Because you are so great! ! Colorful! ! Besides paying attention to our 233 Red Star, what else can we learn about logistics in our sports events ~
That is, of course, the huge logistics and reserves behind the event! It is by relying on these logistics and reserves that we can ensure the smooth progress of the Olympic Games and give our athletes a "wonderful performance".
Well, today, Bian Xiao is going to give you a popular science lesson: "Olympic logistics", a special entity flow process.
What is Olympic logistics? Isn't it just to send equipment to the Olympic Games?
Olympic logistics is the physical flow process of goods related to hosting the Olympic Games from the place of supply to the place of receiving, which consists of basic logistics activities such as transportation, storage, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution, distribution processing and information processing.
The content of Olympic logistics can be classified and analyzed from different angles, such as customer groups, the relationship with Olympic events, geographical scope, time scope, service forms and service items, thus forming a multi-dimensional and three-dimensional Olympic logistics framework. Each dimension classification actually puts forward a management perspective of Olympic logistics, and also illustrates the complexity of Olympic logistics management.
Classify from geographical dimension and time dimension.
From the geographical perspective, Olympic logistics can be divided into competition area logistics, host city logistics, host country logistics and international logistics.
Division logistics mainly refers to the logistics activities that need to be provided by the Olympic venues, Olympic villages and news centers in the host city of the Olympic Games and other divisions.
Host city logistics mainly refers to the general name of logistics activities consisting of competition area logistics, citizen life logistics and commercial logistics in the host city.
Host country logistics mainly refers to the logistics activities that consist of the logistics activities of Olympic Games competition areas, the logistics activities between competition areas, the logistics of citizens' life in the host city and the commercial logistics.
International logistics mainly refers to the import of logistics from abroad and the return of logistics after the Olympic Games.
From the time dimension, Olympic logistics can be divided into pre-competition logistics, in-competition logistics and post-competition logistics.
Pre-competition logistics refers to the logistics activities such as storage and transportation of urban infrastructure, Olympic venues construction materials, competition equipment, news media equipment and living materials before the Olympic Games.
Games-time logistics mainly refers to various logistics activities in the host city and other competition areas during the Olympic Games. The purpose of Olympic logistics activities is to provide logistics support for the Olympic Games.
Post-games logistics mainly refers to the logistics activities such as cleaning, recycling and discarding of articles in venues, Olympic villages, news centers and other places after the Olympic Games.
How complex and difficult is the Olympic logistics demand?
As the largest sports event in the world, the Olympic Games has more athletes and spectators than any other sports event, which has triggered a huge demand for logistics. Take the equipment required for the competition as an example, its quantity far exceeds that of other competitions. Different from other fields of logistics, Olympic logistics has its own distinctive characteristics, which is a difficult test paper for the logistics system of the host city.
Take the 20 16 Olympic Games in Brazil as an example. In terms of sports, the Olympic Games will use 32,000 table tennis, 400 football, 8,400 badminton, 250 golf carts and 54 boats.
Accessories and articles in the Olympic Village will include about 80,000 chairs, 70,000 tables, 29,000 mattresses, 60,000 clothes hangers, 6,000 televisions and 65,438+00,000 smartphones.
The 54 ships needed for the Olympic Games are stored in a dry warehouse.
In order to store all these materials, the Rio Olympic Organizing Committee used two warehouses: one warehouse with an area of 15000 square meters in Tijuca District, Balada, west of Rio, to assemble and provide furniture and accessories for the Olympic Village. The other is located in the Duke of Cajias, near the road leading to the stadium. There is a 90,000-square-meter big warehouse, which stores all the equipment and supplies needed for the Olympic Games. The shelves in these two warehouses are as high as 2 1 m, which is equivalent to 7 floors. These warehouses can handle 65,438+020 trucks at any time. In addition, the Olympic Games will use 14000 arrows to remove 7770 kilograms of horse manure.
Therefore, the organizing committee has prepared a team of 2,000 people to be responsible for the transportation, registration, recording, management, distribution and delivery of these materials.
