1, 58 1, Emperor Wen of Sui (Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty) seized the Northern Zhou regime, established the Sui Dynasty, and made Chang 'an its capital.

2. In 589, the Sui Dynasty wiped out the Chen Dynasty and unified the north and south.

Since 605, Emperor Yangdi has opened a grand canal running through the north and south.

4. The Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty, with Luoyang as the center, reached Zhuojun in the north and Yuhang in the south, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers, was the longest canal in the ancient world.

5. The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty was divided into four sections: Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Han River, Jiangnan River and five major rivers: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River.

In 6/6 18, Emperor Yangdi was killed by the Ministry in Jiangdu, and the Sui Dynasty perished.

In 7, 6 18, Li Yuan set out in Taiyuan to fight against Sui Dynasty and entered Chang 'an to establish the Tang Dynasty.

8. The female emperor of our country is Wu Zetian, who proclaimed herself emperor in her later years and changed her country name to Zhou.

9. Emperor Taizong attached importance to developing production and reducing farmers' tax labor; Pay attention to the role of talented people and be open-minded coachable. He appointed Fang Xuanling, who is full of strategy, and Du Ruhui, who is good at breaking big things, as prime minister, and called him "Fang Mou Du Duan". Reuse the outspoken Wei Zhi as an admonisher.

10 During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the politics was relatively clear, the economy developed rapidly, and the national strength was gradually strengthened. The calendar called the rule at that time "the rule of chastity".

1 1 In the Tang Dynasty, the world's first tea monograph "Tea Classic" appeared, and the author Lu Yu was called "Tea God" by later generations.

12, promoted by Wu Zetian, was appointed as prime minister by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty's famous minister Yao Chong.

13, the ceramic industry has an important development in the Tang Dynasty, and Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain and Tang Sancai are the most famous. Tri-colored Tang Dynasty is a treasure of world crafts.

14 During the Tang Dynasty, the metropolises in China included Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu.

15, Chang 'an City is divided into Fanghe City, which is a residential area and the city is a prosperous commercial area.

16, Chang 'an was not only the center of ethnic exchanges at that time, but also an international metropolis.

17, the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "Kaiyuan Shengshi".

18, the selection of officials by subject examination began in the time of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. When Emperor Yangdi was in the Sui Dynasty, Jinshi was formally set up, and talents were selected according to examination results.

19. There were many permanent examination subjects in the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty, among which Jinshi and Mingjing were the most important.

20. The figures who perfected the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty were Emperor Taizong, Emperor Xuanzong and Wu Zetian.

2 1 The imperial examination system lasted for more than 1,300 years in China's feudal society and was not abolished until the end of the Qing Dynasty.

22. During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong and Wu Zetian, the government successively set up administrative and military institutions governing the western regions in today's X-Xinjiang region.

In the early period of the 23rd and 7th centuries, Songzan Gambo, an outstanding Tubo, unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and made its capital more logical.

24. In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong married Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gambu, which strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges between Tang and Fan and enhanced the friendly relations between Han and Tibet.

In the 25th and 8th centuries, the Tang Dynasty married Princess Jincheng to Tubo. At this point, Tubo and the Tang Dynasty have become "harmony as one family".

In the mid-26th and 8th centuries, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named the leader of Huihe as Huairen Khan, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named the leader of Nanzhao as the king of Yunnan.

27. Sui and Tang Dynasties were active in foreign exchanges, and they had contacts with some countries in Asia, Africa and Europe.

28. During the Tang Dynasty, China had frequent contacts with Tianzhu, and the most outstanding messenger was Xuanzang, a monk. He devoted himself to translating Buddhist scriptures, and also wrote "The Western Regions of Datang".

29, Xuanzong, Jian Zhen at the invitation of Japanese monks, eastward to Japan, until the sixth success. Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was regarded as a city in the world.

30. Many Silla businessmen came to China to do business, and Silla specialty ranked first in the import of Tang Dynasty.

3 1 The Zhao Zhouqiao designed and built by Li Chun, an outstanding craftsman in Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world.

32. The Diamond Sutra, printed in the Tang Dynasty, is the earliest existing block-printed product with exact date in the world.

33. Sun Simiao, an outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, devoted his life to writing "Thousand Golden Formulas", which was called "King of Medicine" by the late Buddha.

34. Grottoes developed greatly during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the most important one is the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in western Gansu today.

35./kloc-At the beginning of the 0/0 century, the leader of the Khitan, Bao Ji, unified the ministries of the Khitan and established the Khitan State, with its capital in Beijing.

