health of epithelial cells, increase the ability to prevent infectious diseases, and promote the growth and development of children.
3. Ensure nutrition and improve health. Spinach is rich in carotene, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, and a certain amount of iron, vitamin E, rue II, coenzyme Q10 and other beneficial ingredients. It can provide the human body with a variety of nutrients; the iron it contains It has a good auxiliary therapeutic effect on iron deficiency anemia.
4. Promote human metabolism and delay aging. The fluorine-containing phenol, 6-hydroxymethylpyridione and trace elements in spinach can promote human metabolism and improve physical health. Eating a lot of spinach can reduce the risk of stroke.
5． Clean skin and anti-aging. Spinach extract can promote the proliferation of cultured cells, which not only resists aging but also enhances youthful vitality. Chinese people mash spinach to extract juice, wash their face several times a week, and use it continuously for a period of time to clean skin pores, reduce wrinkles and pigment spots, and keep the skin smooth.
[Edit this paragraph] Healthy recipes
1. Jinling spinach soup: 20 grams each of dendrobium and poria, 12 grams of adenophora, 400 grams of spinach, 800 ml of vegetarian soup (made by boiling bean sprouts with water), appropriate amounts of green onion and ginger. Decoction dendrobium, poria, and Adenophora japonicus in water to get 200 ml of juice; wash the spinach, cut into 4 cm sections, cut green onion into white sections, and slice the ginger into loose pieces. Blanch the spinach quickly and remove it; put the wok on high heat, add peanut oil to heat, add ginger and stir-fry until red, remove the ginger; add refined salt, pour in the liquid medicine and vegetarian soup, bring to a boil, then pour in the spinach, and the soup boils Just seasoning. This dish is composed of spinach and sweet and nourishing medicine, which has the effects of nourishing the stomach, nourishing yin, strengthening the spleen and helping food. It has a certain therapeutic effect on people with gastrointestinal dryness and heat, less yin fluid, and loss of appetite.
2. Spinach porridge: 50 grams each of spinach and jujube, 100 grams of japonica rice. Wash the japonica rice and jujubes, add water and make porridge. When cooked, add spinach and bring to a boil. This porridge is rich in nutrients, has the effects of strengthening the spleen, replenishing qi, nourishing blood and replenishing deficiency. It is often used to treat iron deficiency anemia. It can be taken once a day for several days.
3. Spinach mixed with lotus root slices: 200 grams each of spinach and fresh lotus root. Pick the tender spinach, wash it, and blanch it briefly in boiling water; peel and slice the fresh lotus root, boil it in boiling water for a while; add salt, sesame oil, and MSG to the above two ingredients and mix well. This dish has the effect of clearing the liver and improving eyesight, and is suitable for conditions such as blurred vision, dizziness and trembling limbs caused by insufficient liver blood.
4. Spinach and mutton liver soup: 50 grams each of fresh spinach and mutton liver. Wash the spinach and cut it into sections, and slice the lamb liver into slices; add about 750 ml of water to the pot, bring to a boil, then add the lamb liver, roll out the spinach, add an appropriate amount of salt, sesame oil, and MSG, and then roll it out. Eat lamb liver, spinach and drink soup. This soup has the effect of nourishing the liver and improving eyesight, and is suitable for conditions such as blurred vision and dry eyes.
5． Spinach and pig blood soup: 500 grams each of fresh spinach and cooked pig blood, appropriate amounts of ginger slices and green onion segments. Wash and cut fresh spinach into sections, and cut pig blood into strips; put the pot on the fire, add lard, and scallions. Stir-fry ginger until fragrant, add pork blood and stir-fry, add cooking wine, stir-fry until water dries up, add broth, salt, pepper, spinach, bring to a boil, and serve in a soup basin. This soup has the functions of nourishing blood and stopping bleeding, astringing yin and moisturizing dryness, and is suitable for diseases such as blood deficiency, intestinal dryness, anemia and bleeding.
[Edit this paragraph] Dietary value
The whole plant or stems and leaves of the Chenopodiaceae herbaceous plant spinach. Also known as spinach, red root vegetable, Persian grass, parrot vegetable. It is cultivated all over our country. Harvest in winter and spring, remove fibrous roots and wash before use.
[Performance] Sweet in taste, cool in nature, beneficial to the five internal organs, and antidote to alcohol poisoning. It can moisten dryness and smooth the intestines, clear away heat and relieve troubles, produce fluid and quench thirst, nourish the liver and improve eyesight.
