There are many factors that affect the formation of ureteral calculi, such as age, sex, race, heredity, environmental factors, eating habits, occupation and so on. The common causes of ureteral calculi are metabolic abnormalities, local lesions and medication. This disease is easy to occur in young men, people who eat improperly and drink too little water, and can be induced by hereditary diseases and environmental factors.

First, the main reasons

1, metabolic abnormality:

(1) The excretion of substances that form urinary calculi increased, and urinary calcium increased in patients with long-term bed rest and hyperthyroidism, and uric acid excretion increased in patients with gout. The increase of endogenous oxalic acid synthesis or intestinal absorption leads to hyperoxaluria, and patients with familial cystinuria will have increased cystine excretion.

(2) When the pH value of urine changes, different precipitates or crystals will be formed. These deposits or crystals will be deposited on the ureter, and stones will be formed over time.

(3) The substances that inhibit the formation and aggregation of crystals, such as citric acid, pyrophosphate, acidic mucopolysaccharide and magnesium, decrease in urine, which leads to the accumulation of substances that form stones and block the ureter.

(4) The decrease of urine volume increases the concentration of salt and organic matter. ?

2. Local etiology: urinary tract obstruction, infection and the presence of urinary tract foreign bodies are all local factors that induce the formation of stones. Obstruction can lead to infection and stone formation. Calculus itself is a foreign body in urinary tract, which will aggravate the degree of obstruction and infection. Obstructive diseases that easily lead to urinary calculi in clinic include mechanical obstruction and dynamic obstruction. Among them, ureteropelvic junction stenosis, bladder neck stenosis, nephroureter malformation, ureterocele, renal calyceal diverticulum and horseshoe kidney are common mechanical obstructive diseases. In addition, the stricture of renal pelvis, ureter and calyceal neck can cause urinary retention, thus inducing the formation of kidney calculi. Neurogenic bladder dysfunction and congenital megaureter are dynamic obstructive diseases, which can also cause urinary retention and promote the formation of stones. ?