Photo Appreciation of Red-crowned Crane (2 1 Zhang) Red-crowned crane is a kind of crane, which is named after the "red meat crown" on its head. It is a unique bird species in East Asia. Because of its elegant posture and distinct colors, it has a first-class protected animal with good luck, loyalty and longevity in the culture of this region.

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Shadow of red-crowned crane

Photo Appreciation of Red-crowned Crane (37 photos) Red-crowned crane has the characteristics of cranes, that is, three lengths-long mouth, long neck and long legs. Adult birds are white except for the black neck and the back end of flight feathers, and the skin on the top of their heads is bare and bright red. The legendary highly toxic crane's top red (also known as crane's top blood) is here, but it is purely a rumor that crane's blood is not toxic. What the ancients called "crane's top red" is actually arsenic, that is, impure arsenic trioxide. Crane's top red is an obscure statement about arsenic in ancient times. The tail fat gland of the red-crowned crane is covered with powder (Ran Yu). Young birds have brown feathers and a yellow beak. The feather color of sub-adults is dim, and the red color of the bare area on the top of the head becomes more vivid after 2 years old.

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Red-crowned crane (Figure 3)

Red-crowned cranes breed in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, Songnen Plain in Sanjiang Plain (Jilin and Qiqihar in Heilongjiang are the most abundant), and a small number of wild populations are distributed in the Russian Far East and Japan in Yunnan. It overwinters in the southeast coast of China, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Korean Gulf, Japan and other places. In history, the distribution area of red-crowned cranes is much larger than it is now, and the wintering area is farther south, reaching Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hainan and other places. Because of its special position in culture, this bird has been recorded in detail in local chronicles, which provides detailed information for studying its distribution. Living in the swamp.

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Red-crowned crane Red-crowned crane (Figure 4)

Every year, it migrates between the breeding ground and the wintering ground. Only in Hokkaido, Japan is the local resident bird, the red-crowned crane (Figure 1).

No migration, which may be related to the organized feeding of local people in winter and sufficient food sources. The habitat of red-crowned crane is swamp and marshy meadow, and its food is mainly shallow water fish and shrimp, molluscs and some plant roots, which varies with seasons. Red-crowned cranes molt twice a year, changing into summer feathers in spring and winter feathers in autumn, which is a complete molting and will temporarily lose their flight ability. The red-crowned crane's singing is very loud, as a signal to define the territory, and it is also an important way of communication in estrus. Red-crowned crane is a single bird, which can last for a lifetime without special circumstances. The annual breeding period begins in March, lasts for 6 months and ends in September. They nest in shallow water or wet land with water, and the nest materials are mostly grasses such as reeds. Red-crowned cranes lay a nest of eggs every year, usually 2~4 eggs. Hatching is carried out by male and female birds in turn, and the incubation period is 3 1~32 days. Young birds are early chicks. Red-crowned cranes always move in groups and form a "human" shape. The angle of the herringbone is110. More accurate calculation also shows that half of the included angle of the herringbone-that is, the included angle between each side and the advancing direction of the crane group is 54 44' 8 "(the same angle as the diamond crystal). Red-crowned cranes are omnivorous. In spring, grass seeds and crop seeds are eaten, while in summer, food is miscellaneous, and there are many animal foods. The main animal foods are small fish, crustaceans, snails, insects and their larvae, as well as frogs and small rodents. Plant foods include reed buds and weed seeds.

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Red-crowned crane is a single bird, which can last for a lifetime without special circumstances. The annual breeding period begins in March, lasts for 6 months and ends in September. They nest in shallow water or wet land with water, and the nest materials are mostly grasses such as reeds. Red-crowned cranes lay a nest of eggs every year, usually 2~4 eggs. Hatching is carried out by male and female birds in turn, and the incubation period is 3 1~32 days. Young birds are early chicks. Red-crowned crane (Figure 2)

During the breeding period, courtship is accompanied by dancing and singing, and it nests in halogen reeds and grass with a certain depth. Each egg lays 1- 2, and the incubation period is 30-33 days. It becomes an early bird and matures sexually at the age of 2, and its life span can reach 50-60 years. In the middle and late April, they began to nest and lay eggs in the withered grass on the shoal surrounded by water, and each nest laid 2 eggs. Male and female birds took turns to hatch eggs, and the incubation period was 20 ~ 33 days. After the young birds learn to fly, in autumn, the red-crowned crane moves from the northeast breeding ground to the south for the winter. In China, a number of nature reserves such as Zhalong, Xianghai and Yancheng have been established in the breeding areas and wintering areas of cranes such as red-crowned cranes. In Yancheng Nature Reserve, Jiangsu Province, there are more than 600 wintering red-crowned cranes a year at most, making it the largest known wintering habitat in the world. The red-crowned crane was first raised and exhibited in Beijing Zoo 1954, and was successfully bred in 1964.