[Taboos]
Suitable for: patients with high blood pressure and diabetes; suitable for those with hemorrhoids and bloody stools, and those with habitual dry stools; suitable for those with anemia and scurvy It is suitable for eating; it is suitable for people who prevent and treat night blindness; it is suitable for people with rough skin, skin allergies, and sagging skin, as it has a cosmetic effect; it is suitable for people who prevent and treat influenza.
Don’ts: Those with loose stools and weak spleen and stomach should not eat it; those with weak kidney function should not eat more spinach.
[Reference] Contains chlorophyll, oxalic acid, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, C, folic acid, protein, amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and other ingredients.
[Usage] It is used for weak people and the elderly with astringent and stagnant stools, dry intestines, constipation or hemorrhoids and fistulas; stomach heat and polydipsia, quenching thirst and polydipsia; heat in the liver meridian, dizziness, irritability and heat, and blurred vision. , or night blindness.
[Usage] Decoction, cook, stir-fry or serve cold.
[Note] When eaten raw, this product is cold and lubricating in nature, so it is suitable for those with heat. When eaten cooked, it is relatively mild in nature and will not have any obvious effect on people with weak stomachs. Spinach contains a lot of oxalic acid and should not be cooked with calcium-rich foods (such as tofu), otherwise it will form calcium oxalate, which is not conducive to calcium absorption and hinders digestion.
[Additional Recipes]
1. Spinach soup: 250g spinach, cut into sections, and cook the soup; add a little cooking oil or sesame oil, soy sauce and salt for seasoning.
This recipe uses spinach to clear away heat and moisten the intestines. Used for gastrointestinal hotness, upset and thirst, and constipation. "Confucianism and Family Affairs" said: "If the husband is old and has been ill for a long time, and his stool is astringent and stagnant... taking sunflower, spinach, pig and sheep blood will naturally relieve the pain. The "Nei Jing" says that it can also be used to nourish the orifices." Products can be used with reference.
2. Spinach and chicken gizzard soup: 10g of gizzard gizzards, roasted and grinded into powder; use 250g of spinach root (or spinach), chopped into pieces, decoction and juice.
Derived from the "Experiential Prescription" (the original prescription is the end, take it with rice drink). This recipe uses spinach root to clear away heat, promote fluid production and quench thirst, and chicken gizzard essence to reduce astringency and strengthen the kidneys. Therefore, it has the significance of assisting in the treatment of diabetes (diabetes).
3. Cold spinach: blanch 250g spinach in boiling water, remove and cut into sections, season with sesame oil, soy sauce, vinegar and salt.
This recipe uses spinach to nourish the liver and clear away heat. It can be used for liver deficiency and heat, dizziness, red face, and irritability.
4. Spinach and pork liver soup: 250g spinach, 60g pork liver, fully cooked (not overcooked), seasoned with sesame oil, soy sauce, salt and other seasonings.
Spinach can nourish the liver and improve eyesight. Pork liver is a wonderful product for nourishing the liver and improving eyesight, so it is particularly effective when used in combination. It is used for liver deficiency, blurred vision, night blindness, and blurred vision after dusk.
Slimming recipe: How to make stir-fried spinach
Slimming recipe: How to make stir-fried spinach
Select 400 grams of spinach leaves and stems, shredded green onion and ginger*** 10 grams, 20 grams of vegetable oil, 10 grams of soy sauce, appropriate amounts of refined salt, cooking wine, and MSG.
Preparation method ① Chop the spinach thoroughly, split the roots with a knife, then cut into 3 cm long sections, blanch them in boiling water, take them out and drain the water. ② Heat up the wok, add vegetable oil and heat until 70% hot, stir-fry the wok with shredded onion and ginger, then pour in the spinach, add soy sauce, refined salt, cooking wine, and MSG, stir well and serve. Article compiled by foodwang.com, a healthy eating website
Features: fresh, tender and light.
Efficacy Spinach contains vitamin A and vitamin B family. The content of vitamin C, especially vitamin A and vitamin C, is higher than that of ordinary vegetables. It is a low-calorie, high-fiber, high-nutrition vegetable for weight loss. Obese people often eat this dish, which has a good effect on weight loss and bodybuilding.
[Edit this paragraph] Chinese medicinal materials
Medicinal name spinach
Also known as spinach, balm, red root vegetable, red root vegetable, Persian grass, parrot vegetable , rat root cabbage, horn cabbage, sweet tea, lajin cabbage, sensitive cabbage, flying cabbage, flying dragon cabbage
Chinese pinyin bo cai
Latin plant, animal and mineral name Spinacia oleracea L.
