1, diuretic antihypertensive agents: hydrochlorothiazide, cyclopentyl methothiazide, chlorothiazide, tachycardia.
2, central nervous and sympathetic inhibitors: rifampicin, antihypertensive spirit, colistin hydrochloride.
3, adrenergic receptor group blockers: β-blockers such as cardioplegia, aminocardiol, and medocardiol, etc.; α-blockers such as phenylbenzylamine, α + β blockers such as lumefantrine.
4, enzyme inhibitors such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors such as captopril, enalapril and so on.
5. Calcium antagonists such as nifedipine and amlodipine.
6, vasodilators such as hydrazinopyridazine, longipramine, prazosin, quetiapine and so on.
7, Ganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic inhibitors such as quetiapine, pentamethylprednisolone tartrate and so on.
8, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists such as ketanserin.
9 , compound preparations such as compound antihypertensive tablets, compound rosmarinus officinalis tablets, Anda blood leveling tablets and so on.
I suggest that it is best to lower your blood pressure through diet.
High blood pressure patients should pay attention to the diet
① First of all, we must control the energy intake, advocate eating composite sugar, such as starch, corn, less glucose, fructose and sucrose, this kind of sugar is a monosaccharide, easy to cause blood lipid elevation.
② Limit the intake of fat. Cooking, the use of vegetable oil, you can eat more sea fish, sea fish contains unsaturated fatty acids, can make cholesterol oxidation, thereby reducing plasma cholesterol, but also prolong the coagulation of platelets, inhibit thrombosis, to prevent stroke, but also contains a large number of linoleic acid, increase the elasticity of the microvessels, prevent vascular rupture, to prevent the complication of hypertension has a certain role.
③ Moderate intake of protein. The amount of daily protein in hypertensive patients is 1g per kilogram of body weight. Eat 2-3 times a week fish protein, can improve vascular elasticity and permeability, increase urinary sodium discharge, thereby reducing blood pressure. If hypertension is combined with renal insufficiency, protein intake should be limited.
④ Eat more potassium, calcium-rich and low sodium-containing foods, such as potatoes, eggplant, kelp, lettuce. Foods high in calcium: milk, sour milk, shrimp. Eat less broth type, because broth containing nitrogen leachate increase, can promote the body of uric acid increase, aggravate the burden of the heart, liver, kidney.
⑤ Limit salt intake: daily should be gradually reduced to less than 6g, that is, the ordinary beer cap to remove the rubber cushion, a flat cap of salt is about 6g. This amount refers to the amount of salt, including cooking salt and other food containing sodium folded into the total amount of salt. Appropriate reduction of sodium intake can help lower blood pressure and reduce sodium and water retention in the body.
⑥ More fresh vegetables, fruits. Eat no less than eight fresh vegetables every day, fruit 2 to 4 two.
⑦ Appropriate increase in seafood intake: such as kelp, seaweed, seafood fish.
Life style of hypertensive patients
1. Quit smoking, alcohol, tea and coffee. Low salt, high potassium, high calcium diet.
2. Means eating less than 6 grams of salt per day. High-potassium diet can lower blood pressure, you should eat more fruits, and if you have low potassium after taking diuretics, you should replenish potassium, or take potassium-preserving diuretics. High-calcium diet should eat 1 pound of milk and 1 egg a day.
3, low-fat diet.
4, reduce mental burden and stimulation.
Three meals
Dietary arrangements should be small and frequent meals, to avoid overfilling; hypertensive patients are often more obese, must eat low-calorie food, the total calories should be controlled at about 8.36 megajoules per day, 150-250 grams of staple food per day, 50% each of animal protein and plant protein. Hypertensive patients without kidney disease or gout disease can eat more soybeans, peanuts, black or white fungus and fruits. Dinner should be small and light, excessive greasy food will induce stroke. Cooking oil should be vegetarian oil containing vitamin E and linoleic acid; no sweets. Eat more high-fiber foods, such as bamboo shoots, bok choy, cabbage, winter melon, tomato, eggplant, bean sprouts, jellyfish, kelp, onions, and a small amount of fish, shrimp, poultry, skim milk powder, egg whites.
Low salt
The amount of salt eaten per person per day should be strictly controlled at 2-5 grams, or about one tsp. The amount of salt should also be subtracted from the sodium contained in soy sauce used for cooking; 3 milliliters of soy sauce is equivalent to 1 gram of salt. Salted (sauce) vegetables, fermented bean curd, salted meat (eggs), pickled products, clams and shellfish, shrimp, eggs, as well as Chrysanthemum coronarium, grass, cabbage and other vegetables containing sodium are high, should be eaten as little as possible or not eat.