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Red-crowned cranes are easy to identify because of their large size and distinct colors. People's knowledge of red-crowned cranes has been accumulated for a long time. China's local chronicles recorded it continuously. Red-crowned cranes were raised by people long ago, especially in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Nowadays, many places have raised red-crowned cranes for viewing. /kloc-since the 1980s, special research on red-crowned cranes has been carried out, and some information about their distribution, ecology, behavior and migration in breeding and wintering areas has been obtained so far. At present, the artificial propagation and artificial insemination technology of red-crowned crane is mature. After1990s, the migration route of red-crowned crane has been made clear according to the research of environmental records and satellite tracking technology. Former name: ardea (grus) Japanese p.l.s.mü ller,1776 grus Japanese gmelin,1778 Antigone Montignsia Bonaparte,1854 Megalornis Japanese Wilder &; Hubbard, 1938

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Red-crowned Crane Stamps (15) In fact, the legendary crane is the red-crowned crane, which is a large wading bird living in swamps or shallow waters and is often called the "God of Wetlands". It has nothing to do with pine trees growing in high mountains and hills. Residents in East Asia use red-crowned cranes to symbolize happiness, auspiciousness, longevity and loyalty. It often appears in literature and art works of various countries. In the tombs of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the image of cranes appeared in sculptures. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, bronze bells and crane-shaped ritual vessels appeared. The elegant image of red-crowned crane in Taoism has become a symbol of longevity and immortality. At present, the State Forestry Administration of China has reported the red-crowned crane to the State Council as the only national bird candidate. A crane is a bird that lives in a swamp. It is a joke to draw it on a pine tree from a scientific point of view. Of course, in the cultural sense, it is another matter. Crane is oviparous. In ancient times, some people regarded it as a fairy bird and said it was viviparous (see Bao Zhao's Ode to Dancing Crane). But the mistake of crane viviparous statement has long been known. There is a record in the Record of Mo Ke Waving Rhinoceros: "Liu Yuancai is pedantic and strange, and he tastes and stores two cranes. When the guest arrived, he boasted:' This fairy bird is also, where birds lay eggs, this bird is viviparous.' Before he died, the gardener reported,' A crane lays an egg at midnight.' Yuan Cai said,' Dare to slander cranes!' A few days later, I extended my neck and fell to the ground, and I gave birth to an egg. Yuan Cai sighed,' The crane also lost its way, and I was mistaken by Liu Yuxi's good words.' "

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Red-crowned crane (Figure 5)

The crane is a large wading bird, which belongs to the upper layer of the food chain in the wetland environment and is the keystone species of wetland biodiversity. Ainu people in Hokkaido, Japan call the red-crowned crane living in Kushiro wetland "the God of Wetland". At present, the main threats they face are: habitat destruction. In the northeast and the Far East of China, the destruction of wetlands by human activities increased sharply after1960s. The reclamation of wetlands not only invaded the original habitat, but also blocked the originally connected water system. In addition, the climate in the Far East has become increasingly arid in recent years, and the water area has shrunk seriously. The pollution introduced by human activities also threatens the survival of red-crowned cranes. In addition, reclamation methods such as burning wasteland have seriously damaged the nest materials and shelters of red-crowned cranes, resulting in a narrower distribution. Poaching: Since there has been a demand for red-crowned cranes' feathers and organs in East Asia since ancient times, hunting is inevitable. Although in recent years, with the establishment of protection laws and regulations, direct hunting rarely occurs, the method of poisoning to hunt other waterfowl has become an important cause of death for red-crowned cranes. At present, the red-crowned crane is a national first-class protected animal, and the species recorded in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are endangered species, which are listed in Appendix I of CITES.

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The life span of red-crowned crane is as long as 50 to 60 years. People often paint it with pine trees as a symbol of longevity. The number of red-crowned cranes is scarce, and it has been listed as a first-class protected animal in China.