Muric O-Kun Calve, logistics manager of the Rio Olympic Organizing Committee, said: "Our biggest challenge is to plan and implement all the warehouse processes and procedures. We must be foolproof. Although no one pays attention to us, I am proud of my team. "
Therefore, the complexity and difficulties of Olympic logistics are mainly concentrated in four aspects:
Problem concentration
During the Olympic Games, the logistics operation around key Olympic facilities, Olympic opening and closing ceremonies, hot spots and key competitions is extremely tense.
During the Olympic Games, Olympic competition venues, Olympic Village, news center and other places are relatively concentrated. It is planned to use 37 competition venues for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Among them, 27 events are arranged in 32 venues, which are relatively concentrated in four areas of Beijing: the central area of the Olympic Park, the western community, the northern scenic tourist area and the university area. There are 14 venues in the central area of the Olympic Park, and it is planned to hold 15 games. These areas will be the key areas for logistics support.
In addition, according to the data of previous Olympic Games, during the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games, athletes, spectators, journalists, venue equipment and news equipment will be more concentrated in space. In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, large-scale events such as football and basketball, as well as popular events such as table tennis and diving, which won the gold medal by the China team, will attract much attention, and the competition venues of these events will have more spectators. Noting the concentration of Olympic logistics, when planning the logistics system, we should allocate logistics resources reasonably in space, which can not only reduce logistics costs, but also meet the logistics demand relationship.
Question 2: Uncertainty
During the Olympic Games, there are many uncertainties. Generally, 40% warehouse space is needed to store all the competition equipment, and the remaining 60% space is used to store unknown items.
The logistics demand for the Olympic Games is very uncertain. During the Olympic Games, there were many logistics-related accidents, which developed rapidly and needed to be solved as soon as possible. It is difficult for a logistics manager to make a logistics work plan. Not only should he master the basic planning methods and abilities, but the most important thing is to fully consider all kinds of situations in which the plan fails. Take the Atlanta Olympic Games as an example. During that Olympic Games, only 40% of logistics activities will take place, while the remaining 60% are unknown events.
Generally, during the Olympic Games, 40% of the warehouse space is used to store all the competition equipment, and the remaining 60% is used to store unknown items. Due to the uncertainty of demand, logistics managers must constantly redesign the placement of warehouse items to meet the new storage needs.
Question 3: Security
During the Olympic Games, the safety of most sports equipment, news equipment and living materials needed for the competition is very important. Once many equipment is damaged, it is difficult to find substitutes quickly.
Due to the particularity of the Olympic Games, the objects of Olympic logistics demand-competition equipment, news equipment, living materials, etc. Almost all of them are key projects with high security requirements.
At the Atlanta Olympic Games, 85% of sports equipment came from abroad. As the place of origin is far away from the place of consumption, once these sports equipment are damaged, it is difficult to find a substitute quickly, which will inevitably affect the scheduled competition. High-tech products such as computers and radio broadcasting equipment need to be recorded and tracked by bar codes because of their high value, confidential information and high security.
Four stages of the problem
During the Olympic Games, the Olympic logistics system presents three stages: establishment, replenishment and restoration.
Olympic logistics system is divided into stages in time, which can generally be divided into establishment stage, replenishment stage and recovery stage. In the establishment stage, the logistics personnel are busy, and the venue logistics manager controls the order processing, submits the order for facilities and equipment to the main warehouse of the Olympic Games, and formulates the transportation schedule. The resupply phase took place during the Olympic Games, and the logistics activities mainly brought in some consumer goods again, with less workload for the staff. The recycling stage takes place after the Olympic Games, which is the busiest of the three stages. In the recycling stage, all facilities and equipment shipped from the main warehouse of the Olympic Games need to be shipped back.
How to operate such a complicated Olympic logistics?
Take the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games as an example.
During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, related logistics and transportation enterprises gained a practical experience, which also provided a good reference for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.
(A) cold chain logistics: emergency plan to ensure food safety
From August 8, 2007, Beijing began to comprehensively test the Olympic food safety guarantee ability, do a good job in food safety drills for Olympic events, and accumulate experience and lay a good foundation for food safety guarantee for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A series of food logistics safety rules and regulations have been formulated and promulgated, such as the Regulations on the Administration of Food Safety, the Use of Food Animals and Drugs in the Olympic Games and the Emergency Plan for the Safety of Imported Food in the Olympic Games.
