Your magazine 1996 1-2, Nutrition and Health, published a group of articles introducing children's breakfast knowledge and working experience in a sister garden, which benefited a lot. Some practices of our park are summarized as follows, which is convenient for extensive communication. What and how children eat for breakfast is not only an important part of scientific management of children's diet, but also an important part of ensuring children's reasonable nutrition. Therefore, our garden has always attached importance to the formulation of children's breakfast recipes and the production of breakfast, not only paying attention to the changes in the pattern of main and non-staple foods for breakfast within a week or even two weeks, but also doing a good job of matching breakfast with lunch and dinner in terms of food types and nutrition. The principle of making breakfast recipes is 1. Cereal food and animal food should be reasonably matched, with cereal food as the main food and animal food as the supplement. The amount of grains is limited to 30% of the total heat energy provided by carbohydrates in grains. Animal foods include lean meat, milk, eggs and fish. The "essential amino acids" contained in protein are relatively complete and the composition ratio is appropriate, so it is known as "high quality protein". Only in this way can we meet the needs of children's brain and body activities for heat energy in the morning and their growth and development for protein. 2. Pay attention to the side dishes containing soy products and nuts. For example, diced almonds, diced peas and carrots, or "tricolor" side dishes made of yuba, peanuts and celery. Protein contained in bean products is the only plant food with high quality in protein. Nut foods are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and belong to brain-nourishing foods. Therefore, we also appropriately add such foods to the breakfast staple food, such as steamed nut buns, roasted nut omelets, boiled corn flour sesame porridge and so on. 3. Reasonable collocation of coarse and fine grains. This not only complements nutrition, but more importantly, the cellulose contained in coarse grains is effective for health. Cellulose can stimulate intestinal peristalsis, reduce chronic constipation, and prevent cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and colon cancer to some extent. In today's increasingly exquisite children's meals, it is particularly important to supplement cellulose. 4. Dry and thin, salty and sweet match reasonably, eat less sweets and fried foods. Experience and some practices of breakfast making 1. Breakfast is made in a short time, and it is often too late to change the pattern, resulting in monotonous food. This is a common problem in breakfast work in kindergartens. In this regard, we not only make up for it by changing the pattern in turn according to the age class, but also take measures such as adding two early shift personnel and making preparations the afternoon before, which has solved this contradiction well. For example, the breakfast menu stipulates that you should eat small meat buns or nut buns the next day, and mix the meat stuffing and put it in the refrigerator the afternoon before, or crush the roasted peanuts and walnuts, mix them with proper amount of sugar and salt, and wrap them in the drawer the next morning. 2. Introduce the method of making instant food. For example, homemade frozen wonton is wrapped and frozen the afternoon before and cooked the next morning. 3. Appropriate absorption of Western fast food. Such as homemade hamburgers and homemade fruit and vegetable salads. 4. Children's breakfast pasta, whether steamed or baked, should be cooked in the morning. Steamed staple food, with light fragrance, attractive appearance and soft taste, is deeply loved by children. Breakfast recipes in our garden for two weeks: eat two sides of nut cake, spiced peanuts and milk on the first week and Monday. Tuesday jam bag, spiced eggs, purple rice porridge and "three-color" dishes. Hamburgers and milk on Wednesday. Thursday Melaleuca cake, liver sauce, corn flour sesame porridge, fruit and vegetable salad. Friday's sesame sauce rolls, spiced eggs, mung bean rice porridge, and "three silk" side dishes. The next Monday, red bean paste buns, shrimp with egg milk. Tuesday's meat buns, rice porridge and fruit and vegetable salad. Nut buns on Wednesday, wonton. On Thursday, there are two sides of assorted hair cakes, spiced eggs, milk and "three colors" side dishes. Friday rolls are served with sesame sauce, beef sauce and sliced willow soup. There are two points to explain: First, because children in our garden have soy milk and fruit for lunch, soy milk is not arranged for breakfast. Secondly, making hamburgers is a successful attempt. Inspired by the eating method of "homemade hamburger tomato and egg soup" introduced in "Your Breakfast Nutrition Recipe", homemade hamburgers were started in mid-March. Its practice is: buy "hamburger" bread, ham, salad dressing and raw vegetables the afternoon before, store the ham in the refrigerator of cooked food, disinfect, wash and control the lettuce. The next morning, bake the hamburger bread with ham slices in the oven preheated to 160℃ for four or five minutes, and then take out the salad dressing and lettuce. How happy the children are eating delicious homemade hamburgers! The new eating methods and tastes have aroused children's strong appetite and eating emotions. When the chefs saw this scene, they also forgot the tension and fatigue of the day, especially early in the morning. In order to enhance nutrition and change the pattern, we made our own omelets, cucumber slices, tomato sauce hamburgers, fish steaks, lettuce, salad dressing hamburgers and so on, which were deeply loved by children. (The author is the deputy director of Beijing Fifth Kindergarten)