High potassium
Potassium-rich foods into the body can fight against sodium caused by the role of blood pressure and vascular damage, can be in the recipe often "show up". These foods include beans, mushrooms, black dates, almonds, walnuts, peanuts, potatoes, bamboo shoots, lean meat, fish, poultry, root vegetables such as amaranth, greens and scallions, fruits such as bananas, dates, peaches, oranges and so on. Fish no matter what kind of hypertension patients, fish is the first choice, because the epidemiological survey found that once a week to eat fish than those who do not eat fish, the mortality rate of heart disease is significantly lower.
Fruits and vegetables
Every day the body needs B vitamins, vitamin C, can be met by eating more fresh vegetables and fruits. Some people advocate, eat 1-2 apples a day, good for health, fruit can also supplement calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium and so on. Calcium supplement some people let hypertension patients take 1 gram of calcium every day, 8 weeks later found that blood pressure fell. Therefore, you should eat more calcium-rich foods, such as soybeans, sunflower seeds, walnuts, milk, peanuts, fish, shrimp, jujubes, fresh potherb mustard, garlic, nori and so on.
Iron
Studies have found that elderly hypertensive patients with plasma iron is lower than normal, so eat more peas, fungus and other iron-rich foods, not only can lower blood pressure, but also to prevent anemia in the elderly.
Drinking water
Natural mineral water containing lithium, strontium, zinc, selenium, iodine and other essential trace elements, boiling water due to precipitation, beneficial to the human body, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, etc. will be significantly reduced, so it is appropriate to meet the standards of drinking water to drink. Tea contains tea polyphenols, and the content of green tea is higher than black tea, which can prevent the oxidation of vitamin C, help the utilization of vitamin C in the body, and can exclude harmful chromium ions. It also contains potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, fluorine and other trace elements. Therefore, 4-6 grams of tea per day (equivalent to 2-3 cups of tea bags) brewed, long-term use, beneficial to the human body.
The above dietary principles, hypertensive patients if they can fall into place, persistent, will be beneficial to health.
Principles of hypertension diet
After high blood pressure only rely on dietary therapy has been unable to control blood pressure, but hypertension dietary therapy is an important adjunct to the treatment of the project, time will show its efficacy. The following is a set of dietary therapy for high blood pressure, hypertension is particularly effective in the early stages:
1, get up early in the morning with a glass of cold boiled water about 1000ml, so that the loss of water overnight to replenish the blood can be at least six hours to lighten the blood, and directly reduce the pressure on the heart and blood vessels. It also liquefies atherosclerotic plaque.
2, salt-limited breakfast or salt-free breakfast
Salt-limited and salt-free can make the blood viscosity light, and is conducive to glomerular filtration, a large number of urination and sodium can be discharged from the body to achieve the purpose of lowering the blood pressure, hypertension, the early stage, the doctor prescribed dihydroketonium and other diuretic drugs, the mechanism of diuretic excretion to reduce the amount of blood solubility to achieve the purpose of lowering the blood pressure.
3, light diet
Food less fried, fried, fried food, eat more vegetables and diuretic food, such as winter melon, boiled soybean, etc., eat more vegetable oil, eat less animal oil.
4, control the total amount
No matter what the food, you have to control to half full and eighty percent full, and do not rely on snacks to supplement.
Foods beneficial to lowering blood pressure:
① Leafy greens: celery, corns, amaranth, shantung, leeks, cauliflower, capers, spinach, etc.;
② Roots and tubers: wild rice, asparagus, radish, carrots, water chestnuts, hoofbeats;
③ Melons, fruits: watermelon, melon, tomatoes, tomatoes, hawthorn, lemons, bananas, fruits, jujubes, mulberries, eggplants
④ Flowers, seeds, nuts: chrysanthemum, rooibos, sesame, peas, fava beans, mung beans, corn, buckwheat, peanuts, watermelon seeds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, lotus hearts;
⑤ Aquatic products: kelp, seaweed, jellyfish, sea cucumber, bok choy, seaweed, oysters, abalone, shrimp, silverfish;
⑥ Animals and others: milk (skimmed), pig's gall bladder, Cow's yolk, honey, vinegar, soy products, black fungus, white fungus, shiitake mushrooms.