The Olympic Games is in the hottest summer in Beijing, so the vegetables and meat needed for the Olympic Games must be transported in cold storage. Global Positioning System (GPS) and automatic temperature recording device are used for the whole transportation of raw materials, and the transportation route is also strictly regulated. From the Olympic food suppliers to the final consumers, the food flow is continuously dispersed and aggregated, and the cold chain logistics and information flow always run through it, thus effectively ensuring the safe operation of the whole Olympic food cold chain.
(b) Venue logistics: team management to ensure operation.
In 2008, BOCOG adopted venue management, and the venue operation team was responsible for the preparation and operation of each venue, with the venue director as the highest person in charge. There are more than 100 competition venues, training venues and non-competition venues for the Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games. Competition venues are also divided into two categories: those with training venues and those without training venues; Training venues are also divided into independent training venues and affiliated training venues; Non-competition venues *** 15: Logistics Center, Digital Building, International Broadcasting Center, Olympic Village, etc.
The logistics operation of Beijing Olympic Games is managed by districts, with venues as the basic responsible units, and venue directors are mainly responsible for the operation of the whole venue. The venue logistics team has 1 logistics managers, 1 deputy managers and several supervisors. The venue logistics team is under the dual leadership of BOCOG logistics department and venue director. BOCOG authorized the person in charge of the logistics department to sign a responsibility letter for the storage of venue materials with the venue director to ensure the safety of venue materials and the smooth operation of logistics.
(c) Flower logistics: the whole process is tracked by the expert team.
The process of Olympic flower distribution is a challenging task for Beijing Olympic flower distribution center, which relies on the support of science and technology to build the brand of Olympic flowers. To this end, they specially set up a team of experts and hired a group of national famous flower experts and flower arrangement and floral design masters as consultants. Adopt the most advanced refrigeration equipment and technology in China to ensure the quality of Olympic flowers. First-class professional logistics equipment was purchased, including nearly 20 special vehicles for flower refrigeration and 60 professional technicians for flower transportation and loading and unloading. According to the determined Olympic flower plan, high-quality bouquets were made and delivered to all Olympic venues accurately, timely and safely, as far away as Qingdao, Shandong Province.
It is understood that during the 2008 Olympic Games, there were nearly 3,000 prize-winning bouquets. Every morning, the Olympic Flower Cultivation Base will send the newly picked flowers to the Olympic Flower Distribution Center according to the number of prizes awarded that day. In the processing workshop of the center, dozens of professional flower arranging experts will gather together to cut the length of each flower stem to millimeters according to the design drawings; The diameter of each flower and the number of green leaves matched with each bunch of flowers should be basically the same. Send the bouquet to the refrigerator for storage immediately after it is tied.
The prepared Olympic prize bouquet will be transported to the Olympic competition venues by the special fresh-keeping car of the Olympic distribution center. The temperature in the fresh-keeping car is controlled at 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. During transportation, each bunch of flowers will be put into a "fresh-keeping box" independently, and the box should not be too narrow, so as not to squeeze the flowers against the wall and the bouquets will not touch each other. The center is equipped with 30 sealed transport vehicles for this purpose.
(d) Exhibition logistics: Xianglong Logistics undertakes exhibition services.
Beijing Xianglong Logistics Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Xianglong Logistics" for short), as the first logistics enterprise selected as the "green motorcade" for Olympic services, undertakes the transportation of Beijing citizens' daily necessities during the Olympic Games. Xianglong Logistics also undertakes the task of transit transportation for the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Xianglong Logistics has specially set up the Olympic Traffic Command Leading Group to strengthen information communication and ensure that all work is in place. At the same time, experienced dispatchers from all branches are deployed to form the Olympic Dispatching Center, which is responsible for the unified dispatch of the transportation command of the whole company during the Olympic Games, coordinating the transportation resources of the company and directing transportation production at any time. In addition, the company also set up a vehicle repair team, a technical security team, a political review propaganda team, and a logistics support team. Detailed traffic plans and emergency plans have been formulated, and the post responsibility system, management system, post responsibilities and operational procedures of Olympic traffic controllers, drivers and business personnel have been standardized to ensure that all links are foolproof.
