The weather changes dramatically in the summer, a moment of torrential rain, a moment of bright sun.

A burst of sun and a burst of rain is the favorite weather for mushrooms in the mountains.

The wild mushrooms have been waiting all year for the summer, when the dryness and humidity are the most variable, and they begin to emerge from the fallen leaves in groups.

Mushrooms are fungi, and wild mushrooms are called wild mushrooms in Yunnan. The unique flavor of the many varieties of wild mushrooms can only be eaten in Yunnan in the summer. And at this time, it is also the busiest season in Yunnan Hospital Emergency Department, because: "Every Yunnan people have a friend who ate mushrooms have been poisoned, have seen the small people people flying in the sky."

Poisoned patients in the infusion room, some people look up and stare at the window, rows and rows of palm-sized little people are crawling into the house from the window. Some gazed down at their arms, where a few thumb-high little people rolled around and fought by the sweaty hairs on their arms.

Everyone saw little people in different colors, but without exception, they were all very lively and active. Phantasmagoria is so well integrated into reality that your mind is still organized, your speech is fluent, and you can walk and move around without any problems, except that you can't tell what you see in front of your eyes, and what is real and what is not.

The wild mushrooms that bring you the vision of the little man are called "see hand green", and they are one of the delicious porcini mushrooms.

Yunnan wild mushrooms

Wild mushrooms are not easy-going mushrooms that can make their home everywhere, it's a very picky character to grow in a place where there is plenty of heat, but the light can't be strong. The mycelium of wild mushrooms starts to sprout when there are obvious dry and wet changes alternating in the air. The mycelium of wild mushrooms matures only in an environment where there is a big difference in temperature between day and night and where there is stable precipitation.

There is heat and humidity in the south, the temperature can not be high, but also have a significant difference between wet and dry places only high-altitude Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and Dianzhong area is the favorite home of wild mushrooms.

Hailed as a mountain treasure of wild mushrooms growing in the countryside between the mountains, wild mushroom mycorrhizae and pine, oak and other trees combined with the roots, with the forest together **** with the growth. Leaving the forest of wild mushrooms can not survive independently, if you want to try to plant artificially, you have to plant a forest, then buried mycelium under the roots of the tree, and then waiting for God to give you the deployment of the right temperature and humidity, and finally to know the wild mushrooms will not be bubbling up.

The beauty of wild mushrooms is not only their rarity, but also their unusual flavor. Compared to artificial mushrooms, wild mushrooms have firm flesh, strong aroma and rich flavor.

The porcini mushrooms are the most delicious wild mushrooms in Yunnan, according to the color of the mushrooms porcini mushrooms are subdivided into: black, white, yellow, red, red porcini mushrooms also have a name is called to see the hand of the green.

Red porcini mushrooms, reddish-brown caps and stems, under the caps are bright yellow gills. The reason why it is called "see hand green" is that when you touch the folds, pinch the stalk, or tear the flesh, the original light-colored mushroom will change color and turn green.

When the red porcini mushrooms are cleaned and cut into thin slices for cooking, the thin slices turn greenish-blue in a few minutes, as if they are moldy. The acids inside the mushrooms (e.g., variegatic and xerocomic acids) are oxidized by oxygen under the action of enzymes and turn a greenish-blue color. The longer it is exposed to air, the darker the color becomes.

There is more than one type of bacterial acid that turns blue when exposed to air, and in addition to red porcini, there are many other species of wild mushrooms that undergo the same bluing reaction. Blue acid is not unusual, but the toxin found in the red porcini mushroom, which can cause "Lilliputian phantasmagoria", is really rare. This toxin is found only in the red porcini mushrooms from Yunnan province, and not in any other food. [Knowledge Daily - French is Bacon - Do not republish on other platforms without authorization]

Red porcini mushrooms

There are far more poisonous mushrooms than edible mushrooms in the world, and mushroom poisoning is a very common case of food poisoning.

There are many varieties of wild mushrooms, and within the same species, there are differences in size and color. Distinguishing between poisonous mushrooms and edible mushrooms can be tricky, as one mushroom is poisonous and the other is not, so inexperienced novices can't manage to categorize mushrooms at all. As a novice, the best way is not to eat the mushrooms you pick.

Based on the mechanism of poisoning, the toxicity of wild mushrooms is divided into five categories: gastroenteritis, neuropsychiatric, liver damage, hemolytic, and photosensitive dermatitis. A poisonous mushroom usually contains multiple toxins.

Red boletus toxin belongs to the neuropsychotoxic type, and this type of toxin includes: toxocarpine, toadstool toxin, nudibranchin, and isoxazole derivatives. Red porcini toxin is very similar to nudibranchin and affects the brain by the same mechanism. When taken in small doses, it causes hallucinogenic effects and is a hallucinogen toxin. The definitive molecular structure of red porcini toxin has not yet been deciphered. Next I'll give you an example using the same type of naked cephalotoxin to see how a hallucinogenic scenario with a complete combination of virtual and reality is actually produced.

