Unlike short-acting antihypertensive drugs that need to be taken several times a day, patients are prone to forget to take them or miss them, and their blood pressure is prone to fluctuation, fluctuating from one day to the next, which may result in patients not adhering to the treatment and eventually experiencing serious complications such as hypertensive nephropathy, hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and so on, which will lead to a lot of troubles.
What are the long and effective antihypertensive drugs?
1, calcium channel blocking drugs: on behalf of the long-acting antihypertensive drugs are amlodipine benzenesulfonate, levitra, felodipine extended-release tablets, the half-life of these drugs are relatively long, under normal circumstances, 7 10 days of continuous use of blood antihypertensive drug concentration to reach a stable state, in order to play the maximum antihypertensive effect
2, beta-blocking drugs: on behalf of the drug Carvedilol and Bisabolol, the two drugs are long-lasting and good for the health of the patient, but also for the health of the patient, the patient's health is very important. Both drugs are long-acting antihypertensive drugs, as long as you take once a day, you can maintain the effect of the drug up to 24 hours
3, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocking drugs (ARB): representative of the drug Benadryl, fosinopril, perindopril and valacyclovir, etc., which are antihypertensive drugs, the role of the drug can be sustained for 24 hours
4, diuretic Antihypertensive drugs: such as indapamide (Shoubishan)
Usually, taking these antihypertensive drugs, although the first few days of medication to lower blood pressure, but the effect of lowering blood pressure is generally not immediate, mainly because these antihypertensive drugs to achieve a stable blood pressure lowering effect usually takes about 1 week, we also often encountered this situation, began to take the first few days of the drug to lower blood pressure is not obvious, and also has been Suspected that the reason for the measurement or the patient is not sensitive to this antihypertensive drugs, are thinking of replacing the antihypertensive program, but in the patient waiting to observe a day or two, the blood pressure down, here to say is that if you encounter this situation, do not prematurely replace the antihypertensive program, wait a little while, things will often be dark and bright.
Of course, nothing is absolute, if there is a hypertensive crisis and other life-threatening selection of long-acting antihypertensive drugs is not appropriate, then you need to choose a short-acting antihypertensive drugs and even some patients have to use antihypertensive drugs intravenously, in a short period of time to the safety of the level of blood pressure, and wait until the patient's blood pressure stabilized in the transition to the use of long-acting antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure.
Hypertension can lead to atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, kidney disease and other complications, and controlling blood pressure to a normal level can reduce the incidence of these complications.
Lowering blood pressure requires consistency and smoothness for greater benefit. Therefore, antihypertensive drugs are also generally recommended for longer-acting antihypertensive drugs, which have a smoother effect on lowering blood pressure.
Generally speaking, antihypertensive drugs that can stabilize blood pressure by taking them once a day can be regarded as long-acting antihypertensive drugs. There are two main types, one is the long half-life of the drug, taking a long time to play in the body; the other type of drug itself metabolism time is not long, but through the slow-release or controlled-release technology to achieve the drug can play a role in a longer period of time, the name of these antihypertensive drugs is often with slow-release or controlled-release of the word.
The following from the commonly used classes of antihypertensive drugs in detail, the clinical actually have those commonly used long-lasting antihypertensive drugs:
First, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, commonly known as sartans.
This type of drug has a long half-life and is a long-acting antihypertensive drug that can be taken only once a day.
Commonly used: valsartan, terminal half-life of 9 hours, the effect can last 24 hours;
Timosartan, terminal half-life of 20 hours, the inhibitory effect of angiotensin II up to 24-48 hours;
In addition to the commonly used: chloretzane, terminal half-life of 6-9 hours; Candesartan, terminal half-life of 9-13 hours, Irbesartan, terminal half-life of 11-13 hours, Irbesartan, terminal half-life of 11-13 hours. which has a terminal half-life of 11-15 hours. They are also all antihypertensive drugs taken once a day.
Second, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, commonly known as prilosec.
Similar to the sartans, most of the pulses are long-acting antihypertensive drugs. Commonly used are perindopril, ramipril, fosinopril, benazepril and so on. Fosinopril has a half-life of 11.5-14 hours; perindopril also has a 24-hour potency, and benadryl has a terminal half-life of 22 hours, making these long-acting antihypertensive drugs that can be taken once a day. However, it is important to note that the first generation of Prilosec captopril is a short-acting antihypertensive drug, and the second generation of Prilosec enalapril is a medium-acting antihypertensive drug.
Third, calcium antagonists, commonly known as diphenhydramine class.
