Low platelets are low levels of platelets contained in human blood. Platelets are shed by the cytoplasm of mature megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and each megakaryocyte can produce 2,000-7,000 platelets. A healthy person produces about 120 billion platelets a day.
The platelets in human blood, normal people contain about 100~300,000 platelets per cubic millimeter of blood, life expectancy for an average of 8~12 days, due to a variety of reasons lead to platelet count results below the lower limit of the reference value, is thrombocytopenia.
Decreased production
Hereditary: such as Fanconi anemia, congenital with malformation without megakaryocyte thrombocytopenia and May-Hegglin anomaly.
Acquired: aplastic anemia, bone marrow infiltration (bone marrow metastases from malignant tumors, leukemia, myelofibrosis, tuberculosis), chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, megakaryocyte regeneration disorders, viral infections (measles, mumps), medications affecting platelet production (e.g., alcohol), and vitamin B12 and folate deficiency.
Non-immune factors
Increased platelet destruction due to non-immune factors
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, pregnancy, infections, hemangioma-thrombocytopenic syndrome, snakebite, acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe burns.
Increased platelet destruction caused by immune factors
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, HIV infection, cyclic thrombocytopenia, drug-induced thrombocytopenia (heparin, quinine, quinidine, antipyretic analgesics, penicillin, cephalosporin antibiotics, rifampicin, furosemide, carbamazepine, valproate, sulfonylurea hypoglycemics and phenytoin sodium, etc. ), thrombocytopenia after blood transfusion.
Excessive retention in the spleen
Hypersplenism leads to retention of platelets by the spleen, which reduces the number of platelets in the blood . As in the case of Gosheimer's disease, which is often secondary to hypersplenism, patients may have a tendency to bleed as a result of hypersplenism-induced thrombocytopenia, which often manifests itself as fatigue, easy bruising, and nosebleeds.The ICGG reports that 56% of Gosheimer's disease patients worldwide will have thrombocytopenia symptoms. Some children may also develop anemia, which may be primarily due to shortened red blood cell lifespan caused by hypersplenism. Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive disorder in which a mutation in the glucocerebrosidase gene leads to a deficiency in glucocerebrosidase activity, resulting in the accumulation of its substrate glucocerebroside in the lysosomes of macrophages in the liver, spleen, bones, lungs, and even the brain. Clinical manifestations include multiple organ involvement, which is progressive and life-threatening. Patients can be diagnosed by glucosinolates cerebrosidase activity testing.