Supplemented by the Respondent on June 2009-1321:09

After a night's sleep and rest, the body is fully prepared for a day's work and study. At this time, you really need to take in rich nutrition to cope with the consumption of the whole day. What harm does skipping breakfast bring? First, it causes hypoglycemia, pallor, weakness of limbs, listlessness and even shock. Second, the lack of brain energy seriously affects memory. Third, it is easy to suffer from chronic diseases such as gastritis and ulcers. Fourth, induce gallstones. Therefore, we should not only eat breakfast, but also attach great importance to the quality of breakfast. Some people think that "breakfast is gold, lunch is silver and dinner is copper". Eating nutritious breakfast every day is one of the elements to prolong life. Nutritionists believe that breakfast with good nutritional quality should include four parts: grain, animal food, milk and fruits and vegetables. Expert research also found that students who eat breakfast with sufficient energy and balanced proportion are better than those who eat breakfast with unreasonable nutrition in terms of digital application, creative imagination and physical endurance. Under normal circumstances, middle school students' daily breakfast intake of nutrients should reach the ingredients and amounts listed in the following table: protein 95.9g fat 52.6g carbohydrate 366.5g calories 23 19. 1 calorie vitamin A269.9g carotene 4.6mg retinol equivalent 1037.4g vitamin B1. 1.3 mg vitamin C 19 1.0 mg vitamin E 35.6 mg calcium 960.0 mg iron 28.2 mg zinc 15.2 mg nutritionists believe that human nutrients must conform to the pagoda of a balanced diet. The pagoda of balanced diet is divided into five layers, including the main types of food we should eat every day. The location and area of each floor of the pagoda are different, which reflects the position and proportion of various foods in the diet to some extent. First floor (ground floor): cereal. Including rice, flour and miscellaneous grains. Mainly provide carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber and B vitamins. They are the main source of energy in the diet, and it is better to eat a variety of grains mixed than to eat one alone. Everyone should eat 350~500 grams every day. Second floor: fruits and vegetables. It mainly provides dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins and carotene. Vegetables and fruits have their own characteristics and can't completely replace each other. You can't just eat fruits without vegetables. Generally speaking, red, green and yellow vegetables and dark yellow fruits are rich in nutrition, so eat more dark vegetables and fruits. Eat 400 ~ 500g of vegetables and 0/00 ~ 200 g of fruit/kloc-every day. The third floor: fish, shrimp, meat and eggs (meat includes animal meat, poultry meat and internal organs). Mainly provide high-quality protein, fat, minerals, vitamins A and B vitamins. They have different nutrients. Eat 150~200 grams every day. Report Supplementary Respondents 2009-06-1321:10

The third floor: fish, shrimp, meat and eggs (meat includes animal meat, poultry meat and internal organs). Mainly provide high-quality protein, fat, minerals, vitamins A and B vitamins. They have different nutrients. Eat 150~200 grams every day. The fourth floor: milk and beans. Milk mainly includes fresh milk, milk powder and so on. Besides being rich in high-quality protein and vitamins, it is an excellent source of natural calcium with high calcium content and high utilization rate. Beans are rich in high-quality protein, unsaturated fatty acids, calcium and vitamins B 1, B2, etc. Drink 250 ~ 500g fresh milk and eat 50 ~ 100g beans and bean products every day. The fifth layer (spire): grease. Include vegetable oil, etc. Mainly provides energy. Vegetable oil can also provide vitamin E and essential fatty acids. No more than 25 grams per day. Attention young friends: 1. On the food pagoda, you see five kinds of food you need every day. They can't replace each other. You need all kinds of food to keep healthy. 2. All kinds of foods on the same floor of the pagoda contain similar nutrients, so they should be changed frequently in the diet to make the diet colorful. And the more varieties you eat, the more comprehensive your nutrition will be. In daily life, it is not always necessary to eat every kind of food according to the recommended amount of "pagoda" every day. If you don't eat 50 grams of fish every day, you can eat fish 2~3 times a week, each time 150~200 grams. It is important that the daily diet should include all kinds of food in the pagoda, and always follow the approximate proportion of all kinds of food on all floors of the pagoda. Second, how do we eat breakfast? Get rid of the bad habit of skipping breakfast or coping casually! A nutritious breakfast can make you energetic all day! The ideal breakfast should master the following two principles: Dining time: Generally speaking, it is most appropriate to have breakfast 20-30 minutes after getting up, because people have the strongest appetite at this time. Report Supplementary Respondents 2009-06-1321:10

