Toon is widely cultivated in our Gansu Tianshui area, and its new shoots and young leaves are rich in nutrients, commonly known as ? Toon buds? So this toon cultivation is how to manage? The following follow the new agricultural song together to understand it.

Toon growth conditions

Toon light, like warm and humid climatic conditions, planted in deep fertile sandy loam soil grows better; its growth and development is suitable for cultivation in the average annual temperature of 10 ~ 13 ℃, the average annual rainfall in the 700 ~ 3300 mm of the low hills, the flatlands, dry and hot river valley areas. It can also be planted on roadsides, courtyards and other vacant land. It can be cultivated by rooting or by seed sowing. Here is how toon is cultivated by seedling.

The cultivation technology of toon

A, seedling

1, land preparation

Toon in the nursery before the first to be prepared to fertilize. Choose flat terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, sufficient light, convenient drainage of the plot to do seedbed, plowing the plot, and then ditching calcium superphosphate, 50 kg per mu. Create good soil conditions for the growth and development of toon. After fertilization, the ground will be raked flat to make a border, border width 1 ~ 1.2 meters, 20 ~ 30 meters long, leveling to be sown on it.

2, seed treatment

Before sowing, the seeds should be treated first, to be soaked first, in order to promote the earlier germination of toon seeds. Soak the toon seeds in warm water at 30℃ for 24 hours. The seeds are fished out and mixed into sandy soil at a ratio of 1:4. According to the situation can be appropriate amount of water, the proportion of water to the hand clenched up to hold into a ball is appropriate, and then will do a good job of the seeds into the woven bag prepared in advance, loaded and placed in the warm place of 20 ~ 25 ℃ to germinate, keep a week, watering once a day, in order to improve the rate of germination.

3, sowing

After about a week after the germination, when the seed buds grow to 1~2 millimeters can be sown. Sowing time is generally at the end of March to early April, the lowest daily temperature of 1 ~ 5 ℃ can be sown. When sowing, the germinated seeds are evenly sown in the seedbed on the prepared seedbed. About 2 kilograms of seeds are needed per acre, and 1~1.5 centimeters of soil covering after sowing is enough.

4, watering

Sowing about 15~20 days can be seedlings, seedlings can be watered according to the drought conditions, generally every 7~15 days watering, if the seedbed is dry, every 2~3 days watering 1 time, to maintain the seedlings of water supply.

5, weeding

In the process of seedling growth, if you find that there are weeds growing, you have to weed in a timely manner to facilitate the growth of seedlings.

6, transplanting seedlings

With the growth of the seedlings, when the seedlings grow 2~3 pieces of true leaves, you can transplant the seedlings, before the seedlings are set, gently dig out the seedlings with a small shovel. Be careful not to hurt the roots of the seedlings when pulling them out. After digging them out, gently shake off the mulch and put them neatly into the seedling pots, and then you can set the seedlings. According to the plant spacing of 20 cm, row spacing of 30 cm to set seedlings, set seedlings timely watering.

7, set the seedling management

To make the toon seedling grow well, grow strong, transplanted after 50 days or so combined with the watering needs to be chased with a fertilizer, 15 to 20 kg per mu of diammonium phosphate flush, in order to accelerate the growth of the seedlings. In the growth process of seedlings, pay attention to loosen the soil and plow and weed.

In mid to late August, when the toon seedlings grow to about 1 meter, you can use 15% doxorubicin wettable powder 1500 times liquid for a spray to accelerate the lignification of the seedling branches, enhance the cold resistance, to ensure the safe overwintering. After completing this work, the nursery work is basically completed.

The spring of the second year after the nursery, that is, around mid-March, can be planted, start seedlings to choose disease-free seedlings, try to leave more roots to survive. When planting, pay attention to the soil to lift the seedlings watering, a little shaping into the planting after management.

Two, planting management

1, loose soil fertilization

After planting, with the growth of seedlings to timely scientific management. Loosening and weeding of the soil can make the soil become loose, and can increase permeability and regulate the soil temperature, promote the decomposition of nutrients in the soil, and help the seedling roots to absorb. In the growth process of the toon, it is necessary to apply fertilizer in a timely manner, and fertilizer is usually applied in mid-June after planting.

This time the toon enters the rapid growth period, fertilization can accelerate the growth of the toon seedlings, fertilization is generally applied with soil fertilizer, 5000 kg of fertilizer per acre. Turn the ground after fertilization, turn the soil mixed fertilizer into the soil, in order to facilitate the absorption of seedlings. Toon is afraid of flooding, if it is not particularly dry, do not often water.

2, centering

Selected after the germination of the seedling to stay a robust branch to do the main stem training, the rest of the lateral branches are all removed. When the branch grows to 70~80cm, pick the heart, cultivate into a seedling with 2~3 short branches, when the main branch grows to 20~25cm again, pick the heart again, promote the growth of the seedling's lignification.

3, picking method

Toon planting after the general two years after the picking, late March to late April each year, is the toon buds suitable picking season. Generally harvest two crops, the first crop after harvesting about 15~20 days after harvesting the second crop. Harvesting the first crop of tsubaki buds around the Qingming to the valley rain before and after the picking, especially to the valley rain before the harvesting of the best.

Picking is best done in the morning before sunrise, because if the wounds on the branches of the toon are afraid of the sun, the wounds won't be easy to heal if they are picked too late. The length of toon buds suitable for harvesting is between 15 and 20 centimeters is good. At this time harvested tsubaki buds fat and tender, no fiber, both from the taste and quality are better, is considered to be the top of the tsubaki buds.

When it comes to picking toon sprouts, the most commonly used picking method is the bud-breaking method. That is, when the bud is about to sprout, break off the whole bud from the bud base of the bud. It is important to leave less bud moss when picking so that the base of the bud moss can produce leaves. About 20 days after picking, the new sprouting tips grow to more than 15 centimeters when picking the second crop, generally two consecutive crops can be harvested.

4, short cut after picking

Toon buds after the completion of the second crop picking, toon tree short cut. At this time, the new root system has developed, has the ability to absorb underground nutrition, in the ground at 40 cm short cut stem, short cut stem generally leave 4~5 buds, promote dwarfing branching, promote development.

The management of open field cultivation of toon is relatively simple, as long as a little management in the suitable climate and soil conditions can survive, but the economic benefits are good, so interested farmers can try.