Civet cats are also called civet cats, white-nosed dogs, white faces and painted brown cats. Civet cats belong to the civet family. There is only one species in this genus, which belongs to the original group of carnivores with other species at the undergraduate stage. Civet cats are precious wild fur animals. The limb length is 48 ~ 50 cm and the tail length is 37 ~ 4 1 cm. Weighing 3600 ~ 5000 grams. The body color is yellow-taupe, the head hair color is dark, there are obvious four zones from the forehead to the bridge of the nose, there are white spots under the eyes and ears, and the back hair is taupe. The back, shoulders, limbs and the back half of the tail are black, and the limbs are short and powerful, with five toes each. There are claws on the toes, which are slightly flexible; The tail length is about two-thirds of the body length. Living in the mountains, eating fruits, grains, birds, etc. , is an omnivore. Fur can be used to make hats.

Edit the ecological habits of this paragraph.

Civet cats are forest animals, Nocturnal Animals. Mainly inhabiting forests, civet bushes, caves, tree holes or earth holes, and occasionally found in cultivated land. Active at dusk, at night and before sunrise, good at climbing, omnivorous. Besides mice, insects, frogs, birds and snails, he also likes to eat juicy fruits. Eat wild fruits and grains as the staple food, also eat branches and leaves, also eat fruits in the orchard, and occasionally eat their own feces. There are smelly glands near the anus, which will release odor when attacked by the enemy. Civet cats are in estrus from February to May every year. The gestation period is 70-90 days. Born in summer, each fetus has 1-5 babies. 1 year-old to reach sexual maturity. Life span is 15 years.

Edit the habitat distribution of this part.

Civet cats are distributed in the vast areas south of North China and Indochina Peninsula. Civet cats are distributed in Indonesia, Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal and other places. Endemic subspecies of Taiwan Province Province, distributed in low-altitude and high-altitude mountainous areas, but mainly distributed in low-altitude mountainous areas and cultivated land. It is widely distributed in China, starting from the western suburbs of Beijing, Datong in Shanxi, Qinling in Shaanxi and western Sichuan in the north, reaching the Himalayas in southern Tibet in the south, and reaching Taiwan Province Province, Hainan Island and the southern edge of Yunnan in the south. There are 17 subspecies, among which there are 9 in China, and the named civet subspecies are distributed in the southeast provinces. At present, the number of folk farming is quite large. The raccoon fur produced in the south of China is smooth, and the down of native sheep is soft and shiny, but its width is small. The fur produced in the north is rich and fluffy, mostly blue-gray and wide. Fur can be made into long and short fur coats, fur hats, fur collars, leather gloves and so on. Tail hair and needle hair are long and elastic and can be made into brushes and hairbrushes.

Edit this artificial breeding

Civet cats are generally kept in small cages (2× 2.5 square meters) or small iron cages, and then put the cages in idle rooms or set up a small yard specially. Because of its small range of activities, cleaning is particularly important. The cement floor is suitable for the inner room and convenient for washing. Because civets are good at climbing, perches and stumps can be set indoors and outdoors for animals to climb and rest; The room should also be provided with a top net or a top cover with a mesh of no more than 5 square centimeters to prevent animals from escaping and ensure safety. Shading in summer and cold protection in winter are essential for civets. In order to prevent rain in summer and cross-flow in winter, especially at night, we can use straw curtains or cotton curtains to keep the living environment temperature at 25 ~ 30℃. Drinking water must be clean and fresh. Don't let it drink dried water in summer, don't let it drink frozen water in winter, and change water frequently.

Because civets mainly feed on plant fruits, they can feed different fruits according to the same season, and the number of fruits accounts for half of their daily weight. Attention should be paid to the diversification and reasonable collocation of feed types. Ordinary adults feed 150g mixed feed, 30g meat and fish, 150 ~ 200g fruits and vegetables every day. The mixed feed consists of 30% white flour, 25% corn flour, 20% bran and 5% bone meal. Different fruits can be fed in different seasons and regions, and cucumbers, tomatoes and beans can be fed in summer. Feed apples, oranges, etc. It can improve their appetite in winter. The quantity and composition of feed should also change with the development of animals. When the fetus grows in the mother's body and the weight of the young increases rapidly after delivery, the proportion of meat and fish in the diet should be increased to about 150g per day, and the fruit can be increased to about 200-250g. If conditions permit, you can feed dairy foods, such as milk, and the amount can be increased to about 450 grams.

Civet cats have diverse feeding habits, rough feeding tolerance, simple feeding methods, strong disease resistance, easy domestication, high economic benefits and broad prospects.

Edit this paragraph to treat constipation.