Amlodipine benzenesulfonate, with a terminal half-life of 30-50 hours, is a "real" long-acting antihypertensive drug.
In addition, there are some calcium antagonists that have a shorter half-life but are made into sustained-release or controlled-release tablets, which are also used as long-acting antihypertensive drugs. These include: nifedipine controlled-release tablets/extended-release tablets; felodipine extended-release tablets, nicardipine hydrochloride extended-release capsules, etc. Due to the extended-release or controlled-release effect of these drug release systems, the long-lasting and smooth antihypertensive effect is also achieved when the drug is actually used.
Fourth, beta-blockers, commonly known as Lorazepam.
Most of the drugs in this category are short-acting drugs, but some of them are made into extended-release preparations, such as metoprolol tartrate extended-release tablets;
Bisoprolol is a long-acting antihypertensive drug, its plasma half-life is 10-12 hours, and it can maintain the effect of lowering blood pressure in the plasma for 24 hours.
Fifth, some compound antihypertensive
Such as sartans and puri and diuretics or diphenhydramine compound preparation, also belongs to the long-acting antihypertensive drugs.
People can choose their own suitable antihypertensive drugs according to their own blood pressure level, whether there is a combination of other chronic diseases and so on. The purpose of lowering blood pressure is first of all to meet the standard, and smooth is very critical.
Blood pressure is not the lower the better, the faster the better, but the blood pressure should be gradually controlled to the target value, and the blood pressure should be stable, and the fluctuation of the blood pressure within a day should not be too big. Therefore, long-acting antihypertensive drugs are the best choice.
What is a long-acting antihypertensive drug:
Long-acting antihypertensive drugs, only need to be taken once a day. Advantages: ① control 24 hours of blood pressure is stable, the damage to blood vessels is lighter; ② convenient to take the medicine, not easy to forget.
Antihypertensive drugs are commonly used in five categories, which belong to the long-acting preparations:
(1) calcium channel antagonists, known as "so-and-so diphenhydramine"
There are nifedipine controlled-release tablets, felodipine, amlodipine, and so on.
(2) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, known as "so-and-so Pril"
Enalapril, Benazepril, Ramipril, Lenopril, Perindopril, Fosinopril, Trandolapril, Midazolam and so on.
Note: Captopril is not a long-acting agent and needs to be taken 2 3 times a day.
(3) Angiotensin inhibitors, known as "so-and-so sartans"
All sartans are long-acting agents, such as chloretin, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, timosartan, irbesartan, olmesartan, alirosartan, eprosartan, and so on.
(4) Diuretics:
Hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, amiloride, etc., which are long-acting.
(5) Beta-blockers
Belonging to the long-acting ones are metoprolol extended-release tablets, bisoprolol.
Dr. Duan especially reminds:
(1) short- and medium-acting antihypertensive drugs can be taken, but it is necessary to take 2 or 3 times a day, which is more troublesome, and the fluctuation of blood pressure is also large.
(2) Antihypertensive drugs must be taken for a long time.
(3) If an antihypertensive drug cannot control blood pressure to normal, it is better to combine other kinds of antihypertensive drugs, and take small doses. Large doses of a single drug are generally not recommended.
(4) Please check your antihypertensive medication: whether it is a long-acting preparation and whether it is taken as often as prescribed.
Nowadays, the majority of hypertensive patients are elderly, and short-acting drugs are taken twice a day, which is easier to forget, so the long acting formulations are the first to be promoted in the four categories of antihypertensive drugs recommended by the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of High Blood Pressure at the Primary Level ABCD.
Now, in addition to the long-acting preparations, we also recommend compound preparations, one a day is very convenient, and these drugs are also very popular with patients, such as Xanthan amlodipine tablets, etc.
The long-lasting preparations are also recommended.
Long-acting antihypertensive drugs are characterized by a slow onset of action, but the effect is long. Hypertension is a chronic disease, for patients, need to take drugs to control blood pressure to reach the target standard, so more often choose the long-acting preparation.
Reasons for recommending long-acting medications There are many long-acting medications recommended by the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension at the Primary Level, and we need to choose medications based on our own actual situation.
In addition to the use of medication, patients with hypertension need to adhere to a healthy lifestyle intervention, and only in this way, medication control up to the standard blood pressure can be stabilized in the long term.
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Now in the clinical use of other drugs are generally eaten twice a day, or three times a day, because it needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation, and in the state of other diseases, only to control the blood pressure is relatively stable, in order to better solve the problem of other diseases, so in the process of hospitalization, certainly eat some relatively promotional blood pressure medication, but after going home, you need to change to a more stable blood pressure. But when you go home, you need to change to a long-acting antihypertensive drug.