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The full text of Bao Zhao's "Fu on Dancing Crane" is scattered in the secluded classics to examine things, which is a fairy bird with great embryo. The clock is floating in the algae, holding a clear and bright heart. Pointing at the kettle and turning over the Han, looking at Kun and singing. Go back to the sun, and seek high in the poor days. It is far away to practice the god area, and there are many places to worship the spirit. Essence contains Dan and stars, and the top is purple and smoky. The leader's words are graceful, and the toes are repaired. Folding frost hairs and making shadows, vibrating jade feathers and coming into the sky. Play in Zhitian in the morning and drink in Yaochi in the evening. Tired of rivers and seas, you can swim in the river, but you can see the shackles behind the clouds. Going to the emperor's hometown is quiet, and it's a disgrace to the world. Years old and sorrowful, my heart is melancholy and sad. So the poor yin kills the festival, and the scenery is dying. The sand shakes the wild, and the wind moves the sky. Strict and bitter fog, bright and sad spring. The long river is clogged with ice and the mountains are covered with snow. Then the atmosphere was faint and the night rested, and the scenery was clear. When the stars turn back to the Han Dynasty, xiao yue will fall. In the morning of a cold chicken, pity the frost geese is against the desert. Facing the depression of the shocking wind, the light of the streamer is burning. The sound is clear in the danbang, and the dance flies in the golden pavilion. Even the porch to stagger, eventually turned to Yue Long. Wandering around, vibrating and destroying. Stunned and gathered, wings turned and snow flew. Don't go away from the outline, and you will be dependent on each other. If you stop, you will return. It' s a pity to care about it, and it' s delayed. Yi' ao followed in the footsteps, and he took the lead. Refers to the rules and regulations. The state has a legacy, and the appearance has no interest. The running machine is funny, and the angle is fractal. Long and slow, and wing to bother. The light traces are messy, and the floating shadows cross. Many people change their postures, and they are uneven and dense. If the smoke is foggy and condensed, there is no wool. The wind has gone and the rain has returned, and it is impossible to talk about it. I am wandering my eyes, but I don't know where it is. Suddenly the stars leave the clouds, and the whole god is self-sustaining. The worship of living in the sky is even more melancholy. When it's time, Yan Ji's color is falling, and Ba Tong's heart is ashamed. When the towel blows twice, the pill sword stops. Although Handan dares to be ethical, it is impossible to imitate Yang Ah. Entering the country and taking the porch, leaving Wudu and dumping the city. Defending and domesticating at the age of a thousand years leads to a long sorrow for Wan Li. There is a beautiful female college student named Xu Xiujuan whose father is a crane protection engineer in Zhalong Nature Reserve. When Xu Xiujuan was a child, he often helped his father feed the little cranes, and he fell in love with the red-crowned cranes imperceptibly. Xu Xiujuan lived with red-crowned cranes all the year round, and many red-crowned cranes became her friends. One of them always liked to stick to her, and she called it "Lai Maozi". One day, a reed cutter suddenly thought of poaching. When Lai Maozi approached him unsuspecting, he was suddenly grabbed by the neck and wanted to kill him. Fortunately, Xu Xiujuan, who was passing by here, heard its sad cry and rushed over desperately, and launched a desperate struggle with that man, only to finally get it back to life. From then on, Lai Maozi became more affectionate and attached to Xu Xiujuan ... After graduating from Xu Xiujuan University, he stayed in Yancheng Nature Reserve to work. Yancheng Nature Reserve is the main wintering ground for red-crowned cranes. If a non-migratory wild population of red-crowned cranes can be established there, it will be an important breakthrough to protect the endangered red-crowned crane population. Xu Xiujuan said goodbye to his relatives in tears for his career, and went to Yancheng not far from Wan Li. On this trip, as a gift, she took two red-crowned cranes to Yancheng. One day, these two red-crowned cranes, which usually have strong regularity, didn't return to their nests on time when it was dark. Because they were afraid of accidents, Xu Xiujuan, who didn't dare to care, looked for them for two days and two nights. But who would have thought that in the process of looking for them, she slipped into the swamp and never came up again. The fragility of life always makes people very helpless. A moment of separation may be a lifetime. When the two playful red-crowned cranes flew back, they never saw Xu Xiujuan, who had saved their lives. They could only wander around her, constantly lowering their heads with red crowns and sorting out her wet clothes with their long beaks ... Maybe they felt uncomfortable and blamed themselves for losing such a good friend. From then on, the two red-crowned cranes never stayed up all night. When Xu Xiujuan's body was buried on the beach in the reserve, they still like to stand on Xu Xiujuan's grave and bark "Hiccup … Hiccup", as if to tell her their thoughts. What's even more surprising is that from the day Xu Xiujuan died, Lai Maozi, who was far away in Zhalong Nature Reserve, became unhappy from then on, always moaning to the south all day long, and soon died without a cause.