Physical and Chemical Properties Editor
Red crimson has six main coloring components, which are divided into red pigment (erythropoietin or Pan red, molecular formula C21H22O5, relative molecular mass 350), erythropoietin or Monarda red (molecular formula C23H26O5, relative molecular mass 382), yellow pigment (erythropoietin or Monarda, molecular formula C21H26O5, relative molecular mass 358), yellow pigment (erythropoietin or Monarda, molecular formula C21H26O5, relative molecular mass 358), and yellow pigment (erythropoietin or Monarda). , relative molecular mass 358), erythroxanthin or ankyrin (molecular formula C23H30O5, relative molecular mass 386), purple pigment (erythroxanthin or panaxanthin, molecular formula C21H23NO4, relative molecular mass 353), and erythroxanthin or montnayuccinum red amine (molecular formula C23H27NO4, relative molecular mass 381). [2] [3]
Rubin red pigment is deep purplish-red liquid or powder or paste, slightly odor, insoluble in oils and fats and nonpolar solvents, solubility decreases in the medium below pH 4.0, soluble in ethanol, propylene glycol, propanetriol and their aqueous solutions. Melting point 160-192 ℃, aqueous solution maximum absorption wavelength of 490 earth 2 nm, ethanol solution maximum absorption wavelength of 470 nm, solution for the thin layer of bright red, thick layer with dark brown and fluorescent. It is stable to environmental pH, almost not affected by metal ions (Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Fe 2+, Cu 2+) and 0.1% hydrogen peroxide, vitamin C, sodium sulfite and other oxidizing and reducing agents. Strong heat resistance and acid resistance, its alcohol solution is quite stable to ultraviolet rays, but it can be decolorized by direct sunlight. It has excellent coloring performance on protein, once dyed, it will not lose color. [2]
Toxicity: LD 50 is 20g/kg (mice, orally), 7g/kg (mice, intraperitoneally). Erythrina has antibacterial and bactericidal effects, and it has been demonstrated that a portion of the antimicrobial active ingredient is a coloring substance. [4]
Stability: erythrocyanine pigment is not stable to light, in the light of sunlight, ultraviolet light and visible light will gradually decompose. Under the condition of natural light irradiation, less than 14 h, the preservation rate of pigment decreased to less than 50%, under direct sunlight (31-38 ℃) for 2 h, the loss of half of the pigment, the pigment ethanol solution in the UV lamp (15W, distance 20 cm) irradiation for 5 h, the absorbance has not changed.
Production process editor
1, the production of red yeast red from red yeast rice
Red yeast red can be extracted from red yeast rice or from the red yeast mold by liquid fermentation culture.
The process of producing red yeast from red yeast rice: red yeast rice → grinding → adding ethanol → pH → extraction → centrifugation → drying → finished products
The main process conditions: 70% ethanol; pH adjusted to 8; extraction time of 24 h; can be used to vacuum drying, the temperature is 45 ℃.
After the indica rice or glutinous rice is boiled, when the temperature is 40-50 ℃, access the red currant seed, keep the room temperature about 33 ℃, relative humidity about 80%, after 3 d cultivation of white mycelium appears on the rice grain, turn over the currant to cool down, indoor spraying water to keep the temperature, and check the product temperature frequently, keep the product temperature does not exceed 40 ℃. To 4-5 d, the song into a clean sack, immersed in clean water for 5-10 min, so that it is fully absorbent, and so that the mycelium in the rice grains broken, to be drained, re-introduced into the qu quartet in the quartet. At this time, pay attention to the product temperature does not exceed 40 ℃ and turn the curve heat preservation operation, the rice grains gradually turn red, 7-8 d, the product temperature began to decline, tend to mature. The whole cycle is about 10 d. [2]
2, by the red mold liquid fermentation culture production of red currant
There are usually two methods.
①The main process of liquid fermentation method1 is shown in Fig.
Figure 3 Liquid fermentation method for the production of red yeast process flow 1
Figure 3 Liquid fermentation method for the production of red yeast process flow 1 [2]
The main operations include strain cultivation, fermentation, pigment extraction, isolation and drying, etc. For strain cultivation, firstly, a small amount of intact red yeast rice is taken, sterilized by alcohol and then ground and crushed under aseptic conditions, and then added to the small sterile water-containing In the triangular bottle, filtered with sterilized cotton wool, the filtrate was allowed to activate the strain at 20-32 ℃ for 24 h. Then, a small amount of bacterial solution was taken and diluted and cultured on petri dishes at 30-32 ℃, so as to make the formation of a separate colony. Then transfer the Aspergillus erythropolis from the top of the Petri dish to the slant medium. After 7 d of propagation in slant culture, add sterile water to the slant, absorb the bacterial solution and transfer it to the liquid medium, and cultivate it in a rotary shaker at 30-32℃ and 160-200 r/min for 72 h. The composition of the medium and the operating conditions are as follows:
a. Plate and slant culture medium. Soluble starch 3%, caramel water 93% (6°Be), peptone 2%, agar 2%, pH 5.5, pressure 0.1 MPa, sterilization time 20 min.
b, seed medium. Starch 3%, sodium nitrate 0.3%, KH2PO4 0.15%, MgS04-7H2O 0.1%, soybean cake powder 0.5%, pH 5.5-6.0, pressure 0.1 MPa, sterilization time 30 min, temperature 30-32 ℃, rotational speed of 160-200 r/min, incubation time of 72 h.
c. Fermentation shaking flask medium. Starch 3%, sodium nitrate 0.15%, KH2PO4 0.15%, MgS04-7H2O 0.10%, pH 5.5-6.0, pressure 0.1 MPa, sterilization time 30 min, temperature 30-32 ℃, rotational speed of 160-200 r/min, incubation time 72 h.
Liquid fermentation is a key step in the production of pigment. Its cycle is generally 50-60 h. The total sugar is 4.5-5.5%, and the residual sugar is controlled at 0.13-0.25%. After fermentation, the fermentation broth is press-filtered or centrifuged to extract the pigment. To ensure complete extraction, the filtrate was extracted several times with 70-80% ethanol, and the resulting filtrate was combined with the clarified filtrate after separation of the fermentation broth to recover the alcohol and then concentrated, and then spray-dried. In order to make the solution easy to become a powder, you can add the right amount of additives as a pigment carrier.
②The main process Ⅱ is shown in Fig.
Figure 4 Liquid fermentation process for the production of red yeast red process 2
Figure 4 Liquid fermentation process for the production of red yeast red process 2 [2]
The main process conditions are: fermentation temperature of 32-34 ° C, the fermentation time of 60-72 h, the filtrate is adjusted with hydrochloric acid at a pH of about 4.0, so as to make pigmentation, and the filter cake is extracted with 95% ethanol for 24 h, adjusted pH The filter cake was extracted with 95% ethanol for 24 h, adjusted the pH to 6.5, added with NaiS to remove heavy metals, and heated at 60-70°C to make the protein susceptible to polymerization. The pigment clear liquid was concentrated and evaporated under reduced pressure, and then spray dried.