36. 1 1 In the early century, Yuan Hao, the leader of the Tangut, was called the Emperor of Daxia, with Xingqing as its capital and Xixia as its history.

37. After 960, Zhao Kuangyin, a general of the Zhou Dynasty, launched a mutiny in Chen Qiaoyi and established Tokyo as its capital in the Song Dynasty, which was called the Northern Song Dynasty in history.

38. 1 127 Zhao Gou ascended the throne, with its capital in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty.

39. Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, defeated the Jin Army in Yancheng and recovered many lost lands.

40. The shipbuilding industry in Song Dynasty ranked first in the world. Guangzhou, Quanzhou and other places along the southeast coast have developed shipbuilding industry.

4 1 Zhancheng Rice, an excellent variety introduced from Vietnam in the Tang Dynasty, was quickly popularized in the south of the Yangtze River. Rice jumped to the top of grain output in the Song Dynasty, mainly producing in the south. Cotton planting has expanded from Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian to the Yangtze River basin. Tea trees are cultivated in hilly areas in the south of the Yangtze River.

42. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the silk fabrics in Sichuan were "No.is the best in the world". Jiangsu and Zhejiang have a high silk output, and many of the silks used by the imperial court come from Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

43. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangnan area has become the focus of China's porcelain industry. The ice-cracked porcelain fired in Zhejiang Geyao gives people a unique aesthetic feeling. Jingdezhen, which rose in the Northern Song Dynasty, later developed into a porcelain capital.

44. The commercial city in the Southern Song Dynasty was Lin 'an, which was far more prosperous than Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty.

45. The overseas trade in Song Dynasty became an important country engaged in overseas Chinese trade in the world at that time, and Guangzhou and Quanzhou were world-famous big commercial ports.

46. The government of the Yuan Dynasty encouraged overseas trade, and set up and managed shipping companies in major ports.

47. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaozi appeared in Sichuan, which was the earliest paper money in the world. The emergence of paper money is conducive to commercial development.

48. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, ordinary people could only wear black and white clothes. Due to the advocacy of scholar-officials, women's bad habit of foot binding.

49. Sheep were the most common meat in the Northern Song Dynasty; Eat more fish in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, pasta was the main food in the north and rice was the main food in the south.

50. Today's traditional festivals, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, were all held in the Song Dynasty. Song Dynasty called Spring Festival New Year's Day, and paid the most attention to it.

5 1, 1206, Mongolian aristocrats held a general meeting, elected Temujin as Khan, honorably called him Genghis Khan, and established Mongolia.

52. 127 1 year Kublai Khan made the country name Yuan, and 1272 made the capital Dadu. 1276 Yuan army occupied Lin 'an and the Southern Song Dynasty perished.

53. Most of the Yuan Dynasty were both political centers and world-famous commercial metropolises. Italian traveler Marco? Poirot's book Kyle. Polo's travels. Described the bustling scene of the metropolis.

54. In the Yuan Dynasty, in order to exercise effective rule over the whole country, Yuan Shizu set up a provincial secretariat in the central government and a provincial secretariat in the local government. The Yuan government strengthened its jurisdiction over X Tibet, and X Tibet became the official administrative region of the Yuan Dynasty. It also strengthened its jurisdiction over Ryukyu.

55. Movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng in the Northern Song Dynasty, which greatly promoted the spread of culture. Movable type printing appeared in Europe in the15th century, about 400 years later than in China.

The compass is a great invention of our people. As early as the Warring States Period, people made Sina, the earliest guide instrument in the world. In the Northern Song Dynasty, a compass was made and began to be used in navigation. In the Southern Song Dynasty, overseas trade was developed, and compasses were widely used in navigation.

57. Gunpowder was invented by an alchemist in ancient China. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military and in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Gunpowder weapons were widely used in wars, mainly including muskets, rockets and artillery.

58. The scientific achievements of Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty in China, include Meng Xi Bi Tan and the creation of "Twelve Qi Calendars". Guo Shoujing, an astronomer and water conservancy expert in the Yuan Dynasty in China, made scientific achievements as follows: A year was measured as 365.2425 days in the Service Calendar, which was basically the same as the current Gregorian calendar, but about 300 years earlier than the establishment of the current Gregorian calendar.

59. Sima Guang of the Northern Song Dynasty was an ancient historian in China. Zi Zhi Tong Jian is a chronological masterpiece of general history, describing the history from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties.

60. Guo Xi, a landscape painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Li Gonglin called it "the first painting in the Song Dynasty", Zhang Zeduan's work "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", and the most famous painter in the Yuan Dynasty was Zhao Mengyu, whose works were called "masterpieces".