1. wallach effect

Otto? Wallach is the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and his success is legendary. When wallach was in middle school, his parents chose a literary path for him. Unexpectedly, after a semester, the teacher wrote him this comment: "wallach is very diligent. But it is too rigid to create literary materials. " After that, his parents asked him to paint oil paintings instead, but wallach was neither good at composition nor polishing, ranking first in his class. Faced with such a clumsy student, most teachers think that he has no hope of success. Only the chemistry teacher thinks that he is meticulous in doing things and has the quality to do chemical experiments well, and advises him to learn chemistry. In this case, the spark of wallach's wisdom was suddenly ignited and finally succeeded. Wallach's success illustrates the truth that students' intellectual development is unbalanced, and they all have their own strengths and weaknesses. Once they find the best place to play their wisdom, they can achieve amazing results. Later generations called this phenomenon "wallach effect".

2. Threshold effect

The so-called threshold effect means that a person will gradually accept higher-level requirements after accepting lower-level requirements and being correctly guided. This effect was put forward by American social psychologists Friedman and Freese in 1966 "Field experiment without pressure submission: door-to-door technology".

3.*** Effect

There is a phenomenon in nature: when a plant grows alone, it looks short and monotonous, but when it grows with many similar plants, it is deeply rooted and full of vitality. People call this phenomenon of mutual influence and promotion in the plant kingdom "* * * effect". In fact, there is also a "biological effect" in our human group. From 190 1 to 1982, there have been 25 Nobel Prize winners in the British "Kadiwen Laboratory", which is an outstanding representative of the "* * * effect".

4. Stereotype effect

Social psychology believes that the influence of looking at people with old eyes is called "stereotype effect", which is a fixed and general view of people, thus producing a stereotype. This phenomenon can often be seen in schools. Teachers often show affection for those students who are talented and have excellent academic performance, and they are valued and favored. However, students with poor academic performance are often discriminated against, teachers show impatience and boredom, and depressed words are often on their lips. Practice has proved that students who often receive this kind of "treatment" will suddenly feel cold water poured on them, lose confidence in learning, lose courage to overcome difficulties, and even have decadent emotions.

5. First cause effect

The senior consultant hired by Fiberhome believes that the first cause effect is sometimes called the function of first impression, which refers to the influence of the perceived object on social perception by leaving the first impression on the perceiver. Specifically, it is the first contact with people or things, which psychologically produces a stereotype with emotional factors for someone or something, thus affecting the evaluation of that person or thing in the future. Therefore, we can see that this influence is not conducive to the analysis of collecting correct information in decision-making. The first impression is that good or bad is one-sided, which is not conducive to comprehensive understanding and analysis.

The effect of first impression is called the first cause effect. Judging a person by his first impression is often biased. If you are recruiting

Psychological effect

When recruiting exams and evaluating employees' performance, only the first impression will be deceived by some superficial phenomena.

There are two main aspects in the recruitment process: one is to judge people by their appearances. Handsome and personable candidates can easily win the favor of examiners, followed by judging people by their words. People who are eloquent and quick to answer often leave a good impression. Therefore, when selecting talents, we should not only listen to their words and look at their appearance, but also observe their actions and test their achievements.

6. recency effect

Recency effect refers to someone or something whose recent performance has an advantage in his mind, thus changing his consistent view of the person or thing. Recency effect and the first cause effect are two corresponding effects. The first cause effect usually has an impact in unfamiliar situations, while recency effect usually has an impact in familiar situations. Both of them are subjective assumptions about people or things, which makes the decision-making information distorted.

7. Halo effect (Halo effect)

Halo effect means that someone or something leaves a deep impression on people because of its outstanding characteristics, while ignoring other psychological and behavioral qualities. Sometimes there will be a "positive aura" and sometimes a "negative aura", which will interfere with the evaluation of information. To overcome the halo effect, we must adhere to objectivity and not mix subjective elements.

8. Butterfly effect

1960, Lorenz, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, encountered a difficult problem when studying the problem of "long-term weather forecast": she used a simplified set of data to simulate the evolution of the weather on the computer, originally trying to improve the accuracy of the weather forecast by using the high-speed operation of the computer. However, contrary to expectations, many calculations show that small differences in initial conditions will lead to wrong conclusions. The same is true of psychological emotions. A group of cartoons shows that a person was scolded by the leader at work, and he was very angry. He went home and lost his temper with his wife. His wife was scolded for no reason, and she was very angry and slammed the door. Walking in the street, a pet dog stopped the way and barked, making his wife even more angry. She kicked, and the puppy was kicked and ran past an old man, which scared him. It happened that the old man had a heart attack and was frightened by the puppy that suddenly rushed out. He had a heart attack on the spot and died.

Lorenz discovered the great contrast caused by small differences. She used an image metaphor to express this discovery. A small butterfly flapped its wings over Brazil, and the small vortex it incited merged with other air currents, which may cause a storm in Texas in the United States a month later-this is the famous "butterfly effect" in chaos.

In human resource management, if the personnel manager flexibly uses the psychological effect of personnel, he can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of subordinates or talents, make people give full play to their talents and achieve optimal work efficiency.