Precious beef cattle may be worth thousands of dollars. Many people think that beef cattle belong to Japan. Of course, the Japanese side also said that "only cattle raised and grown in Japan can be called beef cattle", but with the improvement of the quality of Australian beef cattle, Australian beef cattle are increasingly recognized.

In fact, since 200 1, China has banned the import of Japanese beef, so the so-called "and cattle" seen in China are basically Australian and cattle.

So, how did Japan and cattle come from?

Before the Meiji Restoration, Japanese seldom ate beef. Productivity was underdeveloped at that time. In order to protect farming, Emperor Tianwu of Japan issued a "meat ban order" in 675 AD, that is, animals such as cattle, horses, dogs, apes and chickens were banned from April to September every year; Influenced by the introduction of Buddhism and Japanese Shintoism at that time, they advocated vegetarianism, thinking that beef was unclean, and people with status disdained eating beef. Japan faces the sea and is rich in all kinds of seafood resources. At that time, the diet also liked light and elegant diets such as fish, and the proportion of meat in Japanese recipes was extremely low.

At that time, there were few shops selling beef in Japan, all of which were the lowest shops. Only poor students and poor students are frequent visitors there. It was not until 1854 that American Perry's black boat knocked on the door of Japan, and the Meiji government began to promote meat as an important means to improve Japanese physique and civilization.

1872, Emperor Meiji took the lead in serving a chopstick of beef, and eating beef became a trend. At the same time, Mr. Fukuzawa Yukichi, the "father of Japanese modern education", is also the initiator of the "Meat Eating Movement". He published two editorial articles in the newspaper, On Meat and Must Eat Meat, advocating the benefits of eating meat.

Thanks to the vigorous promotion of these celebrities and dignitaries, eating beef immediately began to become a new social fashion, equivalent to "rich country Qiang Bing" and "civilization", and various beef restaurants sprang up like mushrooms after rain.

After the ban on meat, people's love for beef reached its peak. Only 1879, the Japanese ate more than 30,000 cows.

Cattle originally used for farming and transportation in Japan were not beef cattle. Although they have unique first frost characteristics, they are small in size and produce less meat, and the domestic cattle resources in Japan are gradually in short supply. Therefore, in order to increase beef production, the Japanese government began to encourage the introduction of foreign excellent cattle breeds to cross with domestic cattle, and finally obtained high-quality beef cattle with large physique, high meat production, short feeding cycle and obvious first frost. The expression "He Niu" was born at this time to distinguish it from foreign cattle breeds.

So the so-called purebred and cattle are actually hybrids from the beginning.

However, as a result of excessive hybridization, the first frost gene of native cattle was gradually diluted, and the Japanese government quickly took measures after discovering this sign. After systematically sorting out all kinds of cattle breeds, in the 1950s, four breeds of black-haired cattle, brown-haired cattle, short-horned cattle and hornless cattle were finally established as harmonious cattle, and it was forbidden for these harmonious cattle to cross with foreign cattle breeds to ensure their pure pedigree.

Although these four brands are the most famous, there are more than 150 brands registered in all parts of Japan.

Japanese and cattle grades

Regarding the grading of beef cattle, the Japanese, who are extremely serious about food, have formulated very strict and meticulous grading standards. Japan's beef grading system is formulated by the Japan Meat Association, which is graded according to four indicators: muscle color, fat color, meat relaxation and fat heterozygosity. Each index is divided into 1-5 grades, and the final grade of beef is not determined by the average value, but by the minimum value. A harmonious cow can only be called A5 harmonious cow if all four indexes reach 5.

"Fat heterozygosity" is a favorite index of Japanese people, so it is subdivided into 1- 12 grades. The higher the grade, the more obvious the first frost characteristics.

How did Japan and cattle spread to Australia?

For a long time, Japan almost banned the export of beef and cattle breeds, but in the 1970s, Japan rarely exported beef and cattle breeds to the United States, so Australia had the opportunity to develop beef and cattle.

At present, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada and Scotland all have black hair and cattle breeding industries, which are very close to Japan and cattle in terms of bloodline, but different breeding methods, different certification levels and different quality available in the market.

Australian purebred and cattle pedigree mainly come from some cattle breeds with the best genes in Japan and cattle-Tadao, Fujiji and Kedaka, among which Tadao has a higher proportion. After a long process of nearly half a century, Australian purebred and cattle have been grazing in the traditional Japanese way, and the cattle produced can be said to be 100% Japanese cattle.

Growing up in Australia's vast pastures, our life is extremely comfortable without anyone or other creatures disturbing us. Therefore, Australian cattle can produce tender and juicy beef with mellow taste and even and rich marbles, and its meat quality has got a high score of 12, making it one of the top beef in the world.

Australian and cattle grades

Australian beef grading is to evaluate and grade marbling according to the marble reference standard of Australian Meat Specification Authority. According to the Australian national standard, the butter flower grades are divided into MB0~MB9 grades (m10/m1/m12, etc. ), and the higher the grade, the better the quality of oil flower.

The amount of oil flower in different parts of the cow is not the same, so the middle point, that is, the cross section between the naked eye and Xilong (between 1 1 and 12 ribs), is taken to judge the oil flower grade of the whole cow. That is to say, if the cross section of a cow at this position is judged as MB7, then all other parts of the cow are MB7.

According to the standards recognized by the two countries and cattle, A5 is basically recognized as the highest grade and cattle, while Australia's M9 grade and cattle are equivalent to Japan's A3 grade and cattle, and the quality of M 12 is equivalent to Japan's A5 grade and cattle. But as far as personal cooking is concerned, M5-M9 beef is a very precious ingredient. Xinxinda beef, a brand owned by Xiamen Jiuxin, tastes very delicate and its thickness is especially suitable for cooking at home ~