Nanjing was originally an ancient historical city, with Nanjing as its capital, which not only made Nanjing the first capital in the world in urban construction, but also brought social and economic prosperity to this ancient city. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the population of Nanjing increased dramatically, from a medium-sized city with a population of several hundred thousand to an international super metropolis with a population of one million. So, how is such an international super metropolis divided and distributed? & gt& gt Generally speaking, in the early Ming Dynasty, the urban area of Nanjing can be roughly divided into Gao Qian rich area, handicraft and commercial area, religious and cultural area, imperial military area, imperial regime center area, royal garden area and scenic and recreational area. & gt& gt Fujie (Huapailou), Xinfu Street and Fu Deng Lane, the rich areas in Gao Qian >:> At that time, the rich areas in Gao Qian were mainly concentrated on the banks of the Inner Qinhuai River, namely the area from Zhenhuai Bridge to Xiafuqiao and the north and south areas of Beixin Street. Especially from Zhenhuai Bridge to Xiafuqiao Bridge, it is the Gao Qian District where princes and nobles gathered in the early Ming Dynasty. At that time, a poet wrote a poem, which vividly described the unprecedented grand occasion when the upstarts of Huai You gathered in Nanjing: "There are many guests in short clothes, and the people in the city are half-Huai." The Huaihe River Basin belonged to the State of Chu at that time, and Zhu Yuanzhang and his hometown heroes were born in the Huaihe River Basin, so the Chu people and Huai people in the poem refer to these Fengyang people and Dingyuan people. They gathered in Nanjing at once, occupying half of Nanjing (a city with a high bun and a half Huai people), which shows that there were many upstarts in Huaiyou at that time. These high-ranking officials and dignitaries lived in this specific area in the south of Nanjing by virtue of their special merits or their special blood relationship with Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty, and became famous for a while, which left a deep impression on their mansion in Nanjing, or spread it as a street name for hundreds of years, or left the remains of their mansion for future generations. For example, the former residence of Kaiping Wang Chang Yuchun, who once opened a mansion in Yanggongjing, Nanjing today, has long since disappeared after years of baptism, but Changfu Street has therefore become the place name of that area; There is a carved archway in front of Chang Yuchun Mansion, which was specially granted by Zhu Yuanzhang. Nanjing people call it "carved archway". Today, the "Huapailou" is gone, but the name of this Huapailou has been used to this day. Xinguang Tanghe, later named King of East Ou, lived in Xinfu Street. Unfortunately, only the place names were left, which made us daydream about the glorious scene of that year. In today's Fu Deng Lane area, there is also the palace of Ninghe Wang Dengyu. & gt& gt Nanjing Confucius Temple Zhanyuan, Zhongshan Wang Fu and Bailuzhou Park >> Due to various reasons, many senior officials' residences in the early Ming Dynasty only left a vicissitudes of place, except for one place, which was the Zhongshan Palace in Xu Da, the Duke of Wei. Xu Dawang Mi is located at Zhanyuan Road in the south of the city, and its place name is the Great Revolution Square. At that time, the scope of the Wei government was roughly east of Zhonghua Road, west of Confucius Temple, south of Jiankang Road, north of Zhanyuan Road and right of Qinhuai River. The grandeur of its momentum is evident. Today, the exhibition garden that we can still see in the Confucius Temple is only a western garden of the Wei government. In fact, there is a garden in the east of the Duke of Wei, next to the Confucius Temple, called Sui Chuyuan, but it is in ruins. In addition to the East and West Gardens in Wei's mansion, there is also a very beautiful garden outside the mansion, which is Wei's East Garden-now Bailuzhou Park. The name of "Egret Island" is said to come from the poem: "Three mountains and a half fall in the sky, like this island of egrets divides the river." It can be seen that the beauty of its scenery at that time. Because it is located in the east of the Wei government, people generally call it the East Garden. & gt& gt Xu Da, the first general of Ming Dynasty, was a gift from Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty. After Xu Da's death, his eldest son Xu Huizu and his descendants inherited the title and lived here for generations. There is another person in the Xu family who won the title of Duke of Daming, and that is Xu Zengshou, the fourth son of Xu Da. This man was an official in Wen Jian, but secretly "worked" for his brother-in-law, revealing the secrets of the Wen Jian court, and was finally killed by Wen Jian. Judy was made a monarch after her success