Now, as technology continues to advance, there are several types of long-acting and effective antihypertensive medications that are commonly used in clinical settings.
The first most commonly used is nifedipine controlled-release tablets, we must be differentiated from nifedipine tablets, nifedipine extended-release tablets, and must pay attention to the fact that it is a controlled-release tablet.
This can only need to eat once a day, and the effect is still relatively good.
But the dosage of the drug must be adjusted with the actual situation, if indeed the blood pressure control is not stable also need to increase the amount.
The second most commonly used is valsartan or irbesartan and so on, relatively speaking, the effect is relatively slow, the effect of time, long a day only need to take a pill orally.
But also need to be adjusted according to the actual blood pressure.
Overall, the regulation of blood pressure is a long process, to be adjusted in a day or two, very stable is impossible, and there are a variety of precautions, blood pressure is with the fluctuations of different situations.
I wish you all the best!
We often say that patients with high blood pressure should choose long-lasting antihypertensive drugs, this is also from the consideration of medication compliance, long-lasting antihypertensive drugs, on the one hand, only need to be taken once a day, which can greatly reduce the chance of antihypertensive drugs misuse and leakage; on the other hand, the long-lasting antihypertensive drugs are often long-lasting, and the control of the blood pressure is more stable. On the other hand, long-lasting antihypertensive drugs have a long-lasting effect and provide better control of blood pressure. Therefore, the selection of long-lasting drugs is an important principle to improve the long-term drug compliance of hypertensive patients and maintain stable blood pressure.
To introduce you to some of the common antihypertensive drugs long-lasting oral pharmaceutical preparations
1. CCB drugs, a variety of diphenhydramine is the most common, this type of drug in the long-lasting antihypertensive drugs is the most common amlodipine, which is the drug half-life of up to 35 to 50 hours, ordinary tablets will be able to effectively in 24 hours of smooth control of blood pressure; in addition to amlodipine, lasidipine, In addition to amlodipine, lacidipine, leucodipine and other drugs with long organizational half-life also belong to long-acting antihypertensive drugs; in addition, there are some drugs belong to the short-acting drugs, due to the special pharmaceutical dosage form, they can also play a long-acting antihypertensive effect, such as nifedipine controlled-release tablets, felodipine extended-release tablets and so on. The clinical application of diphenhydramine drugs is very wide, in the treatment of primary hypertension, salt-sensitive hypertension control, control of senile hypertension, etc., have a very wide range of applications, is a good antihypertensive effect, but also has the role of anti-atherosclerotic antihypertensive drugs.
2. ACEI drugs, this kind of drug name with Puli two words, this kind of drug in addition to the oldest captopril, other drugs such as enalapril, benazepril, ramipril, lynopril, fosinopril and so on, belong to the long-lasting antihypertensive drugs. In addition to lowering blood pressure, Prilosec drugs have a certain protective effect on the heart and kidneys, for diabetes combined with hypertension, diabetic nephropathy combined with hypertension, heart failure combined with hypertension, etc., are very widely used antihypertensive drugs.
3. ARB drugs, this kind of drug name with sartan, chlorosartan potassium, valsartan, olmesartan ester, candesartan ester, timosartan and so on belong to this kind of drug, all the sartans belong to the long-acting antihypertensive drugs, its mechanism of action is similar to that of Puli drugs, so the clinical application is also similar, but sartans usually do not have Puli type of drugs may cause dry cough, can be used as a Puli type of drugs, and can be used as an antihypertensive drug. Adverse reactions, can be used as an alternative drug to Pulidoids.
4. Beta-blockers, these drugs can not only lower blood pressure, but also effectively control the heart rate, relieve angina, and protect the heart, common long-acting drugs are metoprolol extended-release tablets (betalactam), bisoprolol, nebivolol and so on, which are long-acting medications that can be taken once a day. For patients with hypertension combined with heart failure, hypertension combined with heart attack, hypertension combined with tachycardia atrial fibrillation, these drugs are commonly used antihypertensive drugs.
5. Diuretics, diuretics are an old class of antihypertensive drugs, but also very commonly used antihypertensive drugs, often combined with other antihypertensive drugs for synergistic antihypertensive. In this kind of drugs, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, spironolactone, etc. belong to the long-acting diuretic drugs, also can be taken once a day. For geriatric hypertension, refractory hypertension, initial treatment of hypertension, salt-sensitive hypertension, the application of diuretics is also very wide.