According to the relevant person in charge of Xianglong Logistics Company, the transportation service mainly has four characteristics: the demand is uncertain, the category and quantity of transportation materials change with the frequent adjustment of the opening ceremony performance, and our transportation plan has been revised and adjusted for nearly 20 times; Traffic time is tight. The transit time of previous Olympic Games is more than 90 hours, while that of 2008 is only 56 hours. The weather is unknown. In the process of transit transportation, it is in the rainy season, and there may be rain, strong wind, lightning and other weather, which has a great impact on transportation loading and unloading; There are many departments that need coordination. Traffic work involves the Olympic Organizing Committee, Security Department, Logistics Department, Ministry of Communications, related venue operation teams, traffic control, road administration and other departments, as well as Aobei Performance Company, General Assembly Institute, Shougang, Zhu Zong, Taizhong, Wushu and many other enterprises.
(e) Warehouse logistics: a visual warehouse management system was launched.
Beijing Airport Logistics Base was identified as the logistics center of the 2008 Olympic Games with its perfect service system.
The center was officially started on April 25th, 2006 and put into operation on March 8th, 2007. The project covers a total area of 220 mu, with a total construction area of102,000 square meters. The main building consists of four double-deck logistics warehouses (25,000 square meters each) and supporting facilities such as property management building. Beijing Olympic Logistics Center is invested and built by ProLogis, the world's largest industrial logistics real estate company, in order to effectively ensure that the Olympic logistics storage facilities and their management reach the international first-class level.
In order to highlight the concept of "high-tech Olympics", the management and monitoring of Beijing Olympic Logistics Center adopts "digital" and "visual" technologies to ensure the safe, efficient and stable operation of Olympic logistics. It is reported that the logistics center relies on advanced visual intelligent monitoring technology to monitor and manage logistics activities, realize real-time tracking and control of objects, and ensure smooth and safe logistics channels. The structure of the visual intelligent monitoring information platform for Olympic logistics is divided into three parts, namely, visual warehouse management system, visual goods in transit monitoring system and query monitoring system. Visual warehouse management system refers to the process of corresponding visual monitoring and management of related items planned to be stored and circulated in order to meet the needs of event logistics, which mainly includes a series of management activities such as receiving, distributing, storing and keeping stored items.
(6) Postal Express: Beijing Post Company is a professional escort.
During the Olympic Games, Beijing Post Company provided high-quality and efficient postal services to users from all walks of life in 3 1 competition venues, 12 non-competition venues, 120 Olympic contracted hotels, numerous theme parks and cultural squares. * * * 539,000 emails were delivered safely. Providing logistics distribution of luggage and portable sports equipment for athletes, * * * made 3,434 trips and transported 56,469 pieces of luggage and equipment.
During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, Beijing Express set up a special network, which was responsible for the sorting, transportation and delivery of express mail for the Beijing Olympic Games, as well as the pulling and delivery of international imported parcels, with a frequency of twice a day. In order to successfully complete the Olympic service task, Beijing Express takes the following five measures to ensure the safety of express mail and the quality of delivery service during the Olympic Games:
Establish a temporary Olympic service organization, with special personnel responsible for the organization, management and file keeping of Olympic production and operation to ensure the quality, time limit and service level of Olympic services; Strengthen education and training, and use the time of daily pre-shift meeting to educate and train service and business-related personnel; Clarify the Olympic mail processing flow, formulate targeted business processing flow according to different security requirements for the mail of the branches of the Olympic Center, the mail of 120 Olympic contracted hotels and the mail of imported international parcels, hold a mobilization meeting for all Olympic service personnel, and re-emphasize all business processes to standardize and institutionalize business operations; Implement a "clean area" system to ensure that Olympic mail is foolproof, and designate a "clean area" at the sorting and sealing operation site of the terminal building to deal with Olympic mail specifically, so that the area is dedicated; In order to establish a good professional image, all dressed Olympic service personnel must wear special Olympic service certificates.
(7) Emergency logistics: Learn from foreign emergency logistics drills for many times.
At that time, the Olympic Organizing Committee learned from the relevant experience of other countries, introduced the latest emergency management concepts and application technologies in time, and successfully dealt with this problem. At the same time, all relevant Olympic logistics service enterprises are required to formulate logistics emergency plans and conduct drills for many times to minimize emergency costs.