Nutritional collocation: the basic principles are: complementary main and auxiliary, dry-wet balance, and collocation of meat and vegetables. When eating in the morning, you must pay attention to the following nutrients: A carbohydrates. The movement of human brain and nerve cells must rely on sugar to produce energy. Therefore, you can eat some starchy foods, such as steamed bread, bread and porridge. Breakfast provides 30% of the calories in the whole day. Mainly depends on the staple food, so you must eat a good breakfast. B protein food. Whether the human body can maintain abundant energy mainly depends on the protein for breakfast. Therefore, breakfast should be accompanied by a certain amount of protein animals such as eggs, meat floss, bean products and other foods. Vitamin c is the most easily overlooked. It is best to have some hot and sour vegetables, jambalaya, pickles, vegetable salad, fruit salad, etc. Breakfast rule: Calculate how many calories you need in a day to maintain your basic motivation, and allocate 1/3 calories to breakfast intake. Don't worry about the problem of fat accumulation caused by too many calories. During the day, the metabolic rate is high, nutrients are easily absorbed, and heat energy is easily digested. Breakfast rule: complex carbohydrate absorbs more heat energy from complex carbohydrate, such as whole grain products such as whole wheat bread. This kind of starch decomposes easily and provides you with energy and various nutrients quickly. Breakfast rule: It is also important to replenish water in the morning. Nutritionists suggest that it is best to supplement the daily water requirement of13 in the morning, drink 200cc of boiling water before eating to activate the stomach, or drink yogurt products after eating to help digestion. Breakfast rule: a simple meal with too much fat will slow down the blood circulation and reduce the oxygen content in the blood. Report Supplementary Respondents 2009-06-1321:12

Breakfast menu should be light and balanced. If you really can't help it, you can eat it once or twice a week. If you want to be full of vigor and vitality in the crowd every day, starting from today, the staple food: sliced bread, 2 pieces of non-staple ham side dishes, red jam soup, bird's nest lotus seed soup, 1 serving of nutrients: calories, protein, 19. 2g, fat, 1065438+. Micrograms of vitamin B 1 0. 28 mg, vitamin B2 0.24 mg, vitamin C 16.44 mg, calcium 85. 09mg, iron 4. 2 1mg, zinc 2. 26 mg, containing 0 copper. 65mg。 Thirdly, I recommend drinking milk for breakfast on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday: a bowl of rice porridge (100g), plus 1 fried eggs, 1 steamed dumplings (vegetable buns), 1 bottle of yogurt. Monday's staple food: coconut toast 1-2 pieces of non-staple food: bacon 2 pieces of side dishes: fruit salad 1 piece (similar to KFC's weight) soup: cream lily soup 1 piece of nutrients: calories 685. 2 kcal, protein 26. 9g, fat 255. 62 mg, carbohydrate table 87. 5g, vitamin C 67. Tuesday's staple food: Hangzhou steamed buns 50g (2 pieces) Non-staple food: spiced tea eggs 1 side dish: Babaocai 1 serving (a small dish) soup: small wonton 50g Nutrition: calories 5785 calories, protein 28. 0g, fat 2 1. 9g, carbohydrate 67. 2g。 Vitamin B 1 0. 50 milligrams, vitamin B20. 30 milligrams, vitamin C 0. 20 milligrams, calcium 62. 84mg, iron 7. 42 milligrams, zinc 3. 29 mg and copper 0.34 mg .. Wednesday's staple food: chocolate omelet 1-2 pieces of non-staple food: spicy chicken wings 1-2 side dishes: hot and sour melon strips 1 soup, 300ml of pure fresh milk, and nutrients: 74 1. 7 kcal protein 27. 6g fat 32. 3g carbohydrate 85. 0g vitamin A 198. 438+09 mg vitamin B2 0. 53 milligrams of vitamin C 9. 99 milligrams of calcium 333. 05 milligrams of iron 4. 83 milligrams of zinc 3. 65 mg of copper 1. 36 milligrams. Report Supplementary Respondents 2009-06-1321:12

Thursday's staple food: 50g of milk treasure, non-staple food: 65438+ 0-2 portions of side dishes: 1 portion of soup mixed with three shreds (carrots, peppers and potatoes): 50g of black rice and purple rice porridge. Nutrition: 58 1. 7 kilocalories, 26. 2 grams of protein. Vitamin A 142.99, microgram vitamin B 1 0. 2 1 mg, vitamin B2 0. 20mg, vitamin C 13. 54 milligrams, calcium 43. 29mg, iron 4. 76 mg, zinc 4. 84 mg and copper 0.37 mg .. Friday staple food: shrimp burger 1 non-staple food: vegetable salad 1 calendar soup: pea sauce cream soup 1 nutrition: calories 7046. Calories, protein 19. 6g, fat 40. 1g, carbohydrate 69. 3g, vitamin A65438. Vitamin B 1 0 13mg, vitamin B20. 15mg, vitamin C 28. 44mg, calcium 153. 33mg, iron 4. 52 milligrams, zinc 2. 77 mg and 0.5 mg of copper ... Saturday staple food: 50 g of bean paste bag, non-staple food: 2 side dishes of sauce chicken liver: 65438+ 0 soup: 50 g of tremella longan and coix seed porridge, nutrient content: 690. 2 kcal, protein 27. 0g, fat 15. 5g, carbohydrate 1 10. 2g。