6. Compound long-acting preparations, hypertension often requires joint drug control, there are many fixed compound long-acting drug preparations on the market to control hypertension, so that once a day to take the drug, it is equal to taking two drugs to control blood pressure, for the need to combine the medication for patients with high blood pressure, is also a good choice. From the traditional older drugs compound lisinopril tablets, Beijing antihypertensive 0, etc., to the newer compound preparations, such as chlorosartan hydrochlorothiazide, timosartan hydrochlorothiazide, valsartan amlodipine, lynopril hydrochlorothiazide, amlodipine benadryl and other medications, are all long-lasting antihypertensive drugs, high blood pressure patients can choose to apply according to the actual situation.
The latest "China Cardiovascular Report 2018" pointed out that China currently has 245 million hypertension, for hypertension, we have been advocating the choice of long-acting smooth antihypertensive drugs, because long-acting antihypertensive drugs are not only easy to take, as long as once a day, but more importantly, long-acting antihypertensive drugs to control the blood pressure is more stable, to reduce and avoid the damage caused by large fluctuations in blood pressure on the human body.
At present, most of the long acting antihypertensive drugs are available in hospitals and on the market. Let's remember a few common short-acting antihypertensive drugs: nifedipine tablets, nifedipine delayed-release tablets I, nifedipine delayed-release tablets II, nicardipine, nifedipine, captopril, metoprolol tartrate, which are more commonly used in the short-acting antihypertensive drugs at present. There is also the fact that we can read the instructions, once a day is the long acting one and twice or three times a day is the short acting one. We recommend taking once-a-day antihypertensive drugs.
Specific medication, it is difficult for us to such a one-size-fits-all answer, let's first look at the special medication for different ages:
Teenagers and children antihypertensive drugs to be cautious, less than 18 years old, if you want to use antihypertensive medication:
1, Pulse is one of the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs for children, was approved for children only captopril.
2. Diuretics, approved for use in children include amphotericin, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, and furosemide.
3. Approved medications for children include amlodipine.
4. Approved pediatric drugs include propranolol, atenolol, and prazosin.
5. There are no approved pediatric drugs for sartans.
Elderly people should also pay attention to the use of drugs, people older than 65 years old:
Diuretics, sartans, puri, diphenhydramine can be used as the first choice, but many people will be combined with a lot of diseases in the clinic, then we have to consider the other diseases and then decide to use what antihypertensive drugs, generally no special circumstances Lorazepam is not used as the first choice of antihypertensive drugs.
Five categories of antihypertensive drugs more commonly used long-acting antihypertensive drugs:
Diphenhydramine: nifedipine controlled-release tablets, nifedipine sustained-release tablets III, amlodipine benzenesulfonate, levodipine benzenesulfonate, amlodipine maleate, felodipine, leucovorin, lasixetrapine, benedryl and so on are long-acting antihypertensive drugs once a day. Dipyridamole is suitable for simple high systolic blood pressure, and salt-sensitive hypertension, with common side effects such as swollen feet, panic, red face, and swollen teeth.
Prilosec: Benadryl, Enalapril, Perindopril, Fosinopril, Lenopril and so on are also long-acting antihypertensive drugs that can be used once a day. Suitable for patients with combined cardiac insufficiency, heart failure, and patients with diabetes, kidney disease, common side effects dry cough.
Sartan: Sartan antihypertensive drugs are long-acting antihypertensive drugs, chlorosartan potassium, valsartan, olmesartan ester, candesartan ester, timosartan, irbesartan and so on. They are generally applied as Priligy when there are side effects.
Lorazepam:Metoprolol succinate, Bisoprolol fumarate, not only lowers blood pressure, but also controls heart rate, relieves angina pectoris, treats heart failure, and prevents and treats arrhythmias. Common side effects Bradycardia, aggravation of asthma, male ED.
Diuretics:Hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, spironolactone and so on belong to the long-acting diuretic drugs, and also can be taken once a day. Diuretics are also widely used in the treatment of senile hypertension, refractory hypertension, initial treatment of hypertension, and salt-sensitive hypertension. Although it is a long-acting antihypertensive drug, but generally not as a stand-alone use, in recent years in the combination of drugs is, diuretics are more effective. Side effects are caused by electrolyte disorders.
Of course, in the clinical selection of antihypertensive drugs, the main principle is the long-lasting smooth, but specific to each person, we must combine the blood pressure, according to the age, gender, combined with diabetes, angina pectoris, renal disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and so on comprehensive selection of medication.