Civet cats are constipated, which means dry stools. Civet cats sometimes have a defecation-like body without excreting feces. The body is arched, the head shrinks down to the abdomen, the tail droops, the excrement is limited, the body shakes from time to time, and they don't think about eating and leaving the group. Prevention of constipation: usually give civets more fruits such as bananas or sweet potatoes. ! Treatment of constipation: add some cooked peanuts and salt to civet food; It will be cured in 2-3 days.

diarrhea

Diarrhea is a common disease of civet cats, and it is also the most threatening disease. The normal feces of civet cats are soft strips (such as the feces of normal people). Diarrhea is characterized by thin feces mixed with mucus, and severe cases will die of dehydration. Treatment of diarrhea (1) Take a proper amount of paraquat (that is, boiler bottom ash, which can't be used to burn coal) and feed it in porridge. (2) Feed pomegranate fruit or boil water with pomegranate peel. (3) [1] Oxytetracycline is fed 1-2 pieces of porridge every day. (4) Diarrhea is serious enough to cause proctoptosis. Wash the prolapsed part with 1% potassium permanganate water to help it move to the normal position, then apply it to the anus with burnt glans penis mixed with sesame oil, and then feed 1-2 tablets of oxytetracycline.

Edit this delicious food

Young raccoons: milk powder, malt extract;

Plant feed (such as corn, rice, sweet potato, pumpkin, peanut bran, bean cake, rice sugar, wheat skin, vegetables, melons and fruits, grass) is the main;

Animal feed (such as rats, frogs, fish, leftovers from livestock and poultry, light fish meal, milk powder, etc.). ) as a supplement, feed (composed of vitamins, cod liver oil, bone meal, calcium powder, food board, trace elements, yellow mud, charcoal, Pteris multifida powder, etc.) is added. ) often provided.

Shed facilities and construction

The cage is made of galvanized iron mesh and brick, forming a small room and a dark room. Cages should be equipped with habitats for civets to climb and live. The whole venue should be equipped with a sports ground and the environment should be dry and quiet.

At present, cage houses mainly include cage breeding, grazing and combination. This is a weasel badger, which is easily confused with a civet.

Edit the economic value of this paragraph

Civet meat has always been regarded as a rare delicacy and nourishing product, and is regarded as the first of delicacies.

Civet cats In recent years, the phenomenon of eating civet cats has become more and more serious in some parts of China. Fresh civets have become the best sellers in the market, and their prices are rising. From 40 yuan to 2003, the price per kilogram 1998 to 180, a commodity civet can be as high as 1,000 yuan, and the rich profits make poaching and selling civet cats very popular everywhere. Civet cats are rare "mountain treasures" with a long history in China. They are known as "delicious civet cats in the mountains and delicious white eels in the water". Civet cats are fur animals, and their skins can be made into fur, which is one of the traditional large-scale export furs in China. Civet's needle hair is the raw material for making high-grade brushes and brushes. The fat of civet is a rare high-grade raw material in cosmetics production, and it is also a good medicine for treating burns.

At present, the number of folk farming is quite large. The raccoon fur produced in the south of China is smooth, and the down of native sheep is soft and shiny, but its width is small. The fur produced in the north is rich and fluffy, mostly blue-gray and wide. Fur can be made into long and short fur coats, fur hats, fur collars, leather gloves and so on. Tail hair and needle hair are long and elastic and can be made into brushes and hairbrushes.

Edit this SARS episode

In Chinese mainland, especially in the south, especially in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Guangdong-Guangxi areas, it is often used as food, so many people in the medical field think that human beings are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) only after eating civet cats.

On 20 1 March1day, CCTV news channel broadcast the news of civet cats 10, bats are the chief culprit of SARS virus. It is reported that the natural host of SARS virus is a bat named "China Jutou Bat", not a civet. According to CCTV news, civet cats are actually only the intermediate host of SARS virus, not the natural host, but also infected. This news is quoted from Yuan, a professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hong Kong University, who has devoted himself to SARS research for ten years. Zhang Jinshuo, Ph.D. from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, planning director of the National Animal Museum and member of the Chinese Association of Popular Science Writers, left a message with his certified Weibo account "@ National Animal Museum Staff", saying that in 2005, our research group disclosed in the American magazine Science that bats are carriers of SARS-like coronavirus, and they are Chinese chrysanthemum bats, not "chrysanthemum bats".

On May, 2003, researchers in Shenzhen and Hong Kong isolated SARS-like virus from civet cats. The researchers also analyzed the virus morphology through an electron microscope and determined that it was a coronavirus. The results of scientific research confirm that the SARS virus that threatens human health comes from wild animals. On June 5438+ 10, 2004, experts in Hong Kong and Guangdong showed that the gene structure of civet SARS coronavirus in Guangdong market was similar to that of the suspected case (later confirmed case) in February 2003, further suggesting that human SARS coronavirus may have originated from civet cats. Like mad cow disease, bird flu and other infectious diseases, the method of preventing infectious diseases by slaughtering animals on a large scale has been questioned by animal protectors to some extent. [ 1]

As a medical expert, Zhou Junan, director of the Shenzhen Municipal Health Bureau, pointed out that it is not uncommon for humans to be infected with deadly viruses from animals. Human diseases caused by animal origin include viral diseases, protozoan diseases, bacterial diseases and fungal diseases, such as rabies, cat fever, plague, mad cow disease and avian influenza. He said that some viruses have little impact on animals, but they are very pathogenic to humans and even have a high mortality rate. This is because wild animals have formed their own immune resistance to viruses in the long-term struggle with harsh environment. But human beings live in a relatively superior environment, and their ability to fight viruses is of course worse than that of animals.

