According to the requirements of pineapple for external environmental conditions, choose the sloping land with mild cold damage, no frost or little frost in winter and soil pH value of 4.5-6. as the garden. After the garden is selected, a horizontal terrace will be built around the mountain according to the contour line, and the depth will be 4-5 cm, and the perennial weeds such as thatch will be thoroughly dug, and flood control ditches and drainage ditches will be dug according to the area of the lot.
second, timely planting and reasonable close planting
the planting time of pineapple is not strict, and it can be planted all the time except from December to January, which is not suitable for planting due to cold and drought. Off-season pineapple should be marketed in March-April in the off-season of the following year after planting, so it must be planted in March, and it should be planted with thick stems, dense leaves and strong old mature buds or big buds. When planting, the sprouts are required to have more than 1 large leaves and a fresh weight of more than 2 grams. According to the production practice, the local planting density should be 1-12 plants per mu.
3. Reuse potash fertilizer and apply sufficient base fertilizer
Pineapple needs a large amount of potassium for fast growth and high yield, so applying sufficient base fertilizer and reusing potash fertilizer is an important measure to win high yield of pineapple. The base fertilizer is mainly plant ash and soil mixed fertilizer, with a small amount of calcium superphosphate, and .25-.5 kg is applied to each hole. Practice has proved that applying sufficient base fertilizer is beneficial to improve soil aggregate structure, enhance soil permeability and water and fertilizer conservation ability, and create a good soil environment conducive to pineapple root growth; At the same time, after the seedlings survive, there are nutrients to be absorbed, which accelerates the growth of roots and leaves, and promotes the plants to grow healthily, bear fruit early and have high yield. In addition, applying sufficient basal fertilizers such as plant ash can improve the cold resistance of plants.
Fourth, timely topdressing and strengthening management
1. After the seedlings survive, topdressing should be done once every 1-2 months during the vegetative growth period, with 25 grams of urea applied to each plant, and topdressing should be done after rain. Re-apply flower-promoting fertilizer in July, and apply 5-1g compound fertilizer to each plant. In addition, topdressing 1-2 times (.2%-.4% urea aqueous solution) outside the root during the fruit expansion period. The weather warms up after February every year, so it is necessary to strengthen fertilization management and topdressing outside the roots in time to promote the rapid growth of plants.
2. The pineapple root groups are shallow in rows. In order to protect the root groups, keep the soil moist, inhibit the growth of weeds, reduce the soil temperature in summer and autumn and improve the soil temperature in winter, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of the root groups, it is necessary to cover the rows carefully all year round. The mulch can be straw or mountain grass, and the thickness of the mulch is 3-4 cm.
3. The root system of intertillage weeding pineapple is aerobic, and the soil must be kept loose and breathable. Under the small rows and leaf crowns, the roots are dense and shallow. If there is no straw cover, weeding should be done in time. When weeding, attention should be paid to shallow weeding to avoid damaging the roots. Generally, intertillage weeding should be carried out for 1-2 times before the weeds bloom and after the rain. After October, when the weather is getting dry, intertillage should be carried out to loosen the soil, prevent drought and keep moisture, and remove weeds.
5. Prompt flowering and promote fruit, and adjust the harvest time
1. Prompt flowering The pineapple planted in March has been cultivated for 5-6 months. By August, when the plant grows more than 35 cm in height and has 25-28 leaves with a length of more than 35 cm, in order to strive for the fruit to be listed in March and April of the following year and the harvest time is more concentrated, it must be accelerated with ethephon. Adding 1% urea to ethephon diluent has better effect. Inject (perfuse) 2-5 ml of prepared diluent into each plant, or remove the nozzle cover with a backpack sprayer and spray the liquid medicine from the heart of the plant. Ethephon should be used before 1: a.m. or after 5: p.m. on sunny days. Generally, buds will be sprouted 28-3 days after flower urging. The following problems should be paid attention to when using ethephon to perfuse the heart to promote flowering:
(1) The plants to promote flowering must have a healthy plant with a certain nutritional growth foundation, that is, there must be 25-28 green leaves with a length of more than 35 cm. If the plants are too small or too weak, they will blossom and bear fruit after treatment, but the fruits will be small and the yield will be low, and the commercial value will be lost.
(2) Ethephon is a plant growth regulator, not a fertilizer, so it is necessary to increase fertilization before and after flowering to achieve the purpose of increasing production.
(3) mastering the proper concentration of the liquid medicine, if the concentration is too high, it will waste the medicine and inhibit the growth.
2. Top dressing with .2%-.4% urea aqueous solution during the fruit expansion period to promote fruit development, so as to achieve the goal of high yield and high quality.
6. topping and removing buds
topping should be done in time after flower withering, crown buds and excessive sucking buds should be removed, and nutrition should be concentrated to supply small fruit growth. At the same time, 1-3 strong buds near the ground should be reserved as successor plants after fruit picking.
Seven, bagging to protect the fruit
Pineapples like warmth and fear frost, so they should be bagged to protect the fruit from the cold before and after the "slight cold". Pineapple fruit bagging generally adopts vest bag, which is convenient for bagging. When bagging, care should be taken not to break the bag, and a layer of paper or cloth should be added to the bag to facilitate moisture absorption and moisture retention, while preventing icing. Practice has proved that the fruit after bagging is large and will not crack, which has high economic value. The fruit without bagging is small and cracked, which has low economic value and loses the significance of anti-season cultivation.
VIII. Pest control
Pineapple is cultivated out of season, because the temperature is low when the fruit is ripe, there are fewer pests and diseases. Therefore, in addition to the prevention and control of scarab larvae during planting and mouse damage during fruit maturity, the rest of the time can be prevented without chemicals, so that the products meet the requirements of pollution-free.
IX. Timely harvesting
Pineapple is planted out of season. After planting for one year, it can enter the harvest period in March and April of the following year, and it can be harvested when there are 2-3 rows of small fruits at the base of the fruit that are yellow, the fruit stalk is slightly wrinkled and the fruit leans slightly on the stalk. The pineapple fruit should be harvested in stages, with ripening first and harvesting first.