1. Development conditions of white mushrooms

Nutritional requirements

White mushrooms do not have strict nutritional requirements. All broad-leaved tree sawdust, cottonseed shells, Corn hearts can be cultivated, and nitrogen fertilizers are mainly wheat bran and fresh corn flour. The carbon-nitrogen ratio in the production stage of white mushroom is 25:1 to 40:1; the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the reproductive stage is 70:1 to 200:1. Mineral elements can be added with lime, gypsum and phosphate fertilizer. Jixian area generally produces mother seeds and original seeds from May to June, cultivated seeds in July, mushroom sticks in August, and mushrooms from November to April of the following year. General biological efficiency is 40% to 60%. There are very few second tide mushrooms and the mushroom shape is also poor. However, the biological efficiency of soil-covered cultivation with mushroom sticks is 80% to 90%. Although the mushrooms grow large, their quality is poor.

Temperature requirements

White mushroom is a low-temperature mushroom, and the mycelial growth temperature is 5℃ to 32℃. The most suitable temperature is 22°C to 25°C. It grows slowly below 5°C and mycelium stops growing at 35°C to 37°C. The post-ripening of mycelium takes 30 to 45 days to reach physiological maturity. It is generally controlled between minus 3°C and 15°C. The optimal temperature is 7°C to 12°C before fruiting bodies can differentiate. The fruiting growth temperature is 3°C. ℃ to 22℃, the optimal temperature is 13℃ to 18℃. It takes about 110 to 130 days from making mushroom sticks to harvesting. It takes about 8 to 15 days from mushroom buds to harvesting, and the mushroom fruiting time in Jixian County is from late November to March of the following year.

Moisture requirements

The ratio of culture material to water is 1:1 to 1:1.3, the moisture content of culture material is 65%, and the relative humidity of the air for the growth and development of white mushroom body is: 85% to 90%, if the relative humidity is too high, yellow mushrooms will appear. At low temperatures of 6°C to 7°C, cap cracks often occur when the air humidity is too low. Bailing mushrooms have low water content and can be kept below 15°C for about 14 days after picking.

Light requirements

White mushrooms can grow normally in the dark during the germination stage. However, the growth and development stage of the mushroom body requires a certain amount of scattered light. In complete darkness, it is difficult to differentiate fruiting bodies, and it is difficult to form fruiting bodies under strong light. Generally, the light is 800 to 1500 lux, and the lighting time is 12 to 14 hours a day. Different varieties have certain differences in their light needs. Some require strong light, and some require weak light, but production practice shows that when the light is too weak, mushroom body deformities often occur, the stipe is elongated, and the cap is too small. In the cold winter, even strong direct light has little effect on the appearance, color and quality of white mushrooms.

Oxygen requirements

White mushroom is an aerobic fungus. The growth and development of mycelium and fruiting bodies require fresh air. Regular ventilation is very necessary. When the carbon dioxide concentration reaches above 0.4%, it is difficult for the white mushroom primordium to appear, its development is blocked, and deformed mushrooms are easily produced. Judging from cultivation experience, the demand for oxygen during the growth stage of the fruiting bodies of white mushrooms exceeds that of ordinary mushrooms. Poor ventilation in the cultivation environment causes the fruiting body mushroom stalk to grow, affecting the quality. But no matter which production stage the ventilation must be gentle, the main thing is that the temperature and wind speed are consistent.

PH value requirements

The soil in the natural growth environment of Bailing mushroom is slightly alkaline, with a pH value of 7.8. Bailing mushroom mycelium can grow in a substrate with a pH value of 5 to 11 For growth, the optimal pH value is 5.5 to 6.5. In the cultivation of original seeds, it is considered that the pH value often drops to 0.5 during high-pressure sterilization, so the pH value should be around 7 when batching. The most suitable ingredients for cultured bacteria sticks are between 6.5 and 7.5. The pH value of various culture materials can be measured with ordinary pH test paper.

2. Preparation of the mother strain of white mushroom (production of first-level species)

The mother seed of white mushroom must be purchased from the authoritative department and the department with a strain license. After purchase, store it in the refrigerator. If you need to propagate it, activate the bacteria in the refrigerator for 3 to 5 days in advance for later use. Take 200 grams of high-quality, mildew-free cottonseed shells, and cut the peeled potatoes into diamond-shaped kumquats. Put it into a basin of cold water and set aside. Use a stainless steel pot to add 200 ml of tap water (pH value 7 to 7.5) and boil it. When boiling, time for about 30 minutes. Filter the cottonseed shells and 200 grams of potato soaking liquid through double layers of gauze. Extract 1000 ml of the filtrate. Above 45°C, pack into 100 to 120 180×18 mm hard test tubes while hot. Each test tube contains approximately 8 to 9 ml of solution. Plug in the cotton plug and seal the mouth of the test tube with hard kraft paper or plastic film. , 5 to 7 pieces in a bundle.