This species has been listed in the List of Terrestrial Wild Animals under National Key Protection or with Important Economic and Scientific Research Value issued by the State Forestry Administration in August 2000 1.

20 13 Yuan, a professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hong Kong University, said that the natural host of SARS virus is a bat named "Chinese Giant Bat [2]", not a civet. In fact, civet cats are only intermediate hosts of SARS virus, not natural hosts. [3]

Edit this coffee

Indonesia's Sumatra island produces excellent coffee beans, which are seized from the dung of civet cats in the bushes.

Lianhe Zaobao reported on the 6th that there is a coffee garden on the hill 100 km southeast of Medan, Sumatra. Every morning, the operator will go to the coffee garden to look for the feces of civet cats and pick out coffee beans. They think civet cats are natural machines for removing coffee pulp.

It turns out that civets go to the coffee garden every night to eat coffee fruits and excrete coffee beans before leaving. This kind of coffee beans can be roasted to produce chocolate-flavored "kopiluwak". In Bali, a pot of this coffee costs 200,000 rupiah (about 2 1 USD).

This coffee garden, which covers an area of 500 hectares, can produce 300 tons of Arabica coffee every year at a price of 3,600 US dollars per ton.

"Luwak coffee" only has a harvest of about 300 kilograms in the harvest season, but the price per kilogram is as high as 100 US dollars. In the hands of coffee merchants, roasted Arabian civet coffee beans can be sold for $500 per kilogram, which is four times more expensive than Jamaican Blue Mountain coffee. In the United States, the price of civet coffee beans is as high as $0/200 per kilogram/kloc.

Macconi, an assistant professor in the Department of Food Science at the University of Guelph, explained that when coffee beans enter the digestive system of civets, they break down protein into small molecular weight enzymes, which interact with coffee beans ... When coffee beans are roasted, these small molecular weight protein will react with carbohydrates or sugars in coffee beans, which makes "Luwak Coffee" produce the famous natural flavor of chocolate.

Edit this paragraph for dietotherapy.

Traditional Chinese medicine theory holds that it is sweet and flat; Tonifying middle energizer, benefiting qi, treating various sores, removing wind, and treating intestinal wind bleeding; It also treats hemorrhoids and rat fistulas.

Edit this paragraph "Three Choices"

Civet cats are in estrus from February to May every year. The gestation period is 70 to 90 days. Born in summer, each fetus 1 ~5 babies. 1 year-old to reach sexual maturity. Life span is 15 years. Civet cats have diverse feeding habits, rough feeding tolerance, simple feeding methods, strong disease resistance, easy domestication and high economic benefits of artificial feeding. [4]

The male-female ratio of civets reared artificially is 1∶2 or 1∶3. Male raccoons aged 4 to 6 have the highest mating success rate. In the selection of breeding raccoons, we should choose excellent raccoons with moderate size, strong body, good fur quality, bright fur color, clear white spots on the head and face, moderate size, strong adaptability and few diseases. The introduction will be held in June 5438+065438+ 10. Civet cats introduced prematurely have poor adaptability to the environment and low disease resistance. The introduction of too late will have a great impact on the reproduction in the coming year. The timing of seed selection should be divided into three stages:

preliminary election

Primary selection of adult civets is conducted from May to June every year. Young beavers born early (before May 5th for males and before May 10 for females) were selected, which developed normally and fed early and vigorously. All the adult civets that meet the selection conditions are kept, and the young civets are kept 30%~50% more than planned.

Multi (prefix)

From September to 10 every year, according to the situation of depilation, molting, growth and development, and physical recovery, the examination is carried out on the basis of primary selection. Eliminate several raccoon breeds that are sick or have poor physical recovery. For the bred civet cats (young civet cats), individuals with normal development, good plush quality, strong physique, moderate body shape and early molting should be selected for seed retention.

Careful selection

Every year in June 5438+065438+ 10, all the pre-selected raccoon species are comprehensively identified, and finally the raccoon species are selected as planned. In the selection of quantity, the reserve year is given priority, and the insufficient part is supplemented by young raccoons, and the proportion of young raccoons does not exceed 30% of the herd. Finally, keep the male-female ratio of beavers at 1: 3 or 1: 2.