Potatoes belong to the Solanaceae family of annual herbaceous plants. Potato high yield, strong adaptability, wide use, high economic value. The planting area of the fourth food crops, both food crops, and vegetable crops and feed crops.
Potato planting time
Potato can be sown in the spring and fall sowing, spring sowing in late January to mid-April. Autumn sowing in late August, can be based on the local early frost period 75-85 days in advance for the best sowing period of autumn potatoes.
Potato planting methods
1, land preparation, fertilizer
Land preparation: Potato planting to choose loose soil, good structure of the soil to facilitate the expansion of tubers, potato quality, such a soil produced by the smooth skin of the potatoes, potatoes, potato shape neat, less water content. Rake the soil to loosen the topsoil.
Supplying base fertilizer: heavy base fertilizer, and mixed with a certain amount of phosphate fertilizer. Each mu of 2500-3000 kg of farmyard manure, 20-30 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 100-200 kg of grass ash mixed with circle fertilizer for nesting or furrowing. The amount of base fertilizer accounts for more than 80% of the total fertilizer application.
2, seed potato treatment
Sanitization: in order to prevent the seed potato with disease infection, before sowing with 0.3-0.5% formalin solution soaked potato seed block 20-30 minutes and then removed in a plastic bag closed for about 6 hours.
Sprouting: potatoes can be sprouted early, strong and neat seedlings, early maturity, improve yield. In about half a month before sowing, cut pieces with 0.5-2 international units of "nine two 0" soaked seeds 5-10 minutes, whole potatoes with 10-30 international units soaked seeds 20-30 minutes. The whole potatoes should be soaked in 10-30 IU for 20-30 minutes. Will be treated seed pieces in 15-18 ℃ and relative humidity of 70% of the hotbed years, lay a layer of wet sand put a layer of seed potatoes, even put two layers covered with straw to continue to keep warm, when the buds grow to 1 cm or so, so that the seed potatoes see the light and turn green can be planted.
3, planting density and sowing depth
Planting density: single crop, 5000-6000 plants per mu is appropriate, row spacing 60-66, nest spacing 33-40 cm, double plants per nest.
Intercropping to about 3000 plants per mu is appropriate. The belt intercropping rotation, belt spacing 1.67-1.83 meters, potato narrow row spacing 33 cm, nest spacing 33 cm, 2,200-2,400 plants per mu.
Sowing depth: generally sticky, moist soil, to 8-10 cm is better. Humus more, loose, deep, dry soil, to 10-13 cm is more appropriate. Under the premise of not affecting the emergence of seedlings, an appropriate increase in the depth of sowing is favorable to the bearing of potato tubers.
4, fertilizer
Potato fertilizer is more base fertilizer than fertilizer. General fertilizer twice, the first time in the potato in the flush after, combined with the first plowing and weeding 10 kg of urea per acre. To promote rapid growth of seedlings. The second time in the bud combined with the second plowing, the application of a grass ash, conditions can be added to the potassium sulfate 7 kg, and according to the growth of seedlings, plus = application of a little fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer to meet the nutrients needed during the tuber period.
5, weeding and soil cultivation
The first weeding in the seedling height of 6 cm, and combined with seedling seedling and fertilizer, in order to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. The second plowing and weeding is carried out when the buds appear, and combined with soil cultivation. The first deep weeding and the second shallow. Soil cultivation should master the first thin, the second slightly thick, the total thickness of about 10 cm.
6, irrigation and drainage
Potato is more drought-resistant, too much water will affect plant growth and reduce quality, therefore, in the more rainy, high water table areas, especially rice paddy planting potatoes, pay attention to ditching drainage, hit the compartment sowing. Weather drought should be irrigated to keep the soil moist.