in Jingnan. In the second year of Yongle, Judy, Emperor Taizong of Ming Dynasty, ordered Xu Jingchang, the son of Xu Zengshou, to inherit his father's title of duke. However, people today don't know where the Dingguo government is in Nanjing. & gt& gt Handicraft and commerce concentration area-Handicraft and commerce distribution area of Nan Zhou, the capital of Southern Tang Dynasty-Southern Map >> In addition to the rich residential areas in Gao Qian on both sides of Qinhuai River, the southern part of Nanjing was also a relatively prosperous handicraft and commerce concentration area in the early Ming Dynasty. The central area should be in the Southern Tang Dynasty Imperial City, which is near Wang Fu Garden on Zhonghua Road today. The exact location is within South Jubaomen, north to Beimen Bridge (now north of Zhujiang Road), east to Dazhong Bridge, middle to Zhenhuai Bridge, and west to Sanshanmen (now west of Shuimen). Among them, Sanshan Street, the Imperial Street in the South Tang Dynasty, is particularly prosperous, and the area around Chengen Temple in the southeast of Neiqiao is relatively developed. People in the Ming Dynasty wrote: "There are only a few people in Du Nan (Guide Jing) market, but in the end it is a Hangkou, from Sanshan Street to Doumen Bridge, called' Guohang'." & gt& gt Today, there is a huge painting "Southern Map" (3.5 meters long) in the Chinese History Museum, which truly "records" the prosperity of commodity economy in southern Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty. After research by experts and scholars, this painting depicts the bustling scene of the market from Sanshan Street to Shengzhou Road and Jianye Road. There are 109 kinds of shop signs in the painting, with more than 1 000 people. Some people call it the "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in the Ming Dynasty, when the industry and commerce in southern Nanjing were developed. & gt& gt At that time, there were four main types of "businessmen" doing business in Nanjing: > >; The first kind of businessmen-foreign businessmen open "stores". At that time, the Ming Empire built "official corridors" or cloisters on both sides of the commercial street in the capital Nanjing. In December of the 19th year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang sent a letter to the governor of Zhong Jun to build gates such as Tongji, Jubao, Sanshan and Hongwu ... and built six walls and corridors and streets, and lost them to sinners. This kind of official gallery can be rented or bought. The reason for this is that the Ming empire wants to occupy commercial profits, and the other is to facilitate management. It is precisely because of the orderly management of business by the empire that many professional streets quickly formed in Nanjing in the early Ming Dynasty, such as Jubaomen area, which is famous for its sugar gallery. Sanshan Street is full of bookstores, mounting galleries and satin galleries. The vicinity of Chaotian Palace is famous for its red paper gallery; There is a Mingwa Gallery in the southwest of Xinjiekou in this city, and these place names are still in use today. & gt& gt The second kind of businessmen-local craftsmen do "residential business", that is, local military, civilian and craftsmen in Nanjing. They are not only specialized craftsmen, but also businessmen. & gt& gt Review on the origin of the place names of Shishe Street and Qijiawan in Yunjin, Nanjing >:> Because the capital of the early Ming Dynasty was here, Nanjing's handicraft industry ranked first in the country at that time. In the early Ming Dynasty, more than 200,000 craftsmen were mobilized to "build cities" and work, which objectively prospered Nanjing's industrial and commercial economy. At that time, the handicraft industry in Nanjing had developed to 360 lines! & gt& gt Some people think that in the early Ming Dynasty, there were many foreigners living in Qijiawan, Nanjing, most of whom were westerners, and their skills were very unique. For example, the candied skin and sesame we eat today are the manufacturing techniques taught by these westerners to the northwest minorities. These westerners live in Shi Ping Street, and many of them are engaged in leather processing and manufacturing, thus forming a professional leather street on Shi Ping Street, which is called "Pishi Street" and "Leather Workshop". After a long time, more foreigners came, and everyone mistakenly named it "Appraisal Street". It was recorded in the Qing Dynasty: "Shi Ping Street, also known as Pifang ... today, from Nail Lane to Qijiawan, the leather attacker lived next door. Summer, filthy and inaccessible, still follows the old habits. And turn to Dongyi Lane, which is called Pichang and Gaipi Yifang. " Qijiawan, which was T-shaped with Shi Ping Street, was also a professional street for leather processing and manufacturing. It is said that seven of them have the most famous skins, so people call that place "Qijiawan". This is another