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Many hypertensive patients need to take long-term antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure, in order to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. One of the principles of choosing antihypertensive drugs is to choose a long-acting preparation, on the one hand, to avoid missing doses, better patient compliance, on the other hand, to avoid excessive fluctuations in blood pressure, you can more smoothly control blood pressure.
What are the long-acting antihypertensive drugs?
1. Calcium channel blockers: Nifedipine extended-release tablets or controlled-release tablets, amlodipine or levonorgestrel and felodipine extended-release tablets are commonly used in the clinic for blood pressure maintenance of antihypertensive medications, the effect of this type of drugs is reliable, especially for elderly hypertensive patients.
2. ACEI or ARB: Most of the Prilosec and sartans are long-acting preparations, which can be taken only once a day to maintain blood pressure well throughout the day, and the commonly used ones are enalapril, perindopril, ramipril, chloretin, valsartan and irbesartan. It is important to note that captopril is a short-acting agent, and that sartans have fewer adverse effects than prilosec.
3. Beta-blockers: Metoprolol extended-release tablets and Bisoprolol are long-acting antihypertensive drugs for hypertensive patients with fast heart rate, but should not be used in patients with bronchial asthma or slow heart rate.
4. Diuretics: Hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide are both long-acting preparations with low price and better efficacy. Hydrochlorothiazide is contraindicated in patients with gout, and long-term use of diuretics may cause electrolyte disorders.
It is generally recommended that antihypertensive drugs be taken early in the morning each day for better control of morning peak blood pressure. The disadvantage of long-acting antihypertensive drugs is that they are slow to take effect, and generally need to be taken for a full week to achieve the maximum antihypertensive effect. However, for hypertensive emergencies that require rapid blood pressure reduction, short-acting preparations such as captopril or nifedipine generic tablets (phased out) can be used.
A good antihypertensive drug should satisfy two basic conditions, first: long duration of antihypertensive effect, and second: small fluctuation of blood concentration and smooth lowering of blood pressure. In addition, it should also have fewer adverse effects and be well tolerated by patients. If, in addition to lowering blood pressure, it also has a protective effect on the heart, kidneys and other important organs, it would be the icing on the cake.
At present, the commonly used clinical antihypertensive drugs mainly include Prilosec angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, sartan angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists, diphenhydramine calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers such as metoprolol, and thiazide diuretics, such as small-dose hydrochlorothiazide. Each class of drugs has a specific antihypertensive mechanism of action, there are the most suitable for the use of the population, it does not matter who is good and who is bad, such as Prilosec or sartans are best suited to patients with hypertension accompanied by left ventricular hypertrophy, or diabetic nephropathy, β-receptor antagonists are best suited to hypertension combined with fast heart rate, chronic heart failure population. Between the various varieties of each class of drugs, due to the differences in the chemical structure of the side chain and the different characteristics of pharmacokinetics, there are more or less different in the intensity of blood pressure reduction and the duration of blood pressure reduction effect.
Sartans
Sartans, from the point of view of the half-life of the drug alone, the half-life of timosartan is the longest up to 20 hours, and the drug has a strong lipid solubility and tissue penetration and AT1 receptor affinity is higher, the antagonism of angiotensin 2 is more powerful, with a strong, long-lasting characteristics, although the half-life of the drug is long and the antihypertensive effect is strong, but there is a short board, that is, the slow onset of action, it takes four to four years, and it is not easy to get the effect. It's a slow start, it takes four to eight weeks to get the maximum antihypertensive effect, so don't rush to consider increasing the dosage of the drug if your blood pressure doesn't reach the standard during the initial use.
Prilosec
Prilosec, the longest half-life is perindopril, half-life up to 30-120 hours, followed by Qundopril and Ranipril, but the half-life is not the only factor that determines the length and intensity of the drug to lower blood pressure, the effect of good or bad blood pressure in addition to look at the drug's blood concentration to maintain the time, it is more important to look at the drug on the tissue affinity. How, the drug's high tissue affinity, in order to better inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme of different tissues (blood vessels, heart, kidneys), play the role of antihypertensive and cardiac and renal protection. For example, compared with other varieties, the variety enalapril containing carboxyl group in the chemical structure has higher affinity for tissues, while captopril containing sulfhydryl group and fosinopril containing phosphate group have weaker affinity for tissues than enalapril.