Psilocybin, also known as psilocybin, comes from the psilocybin mushroom, which is found in North and South America, Europe, and Asia, and is found in more than 200 species of mushrooms.

The picture above shows the molecular structure of nudibranchin, which is an organic compound in the class of tryptamines. Chromamines are widely found in animals, plants, and mushrooms, and they act as messengers that transmit signals between cells. The best-known tryptamine in our bodies is serotonin, chemically known as 5-hydroxytryptamine.

The picture above shows the molecular structure of serotonin, isn't it similar to nudibranchin? Both have two connecting rings, one with 6 atoms and the other with 5 atoms. The structure of the unanalyzed red boletus toxin is similar, both have these two connecting rings.

Serotonin binds to more than 10 different neurotransmitter receptors, one of which is called 5-HT2A. When 5-HT2A encounters nudibranch toxin, which looks a lot like serotonin, it feels affectionate and is willing to get close to nudibranch toxin. So nudibranchin attaches to the 5-HT2A receptor like serotonin and directs the receptor to do its job.

5-HT2A works inside the central nervous system, acting on the cerebral cortex, and is responsible for regulating our cognition, memory and attention. Naked capitin binds to 5-HT2A and follows it into the cerebral cortex. Now that it's all mixed up in the house, nudibranchin doesn't think of itself as an outsider, and wanders everywhere, whether there's a road or not. Whether the owner agreed or not, the closet, drawers, and under the mattress would be rummaged through.

Naked Mushrooms wander around, and every time they find a way out where there isn't one, they open up a new connection in the brain. Naked Capsule Mushroomin rummaged around, and managed to turn up a fragment of a scene deep in the brain's memory. So the brain established a new pattern different from the usual one as it churned away.

The left side of the image above shows the brain's connectivity pattern under normal conditions, and the right side shows the brain's connectivity pattern when stimulated by nudibranchin. The image comes from Imperial College London, where the team used magnetoencephalography to scan the brain in two states, awake and injected with nudibranchin, and colorized the brain's connectivity channels.

The nudibranch opens thousands of new channels in the brain, connecting distant regions. In normal waking consciousness, we don't exchange information between these disjointed regions. But nudibranchin has to build a bridge between them, so that they can communicate "abnormally".

Nudibranchin rewires the brain so that when a memory area connects directly to a visual processing area, you get hallucinations. What appears in front of you at this point is both real-world objects and projections of distorted memories turned up in your brain, like a virtual reality movie superimposed on real life. If the emotional region is also wired at this point, you'll not only have intense phantom vision, you'll be thrilled to attend the show.

Naked capsaicin wires the brain for more than just memory and vision. If your sensory areas are cross-wired, then the colors you see can become sounds, or you hear a sound with the tactile sensation of touching it.

Red porcini works in the same way as nudibranchin, by connecting perceptual channels in the brain that don't work properly. The difference is that it strengthens the connectivity to the character part of the memory area and reduces the spatial size of the...Read More

Naked capitoline is metabolized and broken down primarily in the liver, with 65% of the metabolites excreted in the urine after 24 hours. As it slowly withdraws from your body, the newly connected channels in your brain gradually shut down and your brain returns to its normal mode.

Eating red porcini

Why eat red porcini if it's toxic and brings us a scrambled brain?

Because the red porcini mushroom poison is inactivated by constant heating and does not have hallucinogenic effects on the body, the red porcini mushroom has been categorized as an edible wild mushroom. If you see little people, you can be sure you're eating red porcini mushrooms that haven't been fried.

With more than 20 percent protein, a variety of brightly flavored amino acids, and anticancer activity in a single red porcini mushroom, its pros far outweigh its cons.

Buy fresh red porcini mushrooms, wash and slice them, shred green peppers, and crush garlic. Medium heat, heat the pot, put more oil in the pot, when the pot is hot, put the green pepper and garlic grains, add the sliced mushrooms and stir-fry cooked through, add a little salt when the pot is almost up.

A plate of mushroom fragrant red porcini mushrooms stir-fried, mushroom slices in the mouth, meat thick, crisp and smooth toughness, fresh and delicious. Spoon two spoons of rich and silky mushroom sauce with rice, a mouthful of rice is full of summer's unique good taste.

References:

1: " Bluing components and other pigments of Boletes"

2: "Handbook of Prevention and Control of Wild Mushroom Poisoning in Yunnan"

3: " Homological scaffolds of brain functional networks", Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2014

4: "Diagnosis of 65 cases of porcini mushroom poisoning and therapeutic experience"

5: "Treatment analysis of 86 cases of acute red porcini mushroom poisoning"

AUTHOR'S NOTE: Continuing the Masters of Poisoning series of articles, today we are updating the Masters of Poisoning series. This is article 3: Mushrooms in Summer.