folk version of the origin of Nanjing Qijiawan place name. & gt& gt The prosperity of Nanjing's industry and commerce, with Zhu Yuanzhang as its capital and the early Ming Dynasty, promoted the historical glory of Nanjing's hand-woven fine brocade in the Ming Dynasty. Yunjin has existed for a long time, but before the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing Yunjin was not "smooth" throughout the country. In the early Ming Dynasty, Nanjing was the capital, and the nouveau riche of Zhu Yuanzhang's regime used local materials. They wear brocade clothes according to certain regulations. Due to the great demand of the officials of the Ming empire and the eager pursuit of the upper class, Nanjing Yunjin began to go to the whole country, even to the world, and also began to go to modern people with its own historical development. & gt& gt The third kind of businessmen-urban and rural farmers are busy with the fair. The third type of people who did business in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty were urban and rural farmers, who mainly traded between urban and rural areas, that is, the "city" in the ancient system, which can never be understood as the "city" in the modern sense. In ancient China, a fixed-point but time-limited trading place was usually called a "city", similar to the place where farmers went to market today. In the early Ming Dynasty, the capital city was south of the city, mainly outside Shichengmen, Sanshanmen and Jubaomen. & gt& gt The fourth kind of businessman-the official businessman "benefits from the fisherman". As for officials and businessmen, China has existed in all dynasties, and they are all very powerful, and sometimes they even monopolize many economic fields. This kind of official business is similar to state-owned monopoly enterprises. & gt& gt Have you ever heard that official prostitutes are also an "industry" run by officials and businessmen? & gt& gt Officials and businessmen in the Ming Dynasty mainly engaged in the following "industries": >> The first is galleries. As mentioned above, hundreds of verandahs were built at a time in Shangxinhe area. In fact, it seems that the army at that time also had corridors besides the government offices (to be studied). In May of the thirty-first year of Hongwu, Geng Shentiao's Record of the Ming Dynasty recorded: "You Weiding burned more than 60 cloisters with a suicide note, and the Ministry of Justice demanded punishment. He said, "If it's not the reason, let it go. ">& gt Second, the house collapsed. "At the beginning, the military and civilian houses in the capital (Nanjing) were given by officials, and there was no place. When the goods arrive, they are parked on the boat or stored outside the city, and the prices go up and down, which makes the businessmen sick. (Hongwu) The emperor was ordered to build a house at the water's edge outside the gate of Sanshan, and the famous house collapsed to store commercial goods. "That is to say, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the construction of a" collapsed house "near the water's edge outside Sanshanmen, similar to the current transit storage yard. The "collapsed house" is specially designed for businessmen to transfer inventory to facilitate business here; And * * * charges a certain management fee, tax, etc. & gt& gt Third, restaurants. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the construction of 16 large state-owned restaurants, such as Heather Tower, Beishi Tower and Acura Tower, on the most prosperous commercial passages, such as Jiangdongmen, Jubaomen, Sanshanmen and Sanshan Street. The Ming Dynasty recorded the prosperity of Nanshi Building: "Banquet Nanshi Building, a poem inspired by the magistrate of a county in the early days of the country:' The imperial city is full of songs and dances, and the four seas are peaceful and righteous. Longhuguan River has beautiful scenery, and Fengge has gorgeous fireworks. The banquet was honored with money, and the Jade Palace announced the ceremony several times. All coronation and boarding are good, and the lyrics are only praised by Zhong Xuan. "Look at this poem and you will know the prosperity at that time." & gt& gt Fourth, official prostitutes. If you have wine, you need beautiful women to accompany you, so that you can drink more and more. Since there are so many government-run restaurants, of course, we can't forget the special entertainment consumption forms of restaurants-whoring and whoring (in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang, it was forbidden for civil servants to prostitute, and non-civil servants were not allowed), so there was a fourth official form-official prostitute. In the early Ming Dynasty, there were six official restaurants dedicated to official prostitutes: Zhu Yuanzhang "specially built the sixth floor of the official prostitute hall outside Jubaomen in Shi Jing for Anyuan people. A guest, a retranslation, a light smoke, a light pink, a face, a ".