Calcium channel blockers
Calcium channel blockers mainly include a variety of diphenhydramine drugs, such as amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, etc., which has the longest half-life is amlodipine, half-life of up to 30-50 hours, can basically maintain 24 hours a day control of blood pressure, nifedipine controlled-release tablets using a special controlled-release technology of the other drugs within 24 hours, smooth and uniform slow release. Nifedipine controlled-release tablets use special controlled-release technology to release the drug smoothly and slowly within 24 hours, theoretically, it can also obtain a smooth and long-lasting blood pressure-lowering effect within 24 hours, but due to the influence of the level of controlled-release technology, there may be a big difference between the products of different manufacturers in maintaining long-lasting blood pressure-lowering effect.
Beta-blockers
Beta-blockers are commonly used in the form of metoprolol and bisoprolol, and there are many other types of beta-blockers, such as metoprolol tartrate and metoprolol succinate. Metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets and other different dosage forms, with metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets being the most excellent, metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets can be released at an almost constant rate for about 20 hours, with a smooth blood concentration, providing a long-lasting and smooth blood pressure lowering effect. When compared to Metoprolol Tartrate Flat Tablets, Metoprolol Succinate Extended-Release Tablets need to be taken only once a day, both before and after meals, and can be broken up, while Metoprolol Flat Tablets need to be taken 2-3 times, before meals. Metoprolol tartrate is not useless, in patients with fast heart rates who need rapid heart rate control, metoprolol tartrate works faster than metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets, acting more rapidly and providing more pronounced symptomatic relief. Bisoprolol fumarate is more selective for β1 and β2 receptors than metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets. In the treatment of chronic heart failure that requires heart rate control, bisoprolol fumarate has a stronger inhibitory effect on the cardiac β1 receptor, which is more effective in controlling heart rate, and has less effect on the β2 receptor on the smooth muscle of the bronchial tubes, so that it is suitable for the treatment of chronic heart failure in the combination with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other people with airway hyperresponsiveness. Bisoprolol fumarate is more favorable than metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets.
Diuretics
Diuretics used to lower blood pressure in clinical practice include thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide and thiazide-like diuretics such as indapamide. Hydrochlorothiazide is seldom used as an antihypertensive drug alone, and is usually used in combination with prilosec or sartans because of the adverse effects of these drugs on metabolism factors such as glucose, blood lipids, uric acid, and potassium. Thiazide diuretics are advocated to be used in small doses in combination with other drugs. Diuretics are suitable for elderly hypertension, high salt intake and salt-sensitive hypertension, combined with chronic heart failure hypertension, but also refractory hypertension patients with one of the basic drugs.
Hypertension is currently an incurable chronic disease, and need to take long-term medication to control blood pressure, hypertension is mainly due to aging, irrational diet, smoking and drinking, mental depression, heredity, and some of the lesions caused by the vascular systolic and diastolic blood pressure are elevated a kind of lesions.
Hypertension for a long time and control is not stable will also lead to the emergence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular lesions, renal lesions, fundus lesions and other diseases, and so far the medication of hypertension is also a difficult problem, some of the combination of a lot of complications of hypertension patients with medication and its difficulties, high blood pressure will lead to the human body to appear dizziness, headache, palpitations, weakness, numbness of the limbs, chest tightness, and other symptoms, and some of them are very good blood pressure, but symptoms are not obvious. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal on a new product or service, and you'll be able to get it.
The application of high blood pressure medication in the attention of diet and rest on the basis of the recommended long-lasting antihypertensive drugs is better, is conducive to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease, the following small grams of popularization of the long-lasting antihypertensive drugs for everyone what?
1, diuretics (dihydrochlorothiazide, indapamide and other drugs), generally to reduce systolic blood pressure is the main, mainly for elderly patients with hypertension with heart failure.
2, beta-blockers (metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol), mainly for heart failure, tachyarrhythmia, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction patients, but asthma and diabetic peripheral vasculopathy can not be used in this kind of drug.
3, calcium antagonists (nifedipine tablets, nimodipine, amlodipine tablets), is conducive to blocking the internal transfer of calcium ions, and is suitable for patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and arrhythmia.
4, ACEI and ARB drugs (timosartan, valsartan), this kind of drug is currently more widely used drugs, for diabetes, renal disease combined with hypertension, left heart insufficiency, heart failure, myocardial infarction patients with good efficacy.
These drugs are generally drug half-life is more than 24 hours, so the drug maintenance time is long, good efficacy, and can smoothly control the blood pressure, is conducive to preventing the night and morning blood pressure is too high caused by sudden death.