Strawberry is an economic crop with developed root system, strong adaptability, early fruiting, high yield, fertilizer saving, easy management and good benefit. Under general operating conditions, if planted in late August or early September of that year and harvested at the end of May of the following year, the fruit yield per mu (1 mu = 667 square meters, the same below) can reach 1500 ~ 2000 kg, and the income per mu can reach 5000 ~ 7000 yuan. According to the experience of planting strawberries in Hangzhou in recent years, if you want to plant strawberries well, you should first choose suitable soil, that is, you should choose fields with high terrain, flat ground, rectangular north-south direction, convenient irrigation and drainage, and loose soil, and it is best to plant strawberries in alluvial soil of rivers and streams, which belongs to muddy cultivated fields or muddy fields. This kind of field has high soil fertility level, good fertilizer supply performance, strong fertilizer conservation effect and easy early development. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the following links in cultivation techniques.
1. Select high-quality varieties, such as Fengxiang, Zhangji, etc., with early maturity and shallow dormancy, suitable for greenhouse cultivation, high yield and storage and transportation resistance.
2. Strawberry seedlings are strong and generally propagated by vines and underground vines. First of all, a breeding nursery must be established. Nursery land requires loose soil, no weeds and sufficient fertilizer and water conditions. Generally, the breeding nursery should be ploughed half a month in advance. When preparing soil, 2500 kg of decomposed column fertilizer and 30 kg of cake fertilizer are applied per mu as base fertilizer, and then the border is ditched with a width of 2 meters. Choose healthy mother plants and transplant them at a density of 200 cm× 70 cm, so that there is enough space and light for the growth of stolons. If farmers do not set up a special breeding nursery, they can also choose a good breeding base in the producing area after the fruit is harvested at the end of May of that year, and leave 1 row every three rows to increase the spacing between rows and plants. Then loosen the soil and level it, introduce the newly grown stolons into the space around the mother plant, and bury the base of the leaf cluster on the stem node in the ground. When a new seedling with 3-4 leaves is formed on the stem node, the seedling can be cut off from the mother plant and transplanted. As far as possible, select strong seedlings close to the mother plant for centralized transplanting. Generally, the closer to the mother plant, the earlier the new seedling takes root, the stronger it grows and the more vigorous it grows.
3. Improve the quality of transplanting, generally from early August to early September. Choose cloudy or rainy days for transplanting, and try to avoid sunny and hot noon to prevent seedlings from burning. Before transplanting, 2,500 kg of decomposed manure, 50 kg of cake fertilizer, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 15% respectively) were applied to Honda as base fertilizer. Then make a high ridge, with a ridge top width of 30 cm, a ridge bottom width of 60 cm, a ridge height of 30 cm and a trench width of 30 cm. Before transplanting, spray 200 grams of 50% butachlor and 60 kilograms of water per mu to control weeds. Black film is spread on the ridge surface to improve the soil temperature and prevent the fruit from being polluted when it touches the ground, which will affect the coloring and quality. Plant 2 rows per ridge, plant spacing18 ~ 20cm, and plant 7000 ~ 8000 plants per mu.
4. Scientific management
(1) If the ridge surface is not covered with black film, a thick soil cultivation should be carried out in late September in combination with loosening soil and weeding to promote more roots of seedlings and prevent the old seedlings from being exposed.
(2) Covering the winter until the middle and late June 10. When the temperature drops below 15℃ during the day or below 8℃ at night, build a greenhouse as soon as possible, with a width of 6-9 meters and a center height of 2.5 meters. The covering material is a PVC film with a thickness of 0.08 cm. From late March to early April of the following year, with the temperature rising, the films on both sides of the greenhouse began to be peeled off to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse and improve the ventilation transparency. The temperature in the greenhouse should be within 30℃ during the day, 20 ~ 25℃ during the day after flowering, and not lower than 5℃ at night.
(3) The flowers on the third and fourth branches of onion inflorescence are often sterile or only ineffective. When the buds begin to separate from each other before flowering, the bud thinning time should be no later than 1 flowering period. Conditional farmers, it is best to put a group of bees in the shed from the beginning of strawberry flowering, which is conducive to flowering and pollination and improve the seed setting rate.
(4) After strawberry berries are formed, when the fruits swell to about half the size of the fruits, 65,438+00 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (containing 65,438+05% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively) is applied every 65,438+05 ~ 20 days for 3 ~ 4 consecutive times.
(5) Exquisite harvest: harvesting begins in early February, and it is picked once every 1 ~ 2 days. The harvest period of a variety can generally last until the end of May. In a day, the suitable time for picking is in the morning, and the dew is dry until the summer heat comes. Fruits picked in wet dew or rain are perishable and should be avoided as much as possible. Pick gently, hold the fruit handle with your hand and pick it with the handle to avoid damaging the calyx, otherwise it will rot easily.
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