Returns through liver; stomach; large intestine; small intestine meridian
Efficacy nourishes blood; stops bleeding; calms liver; moistens dryness
Family classification Chenopodiaceae
Mainly used to treat epistaxis, blood in the stool, headache, dizziness, red eyes, night blindness, quenching thirst and drinking, constipation, and hemorrhoids
Harvesting and storage Harvest in winter and spring, remove soil and impurities, and wash Use clean and fresh.
Resource distribution It is cultivated throughout the country and is one of the common vegetables.
Annual herbs in animal and plant forms. The whole plant is smooth, tender and watery. Young roots are reddish. Stems are upright, hollow, and usually unbranched. The leaves are alternate; have long stalks; the leaves at the base and the lower part of the stem are larger, and the leaves on the upper part of the stem gradually become smaller, halberd-shaped or triangular-ovate, with entire or notched edges, and the leaves on the inflorescence become lanceolate.
Flowers unisexual, dioecious; male flowers arranged in interrupted spike-like panicles, terminal or axillary, tepals usually 4, yellow-green, stamens 4, extended, anthers without appendages; female flowers clustered in leaf sap, There is no perianth, and the bracts are folded longitudinally and join together to form a flat tube. The apex of the bracteoles has 2 teeth, and the back usually has a spine-like appendage on each side; the flowers are 4-directed, linear, slender, and united at the lower part. The fruit is hard, usually with 2 angular spines, and the pericarp and seed coat are adnate. Seeds erect. The flowering period is from April to June, and the fruit ripening period is in June.
Efficacy classification blood-tonifying medicine
Sweet in nature and taste; neutral in nature
Source "Chinese Materia Medica"
[Edit this paragraph]★Note Matters
The oxalic acid and calcium salts contained in spinach can combine to form calcium oxalate crystals, making the urine of patients with nephritis turbid and increasing casts and salt crystals. Therefore, patients with nephritis and kidney stones should not eat it.
[Edit this paragraph] Literature excerpts
"Dietotherapeutic Materia Medica": "Benefits the five internal organs, relieves gastrointestinal heat, and relieves alcohol poisoning. It is best to take elixirs as food"
"Compendium of Materia Medica": "Drive blood vessels, open the chest septum, lower the Qi to regulate the middle, quench thirst and moisturize dryness."
"Suixiju Diet Manual": "Spinach, open the chest septum, It can clear the intestines and stomach, moisten dryness and activate blood circulation, and people with hemorrhoids and hemorrhoids should eat it." Blood stasis."
[Edit this paragraph] Cultural Appreciation
Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty. "Spinach": "The bitter cold in the north has not ended yet, and the pine ribs under the snow are like iron armor. How could you know that my Shu
is rich in winter vegetables, and the leaves and buds exposed by frost will thrive even more in the cold."
Historical legend: "New Book of Tang·Biography of the Western Regions" records that "in the 20th year of Niboluo (Zhenguan) (647 AD), an envoy was sent to offer buleng, sour cabbage, and scallions." That is to say, spinach was introduced to my country from Nepal. "
Folk legend: It is said that when an emperor of the Qing Dynasty traveled incognito in the south of the Yangtze River, he ate a delicious dish in a common people's home. After returning to the palace, the emperor asked the imperial chef to cook it in the same way. The dish was called "Gold inlaid with white jade plates, red Green-billed parrot. "This is actually the reputation of spinach-roasted tofu.
"Tang Huiyao": "During the reign of Emperor Taizong, Boluo State presented balengcai, which is red and blue, and is actually like tribulus. When cooked, it will improve the taste. The alchemist's secret name is Persian grass. "Its roots are red, so it is commonly known as red root vegetables.
[Edit this paragraph] Scientific research
Wang Junwei, a master's student in vegetable breeding at the School of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, studied under the famous domestic Associate Professor Wei Youying, a breeding expert, is engaged in the breeding of spinach salt tolerance and spinach hybrids, and has achieved certain results. In 2007, he participated in the Tai'an University Student Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Program and presided over the application for "Innovative Research on the Breeding Method of Pure Female Lines of Spinach" ( 2007D1004) was approved as a Category A project in Tai'an City (the highest amount of funding for university students in Tai'an City). This topic has passed the preliminary evaluation in April 2007. The research value and expected research results of this topic were approved by the Tai'an City Science and Technology Bureau, The leaders of the school’s Science and Technology Department and other participating leaders unanimously affirmed and praised it.