When sterilizing, first add enough water (pH value 7 to 7.5) to 3 kg in the sterilization pot, turn on the power to preheat, put the filled test tube into the barrel of the sterilization pot, cover the pot lid and twist it in parallel. Remove the bolts, open the vent valve. When the water vapor overflows, cover the vent valve. When the air pressure reaches 0.5 atmospheres, open the vent valve to let out all the cold air. Continue heating when the pressure in the pot reaches 0. When the pressure in the pot reaches 1 to 1.2 Atmosphere pressure, keep it for 20 to 30 minutes, then cut off the power supply. When the pressure in the pot drops to 0, open the pot lid and take out the culture medium test tube. Gently rotate or shake the test tube to prevent condensation water from collecting in the test tube. Place the test tube into a slope so that the length of the slope of the culture medium is two times the total length of the test tube. About one-third. Each purchased mother seed can be transferred to 30 to 60 test tubes, and after cooling, it can be inoculated in an ordinary inoculation box. After the bacterial box is fully disinfected, the culture medium can be inoculated at one point or multiple points, but generally, the inoculation point is placed in the middle of the slope of the culture medium. After inoculation, it is incubated in the dark at 25°C for about 20 to 24 hours. The mushroom mycelium begins to germinate, and the entire cultivation phase takes 8 to 10 days. After the mycelium has grown up in the test tube, select the pollution-free and robust ones as the productive mother species, and remove the ones with miscellaneous bacteria and stunted growth.

The mother seed expanded from the first-generation mother seed becomes the second-generation mother seed, which is directly used to propagate the original seed and is called the production mother seed. Production practice shows that repeated expansion and culture will cause the bacterial strain to degrade, and the expansion of the production mother strain cannot exceed five generations.

3. Preparation of original seeds (preparation of secondary seeds)

Formula of original seed culture medium:

(1) Add water to pure cotton seed shells and press 1:1.2 mix well, the moisture is 65%.

(2) 100 kilograms of cottonseed hulls, 1 kilogram of quicklime, 1 kilogram of gypsum, 0.1 kilogram of 50% carbendazim, 1:1.2 feed water, and 65% moisture.

(3) 100 kilograms of wheat grains, 1 kilogram of calcium phosphate, 1 kilogram of quicklime, and 1 kilogram of brown sugar. After soaking the wheat grains for 10 to 12 hours, cook and dry and add auxiliary materials.

Prepare original seed bottles according to the required number of original seeds, install any of the above culture materials, and move the bottles filled with original seed materials into the inoculation box. After the inoculation box is fully disinfected, inoculate , each test tube can be inoculated with 5 to 6 bottles of original seed. The vaccinator wipes his hands with 75% alcohol, then lights the alcohol lamp, seals the mouth of the mother test tube with a flame, and inoculates it with an inoculation knife under sterile conditions. into the mother test tube, cut the bacterial blocks in the mother test tube into 4 to 6 pieces, then open the cotton plug of the original seed bottle above the alcohol lamp, and place the culture medium blocks in the test tube into the original seed bottle. Cover with plastic film and seal tightly. Place it in a pressure cooker and heat it to 0.5 atmospheres. When the pressure reaches 0.5 atmospheres, let off the cold air and continue heating. When the pressure rises to 1.5 atmospheres, start the timer and stop heating. When the pressure drops to 1.2 atmospheres, continue heating. , maintain 1.2 to 1.5 atmospheric pressure for two hours for high-pressure sterilization. After sterilization, choose a ventilated, cool, dry, and dark place for culturing the original seeds. In order to allow the mother seed blocks to germinate and eat as quickly as possible, control them at 26°C for the first two days. Around 24°C to 25°C on the third day, and then maintained at 22°C to 23°C.

IV. Production of cultivated species (production of third-level species)

Ingredients of cultivated species: (1) 80% cottonseed shells, 10% sawdust, 8% rice bran, 1 brown sugar %, calcium carbonate 8%, pH value 7, water content 65%. (2) Wheat grain 98%, quicklime 1%, gypsum 1%, moisture content 50%.

Preparation of cultivated species: Generally, high-pressure plastic tubes with a thickness of 17-20×41-45 cm and a thickness of 0.04 mm are used. It can hold about 600 to 700 grams of dry ingredients. The raw materials of the above formula are packed in the cultivation bags and sterilized. A standard sterilization iron basket can sterilize 3,500 to 4,000 cultivation bags at one time. After sterilizing the inoculation box, inoculate at around 37°C under sterile conditions. It is better to have a larger inoculation amount. Gently crush the original seed block, then connect it to both ends of the bacteria bag, tie the bag mouth, and wait for 1 to 2 days after inoculation. Keep the temperature at 26°C for 2 days, and the temperature cannot exceed 30°C. Maintain it at 20°C to 27°C. The mycelium will grow rapidly. The mycelium will cover the bag in about 20 to 25 days, and it can be used as a cultivar for fruiting mushroom sticks. .