The stool of breast-fed children is yellow or golden yellow, even like ointment, but it has no odor, and there are many defecations, usually 2~4 times a day, and some as many as 7~8 times. This is called physiological diarrhea. Parents don't have to worry, this is a normal phenomenon, and this diarrhea will disappear automatically when the child grows up to a certain period of time. Children fed with milk have less stools, which are 1~2 times a day, with a slight odor.
Even if a newborn child doesn't eat anything, he will usually have black and green stool after 10~ 12 hours. After feeding for 3~4 days, the stool is yellow-green, which is called transitional stool, and then it is gradually yellow stool. If the baby has no meconium excretion within 24 hours after birth, or there is still no normal stool excretion in about 4~5 days, please consult a doctor in time.
Some infants have more frequent stools and less stools, and they are mostly green and sticky. Among them, there are fewer milk flaps, indicating that children eat too much and should gradually reduce the amount of milk. Some people still have diarrhea after reducing the amount of milk, which may be hunger diarrhea, and the amount of milk should be increased appropriately.
If a child fed with milk has a hard stool and a bad smell, it shows that the milk is fed too much and the sugar is low, so some sugar should be added to the milk; If there is too much sugar, the baby's stool will be foamed, which will be yellow and sour, so the amount of sugar should be reduced appropriately and the amount of milk should be increased.
If infants and young children have been discharging gray stools since birth, and never have yellow stools, and the urine is yellow, it is likely to be caused by congenital biliary obstruction. When infants and young children have intestinal infection, they should take their children to the hospital for examination in time if they have frequent stools, watery stools, smelly stools with mucus, vomiting, anorexia, fever and even dehydration.
The frequency and texture of infants' stools often reflect their digestive function. If parents can pay attention to the observation of the texture, color sample and frequency of infants' stools and correctly identify normal and abnormal stools, it will help to find the abnormalities of infants' digestive tract at an early stage and provide valuable clues for diagnosing diseases.
Normal stool
1, the main component of meconium is water, accounting for about 72%, which is composed of epithelial cells shed from fetal intestine, bile, concentrated digestive juice and swallowed amniotic fluid. Meconium is discharged for the first time within a few hours after birth (usually 10 hour), which is dark green and a little shiny, much like asphalt dissolved by the hot sun on the road in summer, odorless and odorless.
2. The feces of breast-fed infants are golden yellow, mostly uniform and mushy, with occasional small milk clots and sour taste, 2_3 times a day. Even if the stool reaches 3_5 times a day, the stool does not contain too much water and is mushy, which can also be regarded as normal.
3. Artificial feeding of baby feces For infants fed with milk (including milk powder) and goat's milk, the feces are light yellow, mostly shaped, and contain more milk clots, which are alkaline or neutral, with a large amount and stink, once a day 1_2 times.
4. Mixed feeding of baby feces The feces of breast-feeding and milk-feeding people are similar to those of milk-feeding people, but they are yellow and soft. After adding grain, eggs, meat, vegetables and other complementary foods, the fecal properties are close to those of adults, once a day.
Abnormal stool
Without changing the amount and type of food, the baby's stool frequency suddenly increases and thinning should be regarded as abnormal.
1, foamy stool
When eating too much starch or sugar food, it can increase the fermentation of food in the intestinal cavity, resulting in dark brown watery stool with foam.
2. Odd and smelly stool
Partial eclipse of food containing protein is too much, these protein can neutralize the gastric acid in the stomach, thus reducing the acidity of gastric juice, making protein unable to fully digest and absorb, coupled with the decomposition and metabolism of bacteria in the intestinal cavity, these babies' stools are often smelly.
3, shiny stool when eating too much fat, too much fatty acid will be produced in the intestinal cavity to stimulate the intestinal mucosa, so that the peristalsis of the intestine will increase, resulting in a yellowish liquid and a large amount of stool, sometimes the stool is shiny, and even it can slide in the bedpan.
4, green stool If the stool is green, the amount of feces is small and there is more mucus, which is hunger diarrhea.
In addition, some children who eat formula milk have dark green feces. The reason is that a certain amount of iron is added to formula milk. After these iron passes through the digestive tract and comes into contact with the air, it appears dark green.
5. Small patients with egg drop soup-like stool viral enteritis and pathogenic Escherichia coli enteritis often have egg drop soup-like stools.
6, tofu-like stool is often seen in enteritis caused by mold.
7, watery stools are more common in food poisoning and acute enteritis.
8. Gray stools Patients with biliary obstruction caused by various reasons will discharge gray stools. Medically, it is called clay stool. In addition, if you eat too much milk or too little sugar, the fatty acids produced will combine with the minerals calcium and magnesium in food to form fatty soap, and the feces can also be gray, hard and smelly.
9, tarry stool due to upper digestive tract or small intestine bleeding and stay in the intestine for a long time, because of the destruction of red blood cells, hemoglobin combined with sulfide in the intestine to form ferrous sulfide, so the stool is black; Because ferrous sulfide stimulates the intestinal mucosa to secrete more mucus, the feces are black and shiny, so it is called tarry stool, which is more common in bleeding caused by gastric and duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis.
Normal people eating foods containing iron such as animal blood and pig liver can also make the feces black, while taking bismuth, charcoal powder and some traditional Chinese medicines can also make the feces black, but it is generally gray-black and dull. Negative occult blood test can help identify it.
10, bright red bloody stool is bright red and does not mix with feces, but only adheres to the surface of feces or blood drips or ejects after defecation, suggesting that it is bleeding caused by anal or anal canal diseases, such as hemorrhoids, anal fissure, intestinal polyps and rectal tumors.
1 1, jam-like stool dark red jam-like stool is found in intussusception; Dark red jam-like purulent blood is seen in amebic dysentery.
12, mucopurulent blood is common in bacillary dysentery and campylobacter jejuni enteritis.
13, washing meat is watery and bloody, and has a special fishy smell, which is